Transcript Immigration - Licking Heights School District

Immigration
American Studies
Before Civil War

“Old Immigrants” from Western Europe
 Ireland:
The Great Potato Famine 1845-1852
After 1865

After the Civil War: “New Immigrants” from Eastern
Europe, Italy, Austria, Russia and Scandinavian
countries
 Settle



in cities or explore western frontier
On west coast: From Asian countries
More immigrants coming to the US than ever before
Most come through Ellis Island in NYC
http://www.history.com/topics/
ellis-island/videos#detainedat-ellis-island
http://www.history.com/topics/ellisisland/videos#hurdles-to-citizenship-onellis-island
Reasons for Immigration

Push Factors: Reasons to leave their home country
Poverty: Not enough jobs
 High inflation: Food is expensive
 Religious and Political discrimination or persecution
 Europe: Crowded with very little land to purchase


Pull Factors: Reasons to come to the United States
Many jobs in new factories
 Growing economy
 Religious and Political freedom
 Lots of land to settle and farm out West

Practice Question

What factor contributed to the migration of large
numbers of people from Europe to the US in the late
1800s?
 A.
The US needed people to colonize the overseas
territories it had recently acquired
 B. European social reform movements wanted to spread
their beliefs to the US
 C. Economic prosperity in Europe allowed people to
purchase land in the US
 D. Industrialization in the US attracted laborers from
Europe
European Immigrants: Italians

Italians leave due to poverty
 Most
of income spent on food
 Divided land among family-not enough to make a
profit off crops


Promise of success in US
Lack of democracy in Italy
 Few
had the right to vote
Russians and Jews


Jews in Russia were persecuted
Come to US for religious freedom
 Bring

Eastern Orthodox and Jewish religion to US
In late 1800s: NYC had the largest Jewish
population in the world
Recruitment Campaigns


Representatives go to Europe to promote idea of
immigrating to the US with the American Dream
Give impression that anyone can become rich in a
few years
 Railroad
companies selling land
in the west
 Steamships seeking passengers
offer cheap tickets (as low as $25)
Practice Question

Many people from the region of Southern and
Eastern Europe, such as Italians and Russians,
immigrated to the United States between the Civil
War and WWI. Identify two factors in their home
region and two factors in America that led them to
move to the United States?
 Short
Answer (4 bullet points)
Asian Immigrants

Most Asian immigrants settle on west coast
 Bring

California Gold Rush in starts in1849
 Hope

Eastern culture: Very different from Western
to get rich then go home
Work on Central Pacific Railroad: dangerous and
many die building in mountains
Practice Question

Religious diversity in the US started to increase in
the late 19th century. One factor that has
contributed to this increase has been an increase in:
 A.
Emigration to Africa
 B. Immigration from Asia
 C. Immigration from Australia
 D. Emigration to South America
Immigrant Life in the US

More jobs in US cause of Industrialization
 Europeans

come expecting better pay = not true
Ghettos: A neighborhood where one ethnicity lives
 Try
to preserve culture: language, religious beliefs,
customs, clothes, food, music, dance
Practice Question

Many immigrants that came into America lacked the
knowledge of US cultures, especially language.
When immigrants arrived they move into ghettos to
feel more at home. What are ghettos?
 A.
Rundown neighborhoods plagued with crime.
 B. Area right outside the cities where the poor or
middle class lived.
 C. A neighborhood where one ethnicity would live.
 D. A neighborhood that was established in their old
country.
Americanization

Try to learn English and be “American”
 Schools
only teach in English
 Change names to fit in or make easier to spell
 Only teach American history
 Teach beliefs of the dominant culture
Reactions to Immigrants

Foreign-Born: Immigrant families
“Native-Born”: Ancestors came to America
generations ago-born here

Dominant Group determines culture:

 Rugged
Individualism: Responsibility and work ethic
 White Superiority over all other races
 Western Culture (English/Protestant) is the best for
everyone
Debate: Which is best?

Total Assimilation: Minority learns/adopts customs of
Dominant culture
 Americanized
completely, get rid of foreign customs,
speak English

Melting Pot Theory: All cultures gradually blend into
one superior American culture
 Take

best from each, English as common language
Cultural Pluralism: All cultures respected/valued
individually
 Practice
own customs while fitting into society; English
speaking is not superior
Practice Question

During the late 19th century many immigrants faced
discrimination and were forced to adapt the new
culture. In American there were three different ideas
on how immigrants should inherit the new American
culture. The idea that all cultures should blend
together but English remains the dominant language
is called:
 A.
Assimilation
 B. Americanization
 C. Cultural Pluralism
 D. Melting Pot Theory
Nativist Opposition


Nativists: Believes foreigners are a threat to the
dominant culture and should be stopped from
entering the country
Reasons for hatred:
 Economic:
Taking jobs and replacing workers
 Cultural: Protect from foreign influence on culture and
religion
 Psychological: Desire to feel superior, fear those who are
different
 Political: Fear immigrants are connected to radical
anarchist movements
Anti-Immigrant Sentiment

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Asian immigrants were met with more hostility
Thought to be taking too many jobs in west
Chinese often work as replacement labor-increases
resentment
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882): Halt all future
immigration and keep them from becoming US
citizens
 Quota:
A set number of immigrants allowed in (small %)
Exclusion Acts


Riots breakout in West over “yellow peril”
Gentlemen’s Agreement: Teddy Roosevelt stops
Japanese segregation in school
 In
return Japanese stop new immigrants from coming to US
Nativist Response



Literacy Tests: Disqualified for immigration if they
can’t read/write in any language
Emergency Quota Act of 1921
Quota Act of 1924: Limits # of immigrants coming
from all countries
 Drastically
reduces
immigrants until WWII
Immigration Today

Total estimated unauthorized adult immigrant population in
2011: 9.9 million


Total working: 6.4 million
Total who are English Proficient: 2.9 million


1.8 million don’t speak English at all
Policy in the US: Difficult to legally become a citizen


90 day visitor pass or Visa, then Green Card (LPR)
Takes 6 months to get your application reviewed to become a
legal resident



Lack of official documents
If you have money or education or join the military, you’re more likely
to be granted citizenship
The process to become a full citizen can take 5 months to 2 years
Immigrant Demographic

Legal Permanent Residents: 1.1 million in 2012
429,000 from Asia
 107,000 from Africa
 146,000 from Mexico



Majority settle in California, New York and Florida
Naturalized Citizens: Legal Residents for 5 years or
married to a resident for 3 years
Dual Citizenship: Only by birthright, otherwise it’s renounced
 If you are born in US citizen you are automatically a citizen
 If your parent was born in the US you are a citizen
 Deferred Action for children brought to US illegally


If they stay in school they can apply to become citizens at 18
Immigration Today



What should our immigration policy be?
Should it be the same toward all countries or should
we limit some?
What should be the requirements to become a
citizen?
 Free
trade agreement with Mexico
 State Laws: Arizona and border patrol
 European Union: Open borders and shared economy
 Making friends or enemies?
 Immigrants of Middle Eastern decent