Transcript Slide 1

SWINE FLU
SWINE FLU
The swine flu is a strain of virus that shares genes
with flu viruses that affect pigs.
• Swine influenza (also called pig influenza, swine
flu, hog flu and pig flu)
• The new virus is made from pieces of flu viruses
that infect pigs from North America, pigs from
Eurasia, and pieces from human and bird flu
viruses that were all mixed together
• Scientific name is Influenza A / H1N1
Eurasian
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North
American
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H1N1 INFLUENZA A
• scientific name for swine flu,
• H means hemagglutinin – 16 versions, needed for
virus to enter cell
• N means neuraminidase – 9 versions, needed for
virus to leave cell
• "1"s refer to their antibody type.
• Influenza A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae
family of viruses, and refers to the fact that the
virus is first identified in an animal, usually a pig
or a bird.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC
IMAGE
• The viruses are 80–120 nanometres in diameter.
HISTORY
• Swine influenza was first proposed to be a
disease related to human influenza during the
1918 flu pandemic, when pigs became sick at
the same time as humans.
• H1N1
• In 1997–1998, H3N2
• The H1N1 viral strain implicated in the 2009
flu pandemic among humans often is called
"swine flu"
TRANSMISSION
Transmission Between Pigs :
• Close contacts during animal transport.
• Intensive farming may also increase the risk of
transmission,
• The direct transfer of the virus occurs by
– pigs touching noses,
– or through dried mucus.
• Airborne transmission through the aerosols
produced by pigs coughing or sneezing are
also an important means of infection.
TRANSMISSION
Transmission to Humans :
• People who work with poultry and swine have
an increased risk of zoonotic infections.
• From swine to humans who work with swine
• Meat processing workers (The meat of an
infected animal poses no risk of infection
when properly cooked.)
ZOONOTIC SWINE FLU
• Swine influenza virus is common throughout
pig populations worldwide.
• Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans
– is not common
– does not always lead to human influenza
– Only antibodies production in the blood.
• If transmission does cause human influenza, it
is called zoonotic swine flu
TRANSMISSION
Transmission Between Humans:
Influenza spreads between humans
when infected people cough or sneeze, then
other people breathe in the virus or touch
something with the virus on it and then touch
their own face.
Antigenic Shift
Emergency Warning Signs
IN ADULTS:
• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
• Sudden dizziness
• Confusion
• Severe or persistent Vomiting
• Low temperature
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IN CHILDREN:
Fast breathing or working hard to breathe
Bluish skin color
Not drinking enough fluids
Not waking up or not interacting
Being so irritable that the child does not want
to be held
Flu-like symptoms that improve but then
return with fever and worse cough
Fever with a rash
Being unable to eat
Having no tears when crying
Symptoms of swine flu in swine
Intestinal
diarrhea
Coughing
sore throat
Psychological
lethargy lack of
appetite
Nasopharynx
sneezing
mucous nose/eye
Systematic fever
weight loss
poor growth
In Humans
Common Cause Of Death
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Respiratory failure.
Pneumonia (leading to sepsis)
High fever (leading to neurological problems),
Dehydration (from excessive vomiting and
diarrhea)
• Electrolyte Imbalance.
Fatalities are more likely in young children and
the elderly.
PREVENTION
PREVENTION IN SWINE:
Methods of preventing the spread of influenza
among swine include
– facility management,
– herd management, and
– vaccination.
Because much of the illness and death
associated with swine flu involves secondary
infection by other pathogens, control strategies
that rely on vaccination may be insufficient.
PREVENTION
PREVENTION IN HUMANS:
• farmers and veterinarians are encouraged to
use a face mask
• wearing gloves when working with sick
animals
PREVENTION
PREVENTION AMONG HUMANS:
• Covering your nose and mouth with a tissue when
you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash
after you use it.
• Washing your hands often with soap and water,
especially after you cough or sneeze. You can also
use alcohol-based hand cleaners.
• Avoiding touching your eyes, nose or mouth.
• Trying to avoid close contact with sick people.
• Staying home from work or school if you are sick.
TREATMENT
IN SWINE:
• Antibiotics are used to treat this disease, which
although they have no effect against the
influenza virus, do help prevent bacterial
pneumonia and other secondary infections in
influenza-weakened herds
• Vaccination.
TREATMENT
IN HUMANS:
• Antiviral drugs can make the illness milder
• There are two classes of such medicines,
1) adamantanes (amantadine and remantadine),
2) Inhibitors of influenza neuraminidase
(oseltamivir and zanamivir).
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The viruses obtained from the recent human
cases with swine influenza in the United
States were sensitive to oselatmivir and
zanamivir but resistant to amantadine and
remantadine.
SUMMARY
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ANY ?
HAVE A NICE DAY
Presented by:
ANUM ZAHRA
Bs (Hons) 8th semester