Riverside County Preschool Plan Advisory Group

Susan Muenchow Jennifer Anthony Irene Lam Karen Manship

October 17, 2007

Outcomes for the Day!

    Update on process so far  Meetings, interviews, and teleconferences with Needs Assessment and Budget Subcommittees Review findings on:   Criteria for Phase In Criteria for Program Quality   Cost of New & Upgraded Slots 4 Potential Scenarios Discuss possible approaches based on findings Determine next steps

Considerations for Phasing In Preschool in Riverside County

   Need:    14 districts had >25% API 1-3 k enrollment in at least one zip 5 districts had >50% ELL in at least one zip 12 districts had an ECE enrollment rate <45% (countywide average) Capacity (Existing Revenue/Facilities)    4 school districts obtained AB172 funds 6 districts reserved Title I funds for preschool At least 7 districts received First 5 School Readiness Funds Facilities  Several districts have plans for new or expanded facilities

Number of Ks Enrolled in Low API – Western Part of County

Number of Ks Enrolled in Low API – Eastern Part of County

Benefits for Disadvantaged Children

 Preschool children who participated in part-day, school year Chicago Child-Parent Centers (CPC)*:  Received higher average scores on reading and math tests during elementary school than children who didn’t participate in the program.

 Were nearly half as likely to be placed in special education as non-CPC participants.

 Economic return of $7 for every dollar invested.

*Source: Reynolds, A.J., Temple, J. Robertston, D.L., & Mann, E. (2000).

Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence Long-Term Benefits of Participation in the Title I Chicago Child-Parent Centers. Paper presented at the

. Chicago, IL: March 30, 2000.

Benefits for Disadvantaged Children in Chicago Parent-Child Centers 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Children Who Attend Preschool Fare Better

14% 25% 23% 38% 7% 35% 15% 32% 66% 45% Special Education Placements Grade Retention Multiple Arrests

Preschool Participants

Welfare Dependency High School Graduation

Non-Preschool Participants

Benefits for ALL Children

  All socio-economic groups in Oklahoma Pre-K Program experienced gains  Free-lunch students on all 3 tests  Reduced-price lunch & full-pay lunch students on 2 tests All racial & economic groups experienced gains   Latino & African-American students on all 3 tests White & Native American students on 2 tests *Source: Gormley, Jr., W., Gayer, T., Phillips, D. & Dawson, B. (2004).

The Effects of Oklahoma’s Universal Pre-K Program on School Readiness

. Georgetown University Center for Research on Children in the U.S.

Projected Long-Term Benefits of Preschool for

All

Children in California 

A 1-year high-quality universal preschool program in California will result in long-term savings of $2.62 for every dollar invested:

 Reduced grade retention     Reduced use of special education Increase in high school graduates Reduced child maltreatment Reduced juvenile crime

Source: Rand Corporation Study, 2005

Outcomes Depend Upon Quality  

Only high quality programs have been found to produce these effects Programs found to have large effects meet or exceed NIEER quality benchmarks

NIEER Quality Benchmarks           Comprehensive early learning standards Teacher has a BA Teacher has specialized training in pre-K Assistant teacher has CDE (at least) At least 15 clock hours/year of in-service Maximum class size 20 or lower Staff-child ratio 1:10 or better Vision, hearing, health screening/referral & family support At least 1 meal/day provided Site visits conducted

Program Quality Criteria – Recommendations from NIEER and First 5

Program Characteristic Maximum class size Staff-child ratio Teacher degree Assistant teacher degree NIEER Benchmark for Preschool Programs

<20 At least 1:10 BA CDA credential or equivalent

First 5 California PFA Demonstration Grant Criteria

20 for four-year olds, or 24 (depending on staff/child ratio) 3:24 or 2:20 Master teacher with BA & 24 ECE units within 5 years & ECE credential within 10 yrs AA degree

Other Movement Toward Increased Educational Qualifications

Program Characteristic Maximum class size Staff-child ratio Teacher degree Assistant teacher degree NAEYC Accreditation Criteria for Preschool Programs

<20 for 4-year-olds <18 for 3-year-olds At least 1:10 for 4-year-olds At least 1:9 for 3-year-olds AA, with 75% with BAs by 2020 50% have CDA credential or equivalent, or 100% enrolled in program to attain CDA or equivalent

Head Start Reauthorization Proposed Program Requirements

<20 At least 1:10 50% in program have BA by 2011 Have a least a CDA and working toward an AA or bachelor’s degree

Cost Estimate Assumptions



First 5 California PFA Demonstration Grant criteria:

Minimum of 3 hours/day of services for school year  Mixed Delivery System     Build on Existing State Preschool, Head Start & other publicly & privately funded settings Staff-child ratio of 3:24 or 2:20 Master teacher with BA & 24 ECE units within 5 years & ECE credential within 10 years Assistant teacher with AA degree   Compensation for BA level teacher comparable to that of public school teachers Teachers teach two sessions

Countywide & School District Cost Estimates

      Countywide Total cost calculated at full implementation (i.e., all school district attendance areas, with no phase-in) 80% participation rate   API 1-3 School Attendance Area Phase in by Year 5 80% Participation Rate   API 1-5 School Attendance Area Phase in by Year 5 80% Participation Rate Sample School District Attendance Areas (Large, Medium & Small)

Upgraded & New Spaces

 Direct costs based on beginning public K-12 teacher salaries  Annual cost of an upgraded space = $1,935  Annual cost of a full space = $5,754  Cost of new space in Riverside = virtually same as statewide cost identified by AIR and RAND

Scenario I. Countywide – All districts, 80% participation

 Cost at full implementation  $88 million for 21,434 children  Upgraded spaces = 6,789  Spaces that already meet standards = 1,608  New or full-cost spaces = 13,037

Scenario II. All low API 1-5, 80% participation

Year

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

Phase in API 1-5

$8,082,096 $17,174,454

Inflation Adjusted (@3%)

$8,082,096 $17,689,688

No. of low API (1-5) children served No. of upgraded slots No. of full cost slots No of slots that already meet PFA (special education slots)

3,096 5,396 820 1,640 1,480 2,960 796 796 $27,277,074 $28,938,248 $38,389,956 $41,949,741

$50,164,689

$56,460,800 7,696 9,996 12,208 2,460 3,280 4,060 4,440 5,920 7,353 796 796 796

Scenario III. All low API 1-3, 80% participation

Year

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

Phase in API 1-3

$4,640,688 $9,861,462 $15,662,322 $22,043,268

$28,684,455 Inflation Adjusted (@3%) No. of low API (1-3) children served No. of upgraded slots No. of full cost slots No. of slots that already met PFA (special education slots)

$4,640,688 $10,157,306 $16,616,157 $24,087,274 $32,284,607 1,769 3,109 4,449 5,789 7,060 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,480 840 1,680 2,520 3,360 4,151 429 429 429 429 429

Scenario IV. 5-Year Phase-in for Sample Districts

District

Small District Medium District #

of 4 year olds (at 80% participation) with annual 4% population growth

#

of upgraded slots

#

of slots that already meet PFA standards (special education)

#

of full cost slots

89 1589 61 541 2 57 60 1000 Large District A Large District B 1198 1887 163 468 86 60 958 1380

Total

123 1598 1207 1908

5-Year Phase-in for Sample Districts: Cost Estimates

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

Small District Medium District $124,572 $237,081 $258,558 $453,970

$586,863

$1,198,464 $2,623,138 $4,291,145 $6,365,809

$8,615,094

Large District A $1,079,268 $2,357,166 $3,743,395 $5,505,231

$7,382,654

Large District B $1,443,696 $3,159,890 $5,169,208 $7,718,240

$11,205,975

Factoring in Wraparound Care

Need for Wraparound care in Riverside County

 According to 2005 Resource & Referral Network, 90% of parents who called for referrals requested full-time care  48% of children under 6 have both parents (or a single parent) in the labor force

Sacramento County’s Bridging Model in Elk Grove Unified (EGUSD)    Pilot in existing child care settings.

Credentialed preschool teacher teams with staff in licensed child care centers & family child care homes to provide preschool services.

Each Preschool Bridging Model classroom will also be supported by a Professional Development Coach.

Coach assists the teaching staff through observation, accommodations & mentoring.

Source: www.sackids.saccounty.net/coswcms/groups/public/@pub/@wcm/documents/webcontent/sac _007522.pdf

Sacramento County’s Bridging Model in Elk Grove Unified (EGUSD) – (cont’d) 

Preschool Bridging services include:

 3-hour preschool program, 5 days per week;  Mentoring of classroom staff or family child care provider;  Child assessment and referral; and  Kindergarten Transition planning.

Source: www.sackids.saccounty.net/coswcms/groups/public/@pub/@wcm /documents/webcontent/sac_007522.pdf

Sacramento County’s Bridging Model (cont’d) 

Expenditure per child?

 About the same as new part-day preschool slot in a center setting, but advantage of offering full-day service  Substantially more expensive in a family child care setting Source: www.sackids.saccounty.net/coswcms/groups/public/@pub/@wcm /documents/webcontent/sac_007522.pdf

Action For Children’s License-Exempt Quality Enhancement (LEQE) Initiative in Illinois   Approximately 70% of Illinois children in childcare are in license-exempt homes. In LEQE:  Care & education are linked across settings   3-5 year old children are taken to a part-day State PreK classroom 4 days/week 5th day – teachers visit FFN home w/ books & activities Funded by State PreK @ $3k per child  FFN providers receive full day child care assistance payments

Leveraging Revenue

Cost of four scenarios

 Countywide:  All children: $88.1 million  Targeted:  API 1-3: $28.7 million  API 1-5: $50.1 million  Sample school district attendance areas:  Large districts: $7.3-$11.2 million  Medium district: $8.6 million  Small district: $586,000

Three Potential Revenue Sources

 Title I  AB172 (or similar state legislation)  Parent/User Fees

Title I

 May be used for:  Any child in a Title 1 school   Children above income level for other subsidized programs Comprehensive services not funded by other programs such as State Preschool   Both school-based and community-based settings Developmental screenings   Professional development for teachers working with young children at risk of school failure Renting or leasing privately owned buildings

Allocating Title I

 May be used for early education, from birth through kindergarten  School District receives allocation from state & can reserve % for preschool  Local elementary school can reserve a portion of its allocation for preschool

School districts in Riverside County reserving Title I dollars for preschool

School District

Beaumont Unified Desert Sands Unified Jurupa Unified Lake Elsinore Unified Palm Springs Unified Palo Verde Unified

TOTAL Title I Allocation, FY2005

$1,148,737 $6,759,373 $6,385,927 $3,511,078 $6,871,357 $1,558,256

$26,234,728 Title I Preschool Allocations, 2005

$12,067

Percent Allocated to Preschool

1.05% $50,000 $160,000 0.74% 2.51% $10,000 $330,000 $20,000

$582,067

0.28%

4.80%

1.28%

Title I funds for preschool

   What if all school districts in Riverside county allocated 4.8% of their Title I allocation to preschool, as Palm Springs does?

  $4 million countywide $3.7 million in API 1-3 attendance areas What if all school districts allocated 10%, as in Merced?

  $8.3 million countywide $7.8 million in API 1-3 attendance areas These funds could support additional quality upgrades or improved access

State Preschool & Family Literacy (AB 172) Awards – Total of $2,050,300 in Riverside County

Part Day AB172 Awards in Riverside County Riverside County Superintendent of Schools, $170,520.00, 8% Val Verde Unified School District, $312,620.00, 15% Desert Sands Unified School District, $170,520.00, 8% Family Service Association, $643,104.00, 32% Mt. San Jacinto Community College, $175,392.00, 9% Lake Elsinore Unified School District, $350,784.00, 17% Hemet Unified School District, $227,360.00, 11%

Riverside County AB172 Awards

Part Day

Thousand Palms Child Care Center Desert Sands Unified School District Riverside County Superintendent of Schools Mt. San Jacinto Community College Hemet Unified School District Val Verde Unified School District Lake Elsinore Unified School District Family Service Association

Full Day

Thousand Palms Child Care Center

TOTAL

$87,696 $170,520 $170,520 $175,392 $227,360 $3112,620 $350,784 $643,104 $109,626

$2,247,622

AB172 funds for preschool

 What if Riverside is allocated three times as much in AB172 funds next year?

 $6.7 million countywide

Governor’s New Recommendations???

 Potential priorities under discussion…  Focus expansion on Title 1 school attendance areas  Focus expansion on children eligible for free and reduced price lunch  Focus on children currently eligible for State Preschool

Parent fees – Los Angeles model

 Los Angeles Universal Preschool parent fee schedule:

Median Income up to:

$26,742 $31,885 $37,542 $45,000 $53,484 $60,000 $75,000 $100,000 $125,000 $150,000 $200,000 200,001+

Parent Pays (per Year)

$0 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $600 $900 $1,500 $2,500 $3,000 $3,500

Monthly PIF

$0 $8.33

$16.67

$25 $33.33

$41.67

$50 $75 $125 $208.33

$250 $291.66

Parent fees – Nuview School District Model

 Charges $10 fee per day for families not eligible for State Preschool or Head Start  =$1800 annual flat fee for all parents over income threshold

Parent fees- revenue estimate assumptions

 Low API neighborhoods: LAUP collected approximately $700,000 in parent fees last year for just over 6,500 children, for preschool programs targeted to higher poverty areas = approximately $100 per child annually  Countywide: An estimated 57% of parents are over the income eligibility level for State Preschool; thus 43% might pay $1800 annual fee (Nuview model).

 Countywide alternative: Parents over threshold pay full annual reimbursement rate for State Preschool ($3,714) on AVERAGE (sliding scale still recommended)

Parent fees for preschool

 $100 average annual parent fee in low API attendance areas:   $760,000 in API 1-3 $1.2 million in API 1-5  $1800 annual parent fee for parents over income threshold, countywide:  $16.6 million  $3714 annual average parent fee for parents over threshold, countywide:  $34.2 million

Impact of All Revenue Sources: Countywide

Scenario I- Serving entire county: Total cost $88.1 million 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% $60.8 million $56.5 million Title I set aside at 4.8% Title I set aside at 10% AB172 Title I Parent fees ($1800) Remaining cost

Impact of All Revenue Sources: API 1-5

Scenario II- Serving API 1-5: Total cost $50.1 million 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% $38.2 million $33.9 million Title I set aside at 4.8% AB172 Title I Title I set aside at 10% Parent fees ($1800) Remaining cost

Impact of All Revenue Sources: API 1-3

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Scenario III- Serving API 1-3: Total cost $28.7 million $17.5 million $13.5 million Title I set aside at 4.8% Title I set aside at 10% AB172 Title I Parent fees ($1800) Remaining cost

Other issues

 Preliminary Facilities estimate (new facilities only):  At least $71.3 million  Workforce Development:  TBD

Next Steps

 Additional guidance on criteria for recommendations, final report and advocacy.

 Questions? Contact:  Susan Muenchow: [email protected]

 Jennifer Anthony: [email protected]

 Irene Lam: [email protected]

 Karen Manship: [email protected]

ADDITIONAL SLIDES

Impact of $100 average parent fee in low API neighborhoods

$28.7 million $50.2 million 100% 80% 60% $28.0 million $48.9 million 40% 20% 0%

$760,000 $1.2 million

Scenario III: Serving all API 1-3 attendance areas Scenario II: Serving all API 1-5 attendance areas $100 parent fees Cost remaining

Impact of $1800 parent fee countywide

$88.1 million 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% $71.6 million

$16.6 million

Scenario I: Serving entire county $1800 parent fees Cost remaining

Impact of $3714 parent fee countywide

$88.1 million 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% $71.6 million

$16.6 million

Scenario I: Serving entire county $3714 parent fees Cost remaining

Head Start

 FY 2007 Head Start Reauthorization  House bill has 1.1% increase  Would amount to $9.7 million increase for California  Both House & Senate bills propose raising income eligibility from 100 to 130% of federal poverty level

What are Other Counties Doing?

 Yolo - The City of West Sacramento (Yolo County) adopted a Developer Fee Ordinance that can be used to support the development of Preschool/childcare facilities and equipment which is estimated to generate $250,000 $300,000 depending on the pace of development.

What are Other Counties Doing?

 Prop H in San Francisco  Phases in payments for education enrichment over 5 years (2005-2010)  Provides $ for specific needs such as subsidies, new facility development, and provider support for FCCH and centers.

What are Other States Doing?

 Voters in

Arizona

,

Nebraska

, and

Denver, Colorado

, approved ballot measures to increase funding for early childhood programs.

Denver’s Question 1A

 Voters in

Denver, Colorado

, approved Question 1A, the Preschool Matters initiative, which sets a 0.12% (12 cents for every $100 spent) sales tax increase as the source of funding for the Denver Preschool Program.

 The sales tax is projected to raise $12M in revenue a year.

 For the average Denverite, it will come out to about $25 more in sales taxes stretched over 365 days.

Nebraska’s Proposed Amendment 5



Nebraska’s

Proposed Amendment 5 allows public school funds to be used to fund early childhood programs and will create an early childhood education endowment fund with an initial investment of $40M.

Arizona’s Proposition 203



Arizona’s

ballot initiative Proposition 203, the First Things First Initiative, will raise $150 million every year to fund voluntary health screenings & early education programs for children ages birth to five by instituting an 80 cent per pack tobacco tax.

NAEYC Program Quality Elements

    

Relationships:

Promotes positive relationships among all children & adults to encourage each child's sense of individual worth & belonging as part of a community, & to foster each child's ability to contribute as a responsible community member.

Curriculum:

Implements a curriculum that is consistent with its goals for children & promotes learning and development in each of the following domains: aesthetic, cognitive, emotional, language, physical, & social.

Teaching:

Uses developmentally, culturally, & linguistically appropriate & effective teaching approaches that enhance each child's learning and development in the context of the program's curriculum goals.

Assessment of Child Progress:

Informed by ongoing systematic, formal, & informal assessment approaches to provide information on children's learning and development. Assessments occur within the context of reciprocal communications with families & with sensitivity to the cultural contexts in which children develop. Assessment results are used to benefit children by informing sound decisions about children, teaching, & program improvement.

Health:

Promotes the nutrition and health of children & protects children and staff from illness and injury.

NAEYC Program Quality Elements (cont’d)

  

Teachers:

Employs and supports a teaching staff that has the educational qualifications, knowledge, & professional commitment necessary to promote children's learning and development and to support families' diverse needs and interests.

Families:

Establishes and maintains collaborative relationships with each child's family to foster children's development in all settings. These relationships are sensitive to family composition, language, and culture.

Community Relationships:

resources of, the children's communities to support the achievement of program goals. Establishes relationships with, and uses the 

Physical Environment:

Has a safe and healthful environment that provides appropriate & well-maintained indoor & outdoor physical environments. The environment includes facilities, equipment, & materials to facilitate child and staff learning and development. 

Leadership and Management:

The program effectively implements policies, procedures, & systems in support of stable staff and strong personnel, fiscal, & program management so that all children, families & staff have high-quality experiences. Source: http://www.naeyc.org/about/releases/20050426.asp