Transcript Slide 1
Women in construction
A case study for Zimbabwe
COMMUNITY DRIVEN SERVICES PROVISION
Eng.Fungai Matahwa
Practical Action Southern Africa
www.practicalaction.org
No. 4 Ludlow Road, Newlands, P.O. Box 1744, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Telephone: +263 4 776 631-3
Fax:
+263 4 788 157
Mobile: +263 11 444 960
Email:
[email protected].
Skype address: fungaim2y
Women in Construction
The Women in Construction project’s goal was to improve women’s
livelihoods through their active participation in the construction
industry.
The purpose of the project was to address women’s traditional
marginal role in the construction sector through encouraging
women’s active participation.
Background to the project
The problem of housing has been compounded by lack of financial
capacity on the part of national government and municipalities to
embark on full-scale housing development hence the high statistics
on homelessness
At the household level, a number of generic factors have also been
affecting access to housing in urban areas and these were
inter alia legal conditions,
high transaction costs associated with drawing up of housing
plans and approval
absence of appropriate sources of credit o housing finance
low incomes and prohibitive land prices
high costs of construction materials.
Most modern and traditional laws have been biased towards male
ownership and control and in some cases, Laws would bar women
from acquiring or disposing of land without their husbands' consent.
Background to the project
Urban housing policies generally did not cater for the specific needs
of women.
In a study of 5 housing cooperatives (4 in Harare and 1 in Bulawayo)
in Zimbabwe, Vakil (1994, p15) observed that
women roles in these cooperatives conformed more closely to
traditional domestic activities
men assumed most of the leadership roles.
Lack of appropriate training of women in management, technical
and non-traditional skills were noted as constraints that limit
women participation in construction activities and perceived
labour intensive income generating activities.
Impact of urban women’s participation in the
construction business on
Income generation,
Gender roles and
Responsibilities,
Family and societal perceptions in Zimbabwe.
Brick production
Findings of the study showed that women’s businesses in construction
were profitable and constituted an important source of family income.
However, business growth was negatively affected by limited access to
finance, lack of suitable equipment, high cost of inputs, and training in
business and marketing skills.
There was also greater gender burden created as women sought to
strike a balance between the social roles and economic activities even
though the community had a positive perception towards their
involvement
Networking has also been initiated with individuals/groups thorough out
the country
Women make a breakthrough into the construction industry
Construction has been seen through the eyes of men.
It is men who dig the trenches, mix the mortar and do the actual
building of the structure.
Well, not according to a strong willed community of women in
Chitungwiza and Epworth who worked with Practical Action
Breaking into this male dominated sphere has presented women with
real opportunities to transform their lives through
lucrative building and
construction enterprises that supply bricks and roof tiles.
Before venturing into this male dominated industry, most of them would
rely on incomes brought home by their husbands.
Practical Action's role has been a simple one - identifying women and
facilitating the realization of their dreams and aspirations.
Working in groups of a minimum of six women, they have undergone
training in
gender sensitization,
training for transformation (T for T),
business management,
brick laying and
the manufacture of affordable building materials.
Experiences from the project
There was also greater gender burden created as women sought to
strike a balance between the social roles and economic activities
Major activities that women were involved in included
cooking,
fending for children,
washing clothes,
income-generating projects such as construction, vegetable vending, and
attending other social gatherings such as churches, funerals etc.
Although families and the general community claimed that they
supported women participation in the construction related businesses,
there were no identified instances in which men volunteered to
do household chores such as washing of clothes and cooking.
It was and still considered a cultural taboo for men to perform certain
household activities such as sweeping outside the house.
Deconstruction of societal beliefs and attitudes in gender roles and
responsibilities at the household level is yet to be achieved
Institutions Growth of women’s construction groups
Apart from being a construction groups and enterprises the groups
formed a network throughout Zimbabwe
This resulted in them forming and registering a national organization
Zimbabwe Women In Construction Association (ZWICA)
ZWICA President, Elizabeth Chakudunga
(second from left) joins other members in
song and dance
The Permanent Secretary
(standing) officially opening
ZWICA
Over the past two years the membership has grown from 9 groups to 30
groups
Apart from being a construction network ZWICA has developed other wings
that address their day to day social needs and these include.
Burial and funeral assistance groups in the communities
Savings and lending groups
This model is based on self-selected groups of people from the association who pool their money
into a savings fund from which members can borrow
The money is paid back with interest, causing the fund to grow.
This lump sum distribution provides a large amount of money that each member can then apply
to his/her own income generating activities, and is greater than the amount that any individual
member could leverage alone.
Members receive training from the association on the planning and management of the
savings/loans, group formation procedures, information and record-keeping and leadership.
Additional training in selection, planning, and management of income generating activities will
be provided to groups and group members who are ready to grow or diversify their income
generating activities.
Lobbying and Advocacy centre
The centre provides assistance to women needing support
in income generating activities, access to finance , access
to land for construction etc
The centre has become a watch dog for the provision of
services by local authorities such a , budgeting process,
refuse collection, water provision
Increasing the visibility of women’s issues through its work.
Thank you