Transcript Document

RESEARCH ACTIVITY OF
ZOOS IN THE TERRITORY
OF FORMER USSR
(23rd EAZA ANNUAL CONFERENCE,
2007, MADRID)
Sergei Popov
Moscow Zoo
There
Therewere
is information
39 zoos and
about
aquaria
69
in
zoos
the and
territory
aquaria
of former
on theUSSR
same
in
territory
1991 now.
40 from these institutions
are joined in EARAZA
Research Survey (April - June 2006)
18 answers
44 questionnaire lists
11 large zoos
(staff more than 100)
3 middle-size zoos
(staff 50 to 100)
4 small zoos
(staff less than 50)
Askaniya-Nova (Ukrine)
Ekaterinburg (Russia)
Kazan’ (Russia)
Kaunas (Lithuania)
Nikolaev (Ukrine)
Novosibirsk (Russia)
Rostov-Don (Russia)
St.Peterburg (Russia)
Tallinn (Estonia)
Khar’kov (Ukrine)
Moscow (Russia)
Perm’ (Russia)
Sachalin (Russia)
Tula (Russia)
Zelenogorsk (Russia)
Sevastopol (Ukrine)
Habarovsk (Russia)
Yakutsk (Russia)
Research publishing activities
The base for analyses
Scientific Research in Zoological Gardens, Moscow, NN 12-20
Scientific Research in Zoological Gardens, Kharkov, NN 3-4.
Birds of Prey and Owls in Captivity, Moscow, NN 9-15
352 articles from 2000 to 2006 in total
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Survey results
9 Zoos (8 large and one small) have Research Departments.
They are:
Askania-Nova Zoo (Ukrine)
Kharkov Zoo (Ukrine)
Moscow Zoo (Russia)
Novosibirsk Zoo (Russia)
Yakutsk Zoo (Russia)
Kazan Zoo (Russia)
Leningrad Zoo (Russia)
Nikolaev Zoo (Ukrine)
Rostov-Don Zoo (Russia)
61% of surveyed zoos have formal and 89% have informal relationships with universities
or other research/scientific institutions
Relative contribution to scientific activity of different researchers types.
60
50
%
40
Large Zoo
30
Middle Zoo
20
Small Zoo
10
0
Research staff
Other staff
Other
researchers
Students
Others
external
qualified
specialists
in
12%
cooperation
with other
research
institutions
12%
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
zoos staff
only
76%
0
zoos staff only
Questionnaire resalts
external qualified specialists
Publications
The rate of cooperation in scientific publications
Rate
Declared benefits of Zoo’s research activity.
1
0,9
0,8
0,7
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
Large Zoo
Middle Zoo
Small Zoo
Improved
management
Produces
information for
education
programme
Necessary for our Raises our profile
zoo license
as a worthwhile
institution
Other
Priority themes of zoos’ articles
monitoring of
phisiology
2%
methods &
methodology
2%
education
research
projects
2%
review
4%
taxonomic
1%
zoo
architecture
1% animals'
nutrition
5%
research in
the wild
6%
concervation
projects
5%
genetics
1%
veterinary
research
9%
morphology
2%
husbandry
38%
reproductive
biology
11%
behaviour
11%
The research priorities of 14/18 zoos from former USSR
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
Husbandry/animal Animal behaviour
welfare research
Reproductiv
Biology
Large Zoo
Vet Research
Middle Zoo
Conservation
Education
Others
Small Zoo
The rank comparison of formal research priorities and article’s themes
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Husbandry/anim al
w elfare research
Anim al
behaviour
Reproductiv
Biology
Zoos' research prioritets
Vet Research
Conservation
Education
The ranks of articles' themes
Others
The forms of contribution to research.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Making animal
records available
Making biological
samples available
Less than once per annum
6-20 per annum
Allowing
researchers to
carry out their
research
Teaching at
university
Funding research
that is carried out
by third parties
1-5 per annum
More than 20 per annum
Publication of zoo research results
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Peer-review ed
articles in
international
scientific
journals
Peer-review ed
articles in
national
scientific
journals
Non peerreview ed
articles in
national
scientific zoo
issues
Articles in nonOral
Poster
scientific nonpresentations presentations
professional
at professional at professional
m agazines
conferences
conferences
Less than once per annum
1-5 per annum
6-20 per annum
More than 20 per annum
The subjects of zoos research
Fishes
Invertebrates
9%
1%
Amphibians
3%
Mammals
Reptiles
35%
27%
Birds
25%
Moscow Zoo
Research priorities
• Captive animals behavior (including social
interactions, acoustics and environment enrichment)
• Breeding biology (amphibians, reptiles and small
mammals)
• Noninvasive monitoring of physiology
• Diseases of snakes and lizards and veterinary
techniques for reptiles
• Researches for conservation projects
Moscow Zoo, 114
Kharkov Zoo
Research priorities
Moscow
Zoo,
114
Moscow
Zoo,
114
• Husbandry and breeding techniques for
various animal taxa
• Environment enrichment for mammals
• Animals’ nutrition and development of new rations
• Developing of educational methods for zoo visitors
and young biologists
Kharkov
KharkovZoo,
Zoo,43
43
Tula Exotarium
Moscow Zoo, 114
Research priorities
• Reptiles reproductive biology
• The taxonomy of snakes
• Husbandry and breeding of various reptiles species
Kharkov Zoo, 43
Tula Exotarium; 35
Leningrad Zoo (St.Peterburg)
Moscow Zoo, 114
Research priorities
• Animal behaviour
• Breeding biology & ontogenesis
• Education methods
Leningrad Zoo; 21
Kharkov Zoo, 43
Tula Exotarium; 35
Ekaterinburg Zoo
Moscow Zoo, 114
Research priorities
• Husbandry and breeding techniques for
various animal taxa
• Veterinarian research
Ekaterinburg Zoo; 14
Leningrad Zoo; 21
Kharkov Zoo, 43
Tula Exotarium;35
Kazan Zoo
Moscow Zoo, 114
Research priorities
• Breeding biology and
behaviour of bears
• Husbandry of falcons
Kazan Zoo; 12
Ekaterinburg Zoo; 14
Leningrad Zoo; 21
Tula Exotarium; 35
Kharkov Zoo, 43
Askaniya-Nova Zoo
Moscow Zoo, 114
Research priorities
• Genetics
• Adaptations of ungulates to
seminatural conditions
• Behavior of antelopes and
ostriches
Askaniya-Nova Zoo; 9
Kazan Zoo; 12
Ekaterinburg Zoo; 14
Leningrad Zoo; 21
Kharkov Zoo, 43
Tula Exotarium; 35
Kaliningrad Zoo
Moscow Zoo, 114
Research priorities
• Husbandry/animal welfare
• Conservation
• Breeding biology
Kaliningrad Zoo; 8
Askaniya-Nova Zoo; 9
Kazan Zoo; 12
Ekaterinburg Zoo; 14
Leningrad Zoo; 21
Kharkov Zoo, 43
Tula Exotarium; 35
Samara Zoo
Moscow Zoo, 114
Research priorities
• Conservation
• Biotechnology
Samara Zoo; 8
Kaliningrad Zoo; 8
Askaniya-Nova Zoo; 9
Kazan Zoo; 12
Ekaterinburg Zoo; 14
Leningrad Zoo; 21
Kharkov Zoo, 43
Tula Exotarium; 35
Perm Zoo
Research priorities
• Husbandry/animal welfare
Perm Zoo; 7
Samara Zoo; 8
Kaliningrad Zoo; 8
Moscow Zoo, 114
Askaniya-Nova Zoo; 9
Kazan Zoo; 12
Ekaterinburg Zoo; 14
Leningrad Zoo; 21
Tula Exotarium; 35
Kharkov Zoo, 43
Almaty Zoo
Research priorities
• Husbandry/animal welfare
• Morphology
• Conservation
Almaty Zoo; 5
Perm Zoo; 7
Samara Zoo; 8
Kaliningrad Zoo; 8
Askaniya-Nova Zoo; 9
Moscow Zoo, 114
Kazan Zoo; 12
Ekaterinburg Zoo; 14
Leningrad Zoo; 21
Kharkov Zoo, 43
Tula Exotarium; 35
Novosibirsk Zoo
Research priorities
• Conservation
• Breeding biology
• Behaviour
Novosibirsk Zoo; 5
Almaty Zoo; 5
Perm Zoo; 7
Samara Zoo; 8
Kaliningrad Zoo; 8
Moscow Zoo, 114
Askaniya-Nova Zoo; 9
Kazan Zoo; 12
Ekaterinburg Zoo; 14
Leningrad Zoo; 21
Kharkov Zoo, 43
Tula Exotarium; 35
other 13 zoos; 33
Novosibirsk Zoo; 5
Almaty Zoo; 5
Perm Zoo; 7
Samara Zoo; 8
Kaliningrad Zoo; 8
Moscow Zoo, 114
Askaniya-Nova Zoo; 9
Kazan Zoo; 12
Ekaterinburg Zoo; 14
Leningrad Zoo; 21
Kharkov Zoo, 43
Tula Exotarium; 35
Сurrent EARAZA conservation programs:
• Bustards in Eurasia
Kiev Zoo, Moscow Zoo, Novosibirsk Zoo, Penza Zoo,
Alma-Ata Zoo, Tashkent Zoo, Bustards Breeding
Stations in Saratov and Kharkov.
Сurrent EARAZA conservation programs:
• Bustards in Eurasia
• Mountain Ungulates of Eurasia
Moscow Zoo, Novosibirsk Zoo, Tallinn Zoo,
Erevan Zoo, Tashkent Zoo, Alma-Ata Zoo,
Askania-Nova Zoo&Reservation, Praha Zoo,
Breeding Station “Plavecki Petr”(Slovac
Rep.), Institution of Systematic and Ecology
Academy Science.
Carrent EARAZA conservation programs:
• Bustards in Eurasia
• Mountain Ungulates of Eurasia
• The Steller’s Sea Eagle
Moscow Zoo, Moscow State Univercity, Alma-Ata
Zoo, Leningrad Zoo, Novosibirsk Zoo, Rostov-naDonu Zoo, Tallinn Zoo, Kazan Zoo, Brno Zoo,
Homutov Zoo, Nicolaev Zoo, Kishenev Zoo,
Minsk Zoo, The Institute of Nature Conservation
(Russia)
Carrent EARAZA conservation programs:
• Conservation of Bustards in Eurasia
• Mountain Ungulates of Eurasia
• The Steller’s Sea Eagle
• The Siberian Spruce Grouse
Novosibirsk Zoo, Moscow Zoo, Institution of
Systematic and Ecology Academy Science,
local Zoo “Orto-Doidu” Sacha Republic.
Carrent EARAZA conservation programs:
• Bustards in Eurasia
• Mountain Ungulates of Eurasia
• The Steller’s Sea Eagle
• The Siberian Spruce Grouse
• Rare and Endangered Geese of Eurasia
Moscow Zoo, Leningrad Zoo,
Novosibirsk Zoo, Rostov-na-Donu
Zoo, Tallinn Zoo, The Institute of
Nature Conservation (Russia),
Moscow State University
Carrent EARAZA conservation programs:
• Bustards in Eurasia
• Mountain Ungulates of Eurasia
• The Steller’s Sea Eagle
• The Siberian Spruce Grouse
• Rare and Endangered Geese of Eurasia
• Dahly’s Gerbil
Moscow & Erevan Zoos
Carrent EARAZA conservation programs:
• Bustards in Eurasia
• Mountain Ungulates of Eurasia
• The Steller’s Sea Eagle
• The Siberian Spruce Grouse
• Rare and Endangered Geese of Eurasia
• Dahly’s Gerbil
• Crane Conservation in Eurasia
Moscow zoo, Alma-Ata Zoo,
Novosibirsk Zoo, Rostov-na-Donu
Zoo, Tallinn Zoo, Perm Zoo, Riga
Zoo, Okskij State Reserve, Hingan
State Reserve
Publishing activities
-Scientific special periodicals which publish scientific papers
Scientific Research in Zoological Gardens, Moscow, from 1990, NN 1-20
Birds of Prey and Owls in Captivity, Moscow, from 1992, NN 1-15
Scientific Research in Zoological Gardens, Kharkov, Ukraine, from 1992, NN 1- 4.
-Non-scientific special periodicals, which sometimes publish scientific papers
Annual Zoo Reports - zoos from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk
(Russia), Kharkov (Ukraine), Tallinn (Estonia).
EARAZA Informational Issue on the Regional Collections, Moscow, from 1982, NN 1- 25
EARAZA ZIC News, Moscow, from 2002 NN 1- 5
-Non-periodic scientific issues
All papers are in Russian (usually with short English summary) and all of them are not peerreviewed. EARAZA members distributes its issues among all EARAZA-zoos; many of such
materials are available at zoo sites, especially at site of Moscow Zoo – www.MoscowZOO.ru
Methodological activities
MEETINGS AND WORKSHOPS
2005
2005
2004
2004
2004
2004
2003
An International Workshop on Carnivores and Sea Mammals in Zoos and Breeding Stations
An International Workshop on Zoo Animal Nutrition
An International Workshop on Ungulates in Zoos and Breeding Stations, their Husbandry,
Veterinary Care, and Behavioral Studies
The second International EARAZA Workshop on Invertebrates in Zoological Collections
XII International Moscow Veterinary Congress
International Exhibition Forum “ Zoorus”
International Workshop on Veterinary Herpetology
2003
An educational seminar “Applied Primatology Issues”.
2003
Annual Symposium on Veterinary Medicine of Small Domestic Animals
2002
The Workshop for Curators of Ornithology
2002
Education Workshop
2001
Management of Wild Mammals in Captivity
2001
Invertebrates in Zoo Collections
2001
The International Zoo Veterinary Conference
Methodological activities
SOME SPECIAL METHODICAL ISSUES WERE PUBLISHED.
1990 - “Handbook for Captive Animals Behaviour Research” – the only
one book of such kind in Russian. Research Department of Moscow
Zoo. Now we are preparing the revised second edition of this book.
1997 – “Manuals on the work with poison snakes in the Zoo”. Reptiles
Department of Moscow zoo.
2002 – “Education in Zoos (Methodological recommendations)”. Education
Department of Moscow Zoo.
2005 – “The reference source for standards and law provision of Russian
Zoos and Breeding Stations” (prepared by EARAZA ZIC).
Methodological activities
TRANSLATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION FROM FOREIGN SOURCES.
Recently the staff of the Moscow Zoo translated the following documents:
• Amur Leopard Conservation Campaign information package
• Manuals on the husbandry of several rare species
• Summaries of articles published in the Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
• Monthly issues of the ISIS News;
• all WAZA statutory information and the World Zoo and Aquarium
Conservation Strategy.
The Kiev Zoo provided translations of two useful publications.
• A reference book on ideas for behavioral enrichment for zoo animals,
Ed.by Chris Peters.
• Zoo Animal Nutrition. Tables and Guidelines. by Dr. Walter L. Jansen and
BSc Joeke Nijboer
Conclusion: problems and perspectives
•
The lack of any research activity and research staff in many local zoos,
especially in small and middle-size ones. Thought to be due to of the lack
money and specialists .
• Disconnection of most analyzed zoos from the world zoo society
(through language barrier and lack of money for foreign business trips).
•
Poor cooperation with Universities and Academy Institutions.
•
Necessity to increase the level and quality of many zoo researches.
? Research is some additional obligation besides animal keeping and breeding ?
More close cooperation and coordination of researchers and keepers work
Development of interzoos’ connections and zoos cooperation with research
institutions
Thank you for your patience !