Transcript Chapter 13: Urban Patterns

Chapter 13:
Urban Patterns
MARKAYLA BRITTON
ASHLEY CLEBURN
Urban Patterns for the Developing World
Highest rate of urban growth lacks a significant
metropolitan area .
 Latin America – the most urbanized major area of
“Less Developed World”.
 Africa – least urbanized of all areas, but the most
quickly urbanizing of all the regions.
 Asia – less than 35% urban through the whole area
with some exceptions (Taiwan, Philippines,
Malaysia, North and South Korea)
Urban Patterns
 All areas of the developing
world have a population
greater than their
employment bases can
support and inverse
concentric zone patterns.
 Asia/African City –
European colonial imprint
 Spatial differences in social
equality very clear.
CBD – 5
Inner City – 4
Low Class Residential – 3
Medium Class Residential – 2
High Class Residential - 1
5
4
3
2
1
Changes in Cities in LDCs
Populations of cities in the less developed world have
been surging : urbanization, migration, natural
increase.
 Urbanization in LDCs:
Farming more challenging
 Poor living in the suburbs, rich living in CBD
 Cities struggle to provide jobs and housing
 Services over taxed
 Squatter settlements common
 Crime on the rise

Urbanization
 The process by which the population of cities grow
 2 dimensions: an increase in the number of people living in
cities and an increase in the percentage of people living in the
cities
 In MDCs about ¾ of the people live in urban areas
compared to 2/5 in LDCs


Although Latin America is an exception
MDCs have a higher percentage of urban residents, but LDCs
have more of very the very large urban settlements
Metropolitan Statistical Area
 An MSA includes
 An urbanized area with a population of at least 50,000
 The county within which the city is located
 Adjacent counties with a high population density and a large
percentage of residents working in the central city’s county
Micropolitan Statistical Areas
 These include
 an urbanized area between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants,
the county in which it is found
 Adjacent counties tied to the city
Burgess’s Concentric Zone Model
 City grows outward
from central area in a
series of rings
Like growth rings of a
tree
 Size and width vary
from city to city

Homer Hoyt’s Sector Model
 City develops in sectors,
not rings
Certain areas more
attractive for certain
things
 High class housing
extends as a corridor

Harris and Ullman’s Multiple Nuclei Model
 City is complex structure
with multiple centers
Some activities are
attracted to certain nodes
 Schools : daycares, family
neighborhoods, grocery
stores
 Heavy industry would not
be near high-class housing

Geographic applications of the models
 the three models can also help explain why centain
type of people tend to live in particular places
 Social area analysis: urban areas that contain people
of the similar living standards, ethnic background,
and lifestyle
Inner-city problems
 Physical
 Major physical problem faced by inner city neighborhoods is
poor condition of the housing
 Social
 Inner city residents ore often referred to as underclass. This
class often have high rates of unemployment, alcoholism, etc.
 Economic
 The central cities face a gap between the cost of needed
services and the availability of funds to pay for them
The Peripheral model
 According to this model an urban area consists of an
inner city surrounding by large suburban residential
and business areas tied together by a belt way or rail
road
Key Issue 1: Where have urban areas grown ?
 Urbanization involves increases in the percent and in
the number of people living in urban areas. MDCs
have higher percent of urban residents, but LDCs
now have most of the largest urban areas
Key Issue 2: Where are people distributed within
urban areas
 Three models explain where various groups of people
live in urban areas: the concentric zone, sector, and
multiple nuclei models. Combine the three models
present a useful framework for understanding the
distribution of social and economic groups within
urban areas. With modifications, the models also
apply to cities in Europe and LDCs
Key Issue 3: Why do inner cities have distinctive
problems?
 Inner city residential areas have physical problems
stemming from the high percent of older
deteriorated housing, social problems stemming
from the high percent of low income households, and
economic problems stemming from a gap between
demand for services and supply of local tax revenue
Key Issue 4: Why do suburbs have distinctive
problems?
 The suburban lifestyle as exemplified by the
detached single-family house with surrounding yard
attracts most people. Transportation improvements
most notably the railroad in the 19th century and the
automobile in the 20th century, have facilitated the
sprawl of urban areas. Among the negative
consequences of large-scale sprawl are segregation
and inefficiency.