Transcript Current and future perspectives on the energy sector in

Current and future
perspectives on the
energy sector in Ireland
Carly Green
Forest Ecosystem Research Group
University College Dublin, Ireland
Outline
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Current Energy Market
Indigenous Energy Resources
Future options for peatlands in Ireland
Renewable Energy in Ireland
Irish and European Policy
Current and Future use of Biomass for
Energy
Irish Energy Sector
Total energy requirement in 2001 was
14Mtoe
Total Primary Energy Requirement by Sector
(2001)
Residential
Transport
26%
30%
Total Primary Energy Requirement by Fuel
(2001)
Natural Gas
21%
Hyro 0.3%
Commercial
17%
Industry
24%
Agrcultural
3%
Oil
58%
Coal
14%
Other
renewables
1.4%
Peat
6%
Source: Sustainable Energy Ireland, 2002
Indigenous Energy
Resources
86% of the total (electricity, heat and
transport) energy requirements are imported
Imported Fuels
(2001)
Indigenous Fuels
(2001)
Renewables
Gas
21%
14%
Gas
37%
Oil
63%
Coal
16%
Peat
49%
Source: Sustainable Energy Ireland, 2002
Area and Types of Peat
Area (ha)
1,177,000
% of Total
Land Area
18%
306,000
4.7%
Blanket Bog
776,800
12%
Fen
94,000
1.5%
Total Peatland
Area
Raised Bogs
Area and Types of Peat
Area (ha)
1,177,000
% of Total
Land Area
18%
306,000
4.7%
Blanket Bog
776,800
12%
Fen
94,000
1.5%
Total Peatland
Area
Raised Bog
How “raised bogs” are
formed
7000BC
500BC
1500BC
500AD
Source: Irish Peatland Conservation Council
www.ipcc.ie
1000BC
Peat Map
Peat for Energy
• Hand cut for
domestic heating
• Small scale
mechanical harvesting
• 65000 t/yr
Peat Industry
• Bord na Mona (Turf Board) est. 1949
– Owns 80,000ha (7%)
– 40,000ha under production
– 12,000ha in post production
• Harvests 4 million tonnes annually for
electrcity production
Modern Fuel Supply
Pictures courtesy of Bord na Mona
Ditching
Ridging
Harrowing
Harvesting
Modern Fuel Supply
Pictures courtesy of Bord na Mona
Mounding
Loading
Tippler
Generating
Life expectancy of resource
• Harvest removes 10cm per year
• Estimated 15 – 20 years productive life
Potential after uses of
peatlands
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Wetlands 42%
Afforestation 22%
Agriculture 30%
Conserved 6%
• Renewable Energy Options
Wetlands
Picture courtesy of Charlie Shier, Bord na Mona
Wetlands
Pictures courtesy of David Wilson, FERG
Afforestation
Photos courtesy of Florence Renou, FERG
Carly Green:
Successful
No demand
Deep ploughing
mixing technique
Agriculture
Renewable Energy Options
• 21 turbines with capacity 45MW
Co.Mayo
• Trials undertaken in 1980s of broadleaf
coppice
• Naturally regenerated or single stem
energy crops
Renewables in Ireland
• 2001 contributed 2% to the TER
Proportion by sector of Renewable contribution
(2001)
Biogas
Wind 7%
8%
Hydro
21%
Biomass
64%
Source: Sustainable Energy Ireland, 2002
European Policy
EU White Paper (1997)
• By 2010 Ireland must supply 13.2% of national
electricity consumption from renewable
sources
• Government believes target is achievable
• 9-12% contribution by renewables by 2005
Irish Policy
Green Paper on Sustainable Energy
(Dept of Enterprise 1999)
• Alternative Energy Requirement
Programme
– Target: 500MW increase in electricity
generated from renewables (2000 – 2005)
– Focus on electricity
– Upfront payment options for investors
Irish Policy
Alternative Energy Requirement
programme
Irish Policy
Alternative Energy Requirement
programme (AERVI)
• Addition of
– Biomass (anaerobic digestion and
landfill gas)
– Biomass CHP plants
– Off shore wind
Irish Policy
Alternative Energy Requirement programme
(AERVI)
• Biomass
- Landfill gas 8MW
- Anaerobic digestion 2MW
• CHP 28MW
Climate Change
National Climate Change Strategy
Department of Environment and Local
Government, 2000
• Irelands Kyoto Target is 13% above
1990 emissions
– Current estimates indicate 37% above
1990
• Promotes renewables and foresees
them being responsible for reducing
1MtCO2eq of the 13MtCO2eq required
Policy Outcomes
• SEI
– Renewable Energy Information Office
– Renewable Energy RD&D Programme
• COFORD
– Funded research
– Community awareness on wood energy
• EPA and Department of Communications,
Marine and Natural Resources
– Research on centralised anerobic digestion and
short rotation coppice
Potential
Practical Potential of Bioenergy generation in 2000
Resource
Practical Potential in 2000 (MW)
Short rotation forestry
2119
Wood Industry Residues
159
Forestry Residues
43
Agricultural Solid Waste
38
Landfill gas
18
Agricultural waste biogas
7
Sewerage sludge biogas
1
Source: Irish Electricity Supply Board, 1997
Potential
• Potentially 50% of the current total
electricity generation capacity could be
met by biomass.
• Long term renewables can practically
provide 25% of total energy requirement
Cost of renewables in
Ireland
• Competitive price 4.79c/kWh (7.9c/kWh)
Resource
Price (c/kWh)
Biomass
7 (11.6)
Hydro
7 (11.6)
Landfill Gas
6.4 (10.6)
Wind
5.5 (9.1)
Source: Sustainable Energy Ireland, 2002
Bioenergy Projects
Irish Forest
Cover Map
Commercial
• CHP plant in Co. Cork
• Wood pellet heating
project Co. Laois
Trial/Research
• Co-firing sawmill residue
and MBM at Edenderry
Power
CHP Plant Enniskeane
Co. Cork
• Collaboration between Grainger Saw
Mills and SWS, part funded by SEI
• €8million wood fired CHP plant
• Produces 2MW surplus green energy
supplied to the grid
Wood Pellets
• Commercial heating with wood pellets
Co. Laois Sawmills
• Wood pellet stove distributor and pellet
importer
Whats Needed
• Improved access to grid for smaller
projects
• Promotion of bioenergy for heating
• More demonstration projects
• Monitored results, technical information
and support
• Develop fuel supply systems
• Carbon Tax and Carbon Trading by
2004
Thank You
[email protected]
www.ucd.ie/ferg
www.sei.ie
www.ucd.ie/ferg
CONTACTS
FERG Director
Prof. Edward P. Farrell
[email protected]
Peatland Forestry
Florence Renou
BOGFOR Project Manager
[email protected]
Minna Pollanen
[email protected]
Wetland Ecosystems
David Wilson
[email protected]
Bioenergy and Carbon Accounting
Dr Kenneth A. Byrne
[email protected]
Carly Green
[email protected]
Gustavio Saiz
[email protected]