Transcript Document

7.1 How have cities
grown and what
challenges do they
face?
7.1a The world is
increasingly urbanised
as cities grow due to
different processes
Lesson 1- Today we will EXAMINE URBANISATION
TRENDS across different countries, including reasons for
growth.
Starter- KEY TERMS
URBANISATION
INDUSTRIALISATION
an increase in the
proportion of people
living in urban areas
Movement from countryside
to a built up area (city/
town)
URBAN
RURAL
MEGACITY
HUB
An area where lots of
important businesses are
located making
it important in a country's
money making potential
MIGRATION
RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION
NATURAL INCREASE
The way a cities
population grows
as a result of residents
having children.
a built-up area such as a
town or city
City with 10 million or more residents
Area where countryside dominates.
When secondary industry
starts to develop in a place
Describe
how the world’s
URBAN population has changed
since 1950 and how it may
change in the future (3)
1) Locate these cities on a map
2) Annotate the map with detail
about growth in the city
TASKS
Which areas of the world are seeing rapid urbanisation?
Which areas of the world have slow or no urban growth?
TASKUsing an Atlas add
these to your map,
using a colour code/
symbol and a key
Questions
1) How does the
role of a city
vary from the
developed to
the
developing
world?
2) Can you think
of any reasons
for these
patterns?
DEVELOPING WORLD CITIES are growing faster (much) than cities
in the DEVELOPING WORLD.
However some DEVELOPED world
growing such as LAS VEGAS in the USA.
cities
are still
Why are some urban areas growing?
1. Natural Increase
2. International and domestic
Migration
3. Rural to urban migration
Natural Increase
DEVELOPED WORLD- World cities like London, LA and New York,
buck the trend of many
still growing
DEVELOPED world cities as they are
Reasons includeYounger populations- so more people of child bearing age thus a
naturally increasing population- more people born than die as
much of the population is young.
Re-urbanisation
DEVELOPED WORLDREURBANISATION- People aged 25-45 that are childless and or
single are returning to live in city centres to be close to amenities
and work.
Also increasingly some people of pensionable age (AGEING
DEPENDENT POPULATION) are returning to the city to be closer to
health care and social amenities.
Natural Increase
DEVELOPING WORLDMany cities in the developing world have
youthful populations as people who move
there are of child bearing age- these
young people have children of their ownincreases population
International and Domestic
Migration
DEVELOPED WORLDAgain world cities like London attract migrants as they are well
known and have a history that many people know and therefore
are attracted.
Also because London is a HUB, it attracts people from other
areas in the UK (DOMESTIC MIGRANTS) looking for work
(economic migrants).
Rural to urban migrationDEVELOPING WORLD-
Here there are many factors leading to growth (urbanisation)
Rural to urban migration- where people move from the countryside of
a country, e.g. Bihar in India to a city in that country (e.g. Mumbai in
India). Mainly young people, predominantly males, but increasingly
young women also. Mainly in BRIC and NIC countries as a country
industrialises new jobs are created which attract these people to the
bigger cities.
DEVELOPING WORLDIn a well known hub (globally recognised/ important areas) like
Bangalore (known as a techno hub as it has a concentration of
techno industries located).
This attracts international migrants from other nations, even
DEVELOPED ones.
International Migration
Counter-urbanisation
Due to some people in the DEVELOPED world cities becoming
more wealthy and leaving the city behind and moving to the
countryside (RURAL areas).
Task
Outline the main reasons for
URBANISATION in the
DEVELOPED and
DEVELOPING WORLD
(
4 MARKS)
Megacities in the developed world differ
from those of megacities in the developing
world.
Contrasting MEGACITIES
The population of megacities in the
developed world differs from that of
megacities in the developing world.
LAGOS? LA? BOTH?
Youthful population, most
under 25 years as many
residents are young migrants
from rural areas
many are ECONOMIC
migrants, they’ve
come to find work
tends to be gender balance, roughly equal
numbers of females and males
Ageing population in many areas as
natural increase is lower as residents work
and have less time for children.
Residents tend to be either very
wealthy or very poor, wealthy tend
to concentrate in improved inner
city or suburb areas
Many people arrive
with very little
money leading to
them having to build
their own illegal
housing anywhere
they can
often men outnumber
women as they tend to
migrate first
Lagos- population
Age- young, most under 25 years as many residents
are young migrants from rural areas.
Wealth- many arrive with very little money leading
to them having to build their own illegal housing
anywhere they can
Origins- many are ECONOMIC migrants, they’ve
come to Lagos to find work
Gender- often men outnumber women as they tend
to migrate first
Live in/ housing- many squatter settlements, built
anywhere. Gated communities for wealthy in
central areas
LA- population
Age- Ageing population in many areas as natural
increase is lower as residents work and have less
time for children.
Wealth -Residents tend to be either very wealthy or
very poor, wealthy tend to concentrate in improved
inner city or suburb areas
Origins- many are ECONOMIC migrants
Gender- tends to be gender balance, roughly equal
numbers of females and males
Housing- varies across city- some slum housing in
inner city
The economic activities in megacities of the
developed world differ from those of megacities
in the developing world.
What do we remember about jobs in
a) DEVELOPING
b) DEVELOPED
COUNTRIES
TASKComplete the table with the
relevant information, if you
get stuck use your notes
from globalisation module
DEVELOPED -LA DEVELOPING- LAGOS
FORMAL/
INFORMAL?
PAY AND
CONDITIONS?
DOMINANT
SECTOR?
The spatial growth of megacities in the
developed world differs from that of
megacities in the developing world.
Contrasting SPATIAL GROWTH
within MEGACITIES
Millionaire Cities :
cities with over 1m
inhabitants
Megacities : cities with
over 10 m inhabitants
World Cities : cities which
have a major impact on
world events. Often major
financial centres
DEVELOPED
WORLD
MEGACITY
SPATIAL
GROWTH
In the developed world the megacities usually have distinct urban
zones, based on their spatial growth over a long time:
The Central Business District (CBD) is at the centre, with its shops and
offices.
Then there is an ‘inner city’ zone with mixtures of old decaying
housing and factories and brand new developments.
Then there are the suburbs which tend to be mostly residential
(houses) with a few supermarkets.
SPATIAL GROWTH
IN DEVELOPING WORLD
MEGACITIES
In developing countries, apart from a
central CBD, surrounded by older
housing, the spatial growth pattern of
megacities tends to be different:
The layout is much less regular than in megacities in developed
countries.
Land uses are not separated so well, because growth has been so
fast and planning controls are often weak.
People set up homes on any patch of land they can find because
there is such a shortage of housing. These spontaneous or
squatter settlements, with mostly slum housing, quickly grow into
shanty towns.
There may be distinct sectors of land use, such as expensive
houses stretching out along a particular road.
Comparing MEGACITIES
SPATIALLY Task
You are going to recreate a LA and LAGOS by
making a model of that cityGet pictures from the internet to ensure that it
is identifiable as your chosen city
Work in pairs (one does DEVELOPING WORLD
city, the other a DEVELOPED WORLD city)
You will have next lesson and homework to
complete these models-