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CONDENSATION
Chapter 17
Test 4 material
End
CLOUDS ARE THE VISIBLE PRODUCTS
OF CONDENSATION AND DEPOSITION
WITHIN THE ATMOSPHERE.
 WE NEED A NUCLEI AS A SURFACE FOR
CONDENSATION TO TAKE PLACE

CONDENSATION NUCLEI
FOREST FIRES
 VOLCANOES
 WIND EROSION
 SEA WAVES
 POLLEN
 CHIMNEY SMOKE

CLOUDS
ARE VISIBLE EVIDENCE OF MOISTURE
WITHIN THE ATMOSPHERE
 CLASSIFIED BY THEIR APPEARANCE
AND THEIR ALTITUDE ABOVE THE
SURFACE

BY APPEARANCE
CIRRUS OR CIRRO = FEATHERY
 STRATUS OR STRATO = LAYERED
 CUMULUS OR CUMULO = PUFFY
 NIMBO OR NIMBUS = RAIN
 FRACTO OR FRACTUS = BROKEN

HIGH CLOUDS
FOUND AT ALTITUDES ABOVE 20,000
FEET
 TEMPERATURES ARE SO LOW THAT
CLOUDS ARE COMPOSED SOLELY OF
ICE CRYSTALS
 PREFIX CIRRO DENOTES HIGH CLOUD

TYPES OF HIGH CLOUDS

CIRRUS - ALSO CALLED MARE’S TAILS
BECAUSE THEY LOOK LIKE STRANDS
OF HORSE HAIR
HIGH CLOUD
CIRROSTRATUS - ARE NEARLY
TRANSPARENT SO THAT SUN OR
MOON SHINES THROUGH
 OFTEN SEE HALO AROUND THEM
WHICH CAN BE PREDICTOR OF RAIN
BECAUSE THESE ARE CLOUDS SEEN
PRECEDING A WARM FRONT

CIRROSTATUS
HIGH CLOUD
CIRROCUMULUS - CONSIST OF SMALL
WHITE PUFFS ARRANGED IN A
WAVELIKE PATTERN
 CALLED A MACKERAL SKY BECAUSE IT
LOOKS SIMILAR TO FISH SCALES

MIDDLE CLOUDS
HAVE A BASE BETWEEN 6,500 TO
20,000 FEET ABOVE THE SURFACE
 COMPOSED OF ICE CRYSTALS OR
SUPERCOOLED WATER DROPLETS OR
BOTH
 PREFIX ALTO IS USED TO DENOTE
MIDDLE CLOUD

MIDDLE CLOUDS
ALTO STRATUS - UNIFORMLY GRAY OR
WHITE AND USUALLY SO THICK THAT
SUN IS DIMLY VISIBLE (SAID TO LOOK
LIKE FROSTED GLASS)
 CAN DISTINGUISH THESE FROM CIRRO
STRATUS (SHADOW ON GROUND)
BECAUSE THERE WOULD BE NO
SHADOW

MIDDLE CLOUDS

ALTOCUMULUS - CONSIST OF PATCHES
THAT FORM LINES OR WAVES

HAVE LARGER SIZE AND SHARPER
FEATURES THAN CIRROCUMULUS
LOW CLOUDS
HAVE BASES FROM THE EARTH
SURFACE (FOG) TO 6,500 FEET ABOVE
SURFACE
 COMPOSED OF WATER DROPLETS
 NO PREFIX DESIGNATION

LOW CLOUDS

STRATOCUMULUS - CONSIST OF
LARGE PUFFS ARRANGED IN LAYERS

NIMBOSTRATUS - DARK GRAY CLOUDS
THAT GO FROM HORIZON TO
HORIZON AND CONTAIN
PRECIPITATION
LOW CLOUDS

STRATUS - OCCUR AS A UNIFORM
GRAY LAYER THAT STRECHES FROM
HORIZON TO HORIZON

MAY GET DRIZZLE FROM THESE
CLOUDS
FOGS
ADVECTION - WARM MOIST AIR OVER
A WATER SURFACE BLOWS OVER A
COOLER LAND SURFACE (ALSO KNOWN
AS COASTAL FOG)
 RADIATION - DUE TO NIGHT-TIME
RADIATIONAL COOLING. FOUND IN
LOW-LYING AREAS AND BURNS OFF BY
AM

Advection fog
Radiation fog
FOGS
FRONTAL - DUE TO UPLIFTING OF AIR
ALONG THE PASSAGE OF FRONTS.
CAN BE WIDESPREAD AND LONG
LASTING.
 UPSLOPE - OCCURS AS AIR MOVES UP
A SLOPE. SMOKEY MOUNTAINS

Upslope fog
FOGS

STEAM - ALSO KNOWN AS
EVAPORATION FOG. FOUND OVER
WATERBODIES IN FALL OR EARLY
WINTER AS WATER TEMPERATURE IS
HIGHER THAN SURFACE AIR
TEMPERATURES
Steam fog
CLOUDS OF VERTICAL
DEVELOPMENT
CUMULUS - OCCURS AS AIR RISES
VERTICALLY TO ABOUT 3000-6500
FEET.
 RESEMBLE PUFFS OR COTTON BALLS
 CAN GO THROUGH STAGES OF
VERTICAL DEVELOPMENT AS
UNSTABLE AIR RISES
 CUMULONIMBUS

UNUSUAL CLOUDS
ALTOCUMULUS LENTICULARIS - ALSO
KNOWN AS LENTICULAR CLOUD AND
FOUND NEAR MOUNTAIN RANGES.
 BANNER - DRAPED OVER THE TOP OF
MOUNTAIN LIKE A FLAG
 CONTRAIL

TYPES OF PRECIPITATION
VIRGA
 MIST
 DRIZZLE - STRATUS
 RAIN - NIMBOSTRATUS OR
CUMULONIMBUS
 FREEZING RAIN (GLAZE)

VIRGA
SLEET
 SNOW
 HAIL

HOW DOES IT RAIN?
COLLISION-COALESCENCE
 BERGERON PROCESS

Rain
SNOW








HEXAGONAL
NEEDLES
DENDRITES
PLATES
COLUMNS
SIZE DEPENDS UPON TEMPERATURE
TOO COLD OR TOO WARM?
10 INCHES SNOW= 1 INCH RAIN
HAIL
RANGE IN SIZE FROM A PEA TO AS
LARGE AS A GRAPEFRUIT
 2 POUNDS AND AS LARGE AS A
SOFTBALL
 SOMETIMES USE SNOWPLOWS TO
CLEAR HAIL FROM HIGHWAYS (18
INCHES OF HAIL) IN GREAT PLAINS

GIANT HAIL STONE
WEATHER MODIFICATION
ANY CHANGE IN WEATHER THAT IS
INDUCED BY HUMAN ACTIVITY
 MAY BE EITHER INTENTIONAL OR
INADVERTENT

CLOUD SEEDING

TRY TO SIMULATE THE BERGERON
PROCESS BY INJECTING NUCLEATING
AGENTS SUCH AS SILVER IODIDE INTO
CLOUDS
FOG DISPERSAL
USED TO BURN OFF FOG IN WORLD
WAR II BY ROYAL AIR FORCE (RAF)
ALONG RUNWAYS
 MAY ALSO SEED CLOUDS TO GET RAIN
WHICH WASHES AWAY FOG

HAIL SUPPRESSION
CHURCH BELLS
 HAIL CANNONS
 ROCKETS
 CLOUD SEEDING
 NOT VERY SUCCESSFUL

FROST AND FREEZE
CONTROL
WHERE CROPS ARE PLANTED
 SMOKE OR MIST CLOUDS
 FANS
 BURNERS
 SPRAYING MIST
 HOT CAPS

TEST 4 REVIEW

Stop fall 2008
TRUE ABOUT OZONE
IT IS A TRACE ELEMENT IN OUR AIR
 CONCENTRATED IN MESOSPHERE
 EASY FOR US TO BREATH IT
 LAYER OF OVER 100 FEET THICK


TRACE ELEMENT
32 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT =
? DEGREES CELSIUS
251
 32
0
 -40


0
HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT MEANS
HEATS UP QUICKLY
 LOSES HEAT QUICKLY
 HOLDS HEAT LONGER
 NONE OF THESE


HOLDS HEAT LONGER
PRODUCES HALO AROUND
SUN OR MOON
CIRROSTRATUS
 ALTOCUMULUS
 STRATOCUMULUS
 ALTOSTRATUS


CIRROSTRATUS
DUE TO NIGHT TIME
RADIATIONAL COOLING
ADVECTION FOG
 RADIATION FOG
 FRONTAL FOG
 STEAM FOG


RADIATION FOG
CLOUD WITH HIGHEST
CLOUD BASE
STRATUS
 CUMULONIMBUS
 ALTOCUMULUS
 CIRRUS


CIRRUS
USE DALR – IF SURFACE
TEMP = 30 - ? AT 2000M
25
 20
 10
7


10
CALULATE CDD’S IF HI=95 &
LOW = 85
35
 25
 15
0


25
EVAPORATION FROM WATER
BODIES IS:
GREATER THAN THAT FROM LAND
 LESS THAN THAT FROM LAND
 EQUAL TO THAT FROM LAND
 NONE OF THESE


GREATER THAN