Two stores in Brighton and Hove Own website where you are able to buy sweets

Retail Service Provision

LO • Describe how the retail landscape has changed in recent years • Explain how these changes have affected the retailers in positive and negative ways

Activities

Decisions, decisions

• You are the planning officer for Chalkelton.

• It is up to you and your team to make a decision about where to build a new Shopping Centre. • It is expected that the Sphere of Influence will be as big as 100 miles.

• Bringing in millions of pounds to the local economy.

Option 1: Chalky Quarry

• A chalk quarry has recently been decommissioned and has left a massive scar in the landscape.

Points to consider: • Greenfield site • Great infrastructure (two motorways) • Sometimes used as a traveller site (negativity from locals) • A big development would be an eyesore

Option 2: Chalkelton town centre

Points to consider: • Rundown as industry left • Pound and charity shops litter the high street • Brownfield sites galore • Development would mean removal of some of the historic aspects of Chalkelton • Poor infrastructure • Lots of urban poverty and deprivation

Decision time

• Taking into account the positives and negatives of both areas • Decide which option is the best choice for a Shopping Centre • Explain why you think this (justify your answer) and give the positives • Think about: – Sustainability – Regeneration – Social and economic aspects of the development

CASE STUDY An example of changes in retail service provision in an area .

• • Example Exam Question: Name and locate an example of changes in retail service provision in an area.

Describe the recent change that have taken place and explain why these changes have occurred.

LOCATION: CARDIFF, WALES

Up until the 1980s most shopping tended to be done in the CBD and in local shopping parades.

As cities expanded after the Second World War, each new housing estate was located increasingly further from city centre shops. In each of these housing districts small shopping parades were built.

These stores were used by locals several times a week Each shopping parade would likely have its own post office, a grocery store, several small specialist stores such as butchers and chemists, and one or two service stores such as a hairdresser and launderette. Car-ownership was limited The CBD was used for ‘bigger’ and ‘more important purchases’ (COMPARISON GOODS) 1980s = CBD and PARADES

In the late 80s/early 90s

People are becoming more prosperous, they have more income. Car ownership increases and people are moving to areas on the edge of towns and cities and want shopping areas near to them.

They are finding it more difficult and inconvenient to travel to the town or city centre (CBD) Public transport is POOR.

City/town centres are becoming increasingly rundown NEGATIVE MULTIPLIER EFFECT

THE BIRTH OF THE CONSUMER….

At the same time…

People are becoming more and more interested in shopping as incomes and car-ownership increase: • More choice • Better value for money • An enjoyable shopping experience

Early 90s

• Car ownership has increased, people like to use their cars and want to be able to park easily.

• More people living in urban/rural fringe • • People want convenience, don’t want to be stuck in traffic jams Growth of

OUT OF TOWN

people’s needs change shopping centres as

Example of 1990s Out of Town Shopping Cardiff….

Certain businesses such as supermarkets and electrical stores have found the cost of land at the centre of Cardiff very expensive and getting planning permission to expand very difficult indeed. More people in Cardiff were moving to the larger and often cheaper housing estates on the city's edge. They wanted shops that they could travel to more easily without having to journey to the city centre. Both of these points helped move

THE RURAL-URBAN FRINGE SHOPPING TO

= CBD

CARDIFF BAY RETAIL PARK

near to motorway (M4) close to settlements other retail companies in the same place cheap land to buy and build on- lots of space away from congestion of CBD grants and loans available to help set up in the area planning permission easy to get Why were out of town shopping centres so popular for retailers?

relief of the land is flat land is well drained and not too marshy not close to any major rivers surrounded by countryside views

HUMAN and PHYSICAL FACTORS

space for future expansion if successful

EARLY 2000s PROBLEMS THOUGH?

1) Surveys suggest that customers have had enough of big out-of-town shopping centres and prefer the shopping experience of Cardiff's city centre.

2) Cardiff county council is responsible for giving planning permission for any new stores or extensions being built in its out-of-town retail parks. It is not happy with countryside areas being built on any more as it is not environmentally friendly or sustainable 3) Traffic jams during rush hours and weekends can make getting to Cardiff's out-of town shopping areas very difficult. This is when most people are able to do their shopping. 4) There has been a trend in the last 10 years of people wanting to move back to living near the city centre. This tends to be young professional single people or couples. They want the lifestyle that the city offers such as good shopping, coffee houses, restaurants and leisure facilities. People now see shopping as a leisure activity. These people are less likely to use out-of-town shopping areas. They are also a group of people with high spending power

THE CBD FIGHTS BACK!

Cardiff is Europe's youngest capital city. In 2003 it was nominated to be the European City of Culture for 2008 (narrowly beaten by the city of Liverpool!). The city is trying desperately hard to keep people spending money in the city centre.

As more planning permissions are now being granted for expansion and renovation of existing retail stores in Cardiff's CBD, there is now less of a threat from out-of-town shopping retail parks.

The city centre has had massive investment in order to make it more attractive to both local shoppers and tourists. The following section shows how both Cardiff County Council and businesses have tried to pull customers back to the city centre. The main focal point has been

St David’s Shopping centre.

Modern shopping arcades

Cardiff has invested money by building a number of shopping arcades, the main one being St David’s. Many of these include small specialist shops but also major chain stores such as John Lewis, Apple, Reiss and Zara. They are a great attraction to shoppers.

New look city-centre

Cardiff is repaving its main pedestrian shopping area of Queen Street. It has also invested thousands of pounds in CCTV cameras for greater protection and safety in the city centre. Cardiff enjoys a low crime rate in comparison to many UK cities

Cardiff CBD

has once again become a destination for shoppers- consumers come to spend a day here, shopping and making use of the others services such as:

The threat now lies in an entirely different place!