Transcript Understanding and Protecting Our Home Planet

Science Mission
Directorate
NASA: Earth Science Initiatives and Plans
Presentation to AMS Corporate Forum
March 22 , 2007
Jack A. Kaye, Ph.D.
Associate Director for Research
Earth- Science Division
NASA’s Mission and Vision
NASA will continue the objectives for space exploration established in the
National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958.
To pioneer the future in space exploration,
Scientific discovery, and aeronautics research.
NASA has embraced President George W. Bush’s directive, A Renewed Spirit
of Discovery: The President’s Vision for Space Exploration, as the
Agency’s Vision.
• Explore the solar system and beyond;
• Return humans to the Moon in the next decade;
• Ultimately send humans to Mars and beyond;
• Enhance understanding of the planets; and
• Ask new questions and answer questions as old
as humankind.
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NASA’s Strategic Goals: 2006 Through 2016
Strategic Goal 1: Fly the Shuttle as safely as possible until
its retirement, not later than 2010.
Strategic Goal 2: Complete the International Space Station
in a manner consistent with NASA’s International Partner
commitments and the needs of human exploration.
Strategic Goal 3: Develop a balanced overall program of
science, exploration, and aeronautics consistent with the
redirection of the human spaceflight program to focus on
exploration.
Strategic Goal 4: Bring a new Crew Exploration Vehicle
into service as soon as possible after Shuttle retirement.
Strategic Goal 5: Encourage the pursuit of appropriate
partnerships with the emerging commercial space sector.
Strategic Goal 6: Establish a lunar return program having
the maximum possible utility for later missions to Mars
and other destinations.
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Science Mission Directorate
Organization
Associate Administrator (AA) (C. Hartman, acting)*
Deputy AA (C. Hartman)
Deputy AA
for Programs
(M. Luther)
Deputy AA
for Technology
(G. Komar)
Chief Scientist
(P. Hertz)
Chief Engineer
(K. Ledbetter)
Heliophysics
Division
Dir. (R. Fisher)
Deputy (C. Gay)
Management &
Policy Division
Dir. (R. Maizel)
Deputy (Vacant)
Planetary Science
Division
Dir. (J. Green)
Dep. (J. Adams)
Flight (T. Hammer-Act)
Budget (C. Tupper)
Applied Science
(T. Fryberger)
Policy (Vacant)
Administration (Vacant)
* A. Stern arrives 4/2/07
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Earth Science
Division
Dir. (M. Freilich)
Deputy (B. Cramer)
Research (J. Kaye)
Mars Program
(D. McCuistion)
Astrophysics
Division
Dir. (R. Howard-Act)
Deputy (Vacant)
NASA’s Science Goals
• Study Earth from space to advance scientific
understanding and meet societal needs. (Earth Science)
• Understand the Sun and its effects on Earth and the solar
system. (Heliophysics)
• Advance scientific knowledge of the origin and history of the
solar system, the potential for life elsewhere, and the hazards
and resources present as humans explore space. (Planetary
Science)
• Discover the origin, structure, evolution, and destiny of the
universe, and search for Earth-like planets. (Astrophysics)
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Broader Governmental Context
• NASA Earth Science Supports Multiple Presidential
Initiatives
• Climate Change Science Program
• Earth Observations
• Ocean Action Plan
• Congressional Direction Addresses Several Aspects,
most notably linkage between NASA and NOAA, but
also other areas (ozone, land cover)
• NASA is part of NPOESS program, in particular
through the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)
mission
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Earth Science Framework
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Earth Science Questions & Focus Areas
How is the Earth changing, and what
are the consequences for life on Earth?
•How is the global Earth system
changing?
•What are the primary causes of
change in the Earth system?
•How does the Earth system
respond to natural and humaninduced changes?
•What are the consequences for
human civilization?
•How will the Earth system
change in the future?
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Science Focus Areas
•Atmospheric Composition
•Weather
•Carbon Cycle & Ecosystems
•Water & Energy Cycle
•Climate Variability & Change
•Earth Surface & Interior
Tools - 14 Major Satellites in Orbit
GRACE
NOAA POES
Cloudsat*
CALIPSO*
Aqua
TRMM
NOAA
GOES
Terra
EO-1
QuikSCAT
Landsat
Jason
Aura
ICESat
SORCE
*Launched Spring, 2006
The “A-Train”
Moving Toward the Future of Global Integrated Earth Observation
polarization,
multi-angle
OMI – absorbing aerosol
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aerosol
profiles,
cloud tops
thick clouds
drizzle
CERES: TOA fluxes
MODIS: cloud re, t
AMSR: LWP
O2 A-band
Earth Science Mission Priorities and Rationale
NPOESS Preparatory Project (2009)^
Strategic mission - Systematic measurement
Required for continuity of several key climate
measurements between EOS and NPOESS
Landsat Data Continuity Mission (2010)^
Strategic mission - Systematic measurement
Required for continuity of long-term global land
cover change data; plan for post-LDCM
acquisition operational agency in work
Ocean Surface Topography Mission (2008)*^
Strategic mission - Systematic measurement
Required for continuity ocean altimetry; planned
as part of a transition to operational agencies
Glory (2008)
Strategic - Initializes a systematic measurement
Addresses high priority objective of the US
Climate Change Science Program
Orbiting Carbon Observatory (2008)
Competed mission - Earth System Science
Pathfinder
First global measurement of CO2 from space
Aquarius (2009)*
Competed mission - Earth System Science
Pathfinder
First global measurement of sea surface salinity
from space
Global Precipitation Measurement (2013)*
Initializes a systematic measurement
Extend spatial coverage to global and temporal
coverage to every 3 hours with constellation
Earth System Science Pathfinder – TBD (2014)
Competed mission - 2008 solicitation for 2014
launch; subsequent TBD
Could address one of the future representative
mission elements below; focus and relative
priority to be determined using decadal survey
* Represents International Partnership
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^ Represents Interagency Partnership
Earth Science Flight Mission Summary
Earth Science Flight Mission Summary
Launch
Date
ERBS
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Oct-84
Decomissioned Dec 2005
UARS
Jun-91
Decomissioned Dec 2005
Topex/Poseidon
Aug-92
TOMS
Jul-96
TRMM
Nov-97
LandSat-7
Apr-99
QuikScat
Jun-99
Terra
Dec-99
Acrimsat
Dec-99
SRTM
Feb-00
EO-1
Nov-00
SAGE-III
Dec-01
GRACE
Apr-02
Aqua
May-02
JASON
Dec-02
ICESat
Jan-03
SORCE
Jan-03
Aura
Jul-04
CloudSat
Apr-06
CALIPSO
Apr-06
OSTM
Jun-08
OCO
Sep-08
Glory
Dec-08
Aquarius
Jul-09
NPP
Sep-09
LDCM
Jan-11
12
GPM
Jun-13
Decomissioned Jan 2006
Flown on Shuttle February 2000
Qu i c k T i m e ™ a n d a
d e c o m p re s s o r
a re n e e d e d to s e e th i s p i c t u re .
Decomissioned Sep 2006
Senior
Review
Prime/Ex tended Missions in Operation
Prime/Ex tended Missions in Dev elopment
Prime/Ex tended Missions in Formulation
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NASA Science Mission Launches (CY06-CY14)
As of 2/17/07
NASA Mission
on US ELV
Joint NASA - International
Partner Mission
NASA Mission on
STS
International Mission
with Substantial NASA
Contribution
Reimbursable
for NOAA
DoD Mission with
Substantial NASA
Contribution
Kepler
IBEX
= Successfully launched to date
SDO
* = First science flight
 New Horizons
OCO
 ST-5
Glory
 STEREO
 THEMIS
HST SM-4
NPP
 Cloudsat
AIM
OSTM
MSL
MMS
 CALIPSO
Phoenix
GOES-P
WISE
MSO
 GOES-N
GLAST
CINDI
ST-8
RBSP
Discovery 13
GPM Const
 ST-6
Dawn
Chandrayaan-1
Aquarius
Juno
MIDEX-7
ESSP-7
 TWINS-A
GOES-O
Herschel
NOAA-N’
LDCM
GPM Core
New Frontiers 3
 Hinode
TWINS-B
Planck
ST-7
SOFIA*
Mars Scout 2
Discovery 12
JWST
SMEX-12
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2006
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2014
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NASA Advisory Council
Structure
NASA
Advisory Council
Ad Hoc
Biomedical
Committee
Chair:
Harrison H. Schmitt
Ex-Officio
Members
Ray Colladay
Lennard Fisk
(David Longnecker)
Aeronautics
Committee
Chair:
Neil Armstrong
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Audit
and Finance
Committee
Chair:
Bob Hanisee
Exploration
Committee
Chair:
James
Abrahamson
Human Capital
Committee
Chair:
Gerald
Kulcinski
Science
Committee
Chair:
Edward David
Astrophysics
Subcommittee
Earth Science
Subcommittee
Heliophysics
Subcommittee
(David Spergel)
(Daniel Jacob)
(Alan Title)
Space
Operations
Committee
Chair:
Paul Robinson
Planetary
Science
Subcommittee
(Sean Solomon)
Planetary
Protection
Subcommittee
(Ronald Atlas)
NAC Science Committee
Members
Dr. Edward David [Chair] - NAS/NAE, EDD Inc.
Dr. Owen Garriott - Skylab & Spacelab astronaut
Dr. Neil DeGrasse Tyson - AMNH- NY
Dr. Bradley Jolliff - Washington U/St. Louis
Dr. Mark Robinson - Arizona St. Univ.
Dr. Byron Tapley - U. Texas
Dr. Lennard Fisk - NRC Space Studies Board
chair (ex officio)
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Earth System Subcommittee Membership
• Earth System Subcommittee has been reconstituted and met
several times - membership list:
R. Avissar
Duke U.
P. Matrai
Bigelow L
J. Christy
UAH
J. McCreary
U. Hawaii
L. Curran
Yale U.
B. Minster
UCSD
J. Foley
U. Wisc.
M. Ramsey
U. Pitts.
J. Hansen
GISS
K. Sarabandi U. Mich.
D. Jacob (chair) Harvard U.
M. Simons
Caltech
G. Jenkins
Howard U.
K. Steffen
U. Colo.
J. Jensen
U. S. Carol.
E. Zipser
U. Utah
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NRC Decadal Survey
•
NRC Decadal Survey was requested by NASA (with NOAA and USGS)
for first time
-
•
Interim report was released in 2005 and made several recommendations
after noting significant cuts to program; NASA ability to respond was
limited by budget
-
•
Having this will bring Earth Science in line with other SMD divisions
One Difference for ESD is not having prior roadmap, so we will need to
constitute/anticipate
Proceed with the GPM and the Atmospheric Soundings from Geostationary
Orbit (GIFTS) missions;
Evaluate plans for transferring needed capabilities to NPOESS (Ocean
Vector Winds, LDCM, GLORY);
Develop a technology base for future Earth observation;
Reinvigorate the NASA Earth Explorer Missions Program;
Strengthen research and analysis programs;
Strengthen baseline climate observations and climate data records.
Final report released January, 2007
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Decadal Survey Recommendations
• Overarching Recommendation
- The U.S. government, working in concert with the private sector, academe,
the public, and its international partners, should renew its investment in Earth
observing systems and restore its leadership in Earth science and
applications.
• Agency Recommendations
- NOAA-restore key climate, environmental, and weather capabilities to
NPOESS mission
 Total solar irradiation and Earth radiation
 Passive ocean surface vector winds and sea-surface temperatures
 Ozone Monitoring and Profiling Suite (OMPS)
- NOAA, working with NASA, restore capability to make high-temporal and
vertical-resolution measurements of temperature and water vapor on GOESR
 Complete GIFTS, orbit via launch of opportunity and/or
 Extend the HES Study focusing on cost-effective approaches to achieving essential
sounding capabilities in the GOES-R time frame
- NASA-continuity of precipitation and land cover
 Launching GPM by 2012
 Obtaining a replacement to Landsat 7 data before 2012.
 The committee also recommends that NASA continue to seek cost-effective,
innovative means for obtaining land cover change information.
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Main Recommendation
(for next decade)
• NOAA and NASA should undertake a set of 17 recommended missions,
phased over the next decade
• NOAA research to operations
- Vector ocean winds
- GPS radio occultation temperature, water vapor and electron
density profiles
- Total solar irradiance/and Earth Radiation (NPP) and restored to
NPOESS
• NASA
- 15 missions in small, medium and large categories
- Support R&A, applied science, technology, geodetic networks
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17 Missions
(Pink = <$900 M; Green = $300-$600 M; Blue = <$300 M)
Decadal
Survey
Mission
Mission Description
Orbit
Instruments
$
Estimate
Timeframe 2010 – 2013, Missions listed by cost
CLARREO
(NASA
portion)
Solar and Earth radiation: spectrally
resolved forcing and response of the
climate system
LEO,
Precessing
Absolute, spectrallyresolved interferometer
$200 M
SMAP
Soil moisture and freeze/thaw for
weather and water cycle processes
LEO, SSO
L-band radar
L-band radiometer
$300 M
ICESat-II
Ice sheet height changes for climate
change diagnosis
LEO, NonSSO
Laser altimeter
$300 M
DESDynI
Surface and ice sheet deformation for
understanding natural hazards and
climate; vegetation structure for
ecosystem health
LEO, SSO
L-band InSAR
Laser altimeter
$700 M
Timeframe: 2013 – 2016, Missions listed by cost
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HyspIRI
Land surface composition for
agriculture and mineral
characterization; vegetation types for
ecosystem health
LEO, SSO
Hyperspectral
spectrometer
$300 M
ASCENDS
Day/night, all-latitude, all-season CO2
column integrals for climate
emissions
LEO, SSO
Multifrequency laser
$400 M
SWOT
Ocean, lake, and river water levels
for ocean and inland water dynamics
LEO, SSO
Ka-band wide swath
radar
C-band radar
$450 M
GEOCAPE
Atmospheric gas columns for air
quality forecasts; ocean color for
coastal ecosystem health and climate
emissions
GEO
High and low spatial
resolution hyperspectral
imagers
$550 M
ACE
Aerosol and cloud profiles for climate
and water cycle; ocean color for open
ocean biogeochemistry
LEO, SSO
Backscatter lidar
Multiangle polarimeter
Doppler radar
$800 M
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17 Missions
(Pink = <$900 M; Green = $300-$600 M; Blue = <$300 M)
Timeframe: 2016 -2020, Missions listed by cost
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LIST
Land surface topography for
landslide hazards and water
runoff
LEO, SSO
Laser altimeter
$300 M
PATH
High frequency, all-weather
temperature and humidity
soundings for weather
forecasting and SST*
GEO
MW array
spectrometer
$450 M
GRACE-II
High temporal resolution gravity
fields for tracking large-scale
water movement
LEO, SSO
Microwave or laser
ranging system
$450 M
SCLP
Snow accumulation for fresh
water availability
LEO, SSO
Ku and X-band
radars
K and Ka-band
radiometers
$500 M
GACM
Ozone and related gases for
intercontinental air quality and
stratospheric ozone layer
prediction
LEO, SSO
UV spectrometer
IR spectrometer
Microwave limb
sounder
$600 M
3DWinds
(Demo)
Tropospheric winds for weather
forecasting and pollution
transport
LEO, SSO
Doppler lidar
$650 M
*Cloud-independent, high temporal resolution, lower accuracy SST to complement, not replace, global
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operational high-accuracy SST measurement
Continuity for Current Measurements
o NPOESS has key role to play in continuing current measurement
capability, although significant climate-related capability was lost with the
Nunn-McCurdy certification while continuity with operational sensors was
protected
• Terra/Aqua imaging/sounding to be continued with - NPP, C1, … (but
note loss of MODIS-class imagery in AM orbit)
• Aura ozone column - NPP, …
o Climate Observing Capability lost with N-M process:
• SORCE Total Solar Irradiance - TSIS (but NASA has Glory for 2008)
• CERES Earth Radiation Budget - ERBS (last NASA CERES
instrument to fly aboard C-1, likely with gap from Aqua)
• Ozone vertical profile - OMPS limb instrument (returning?)
• Jason/OSTM Sea Surface Altimetry - ALT (gap after OSTM in 2008)
• QuikScat Ocean Surface Winds - CMIS instrument to be replaced;
expect passive wind sensing capability
• Aerosol Polarimetry - APS (no follow-on to Glory)
o OSTP has asked NASA (with NOAA) to prepare white paper on climate
impact of N-M certification - this was briefed to them and agencies are
evaluating potential implementation approaches- NRC will do NPOESSfocused quick follow-up to Dec. Surv.
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Earth Science Opportunities in ROSES
2007
o ROSES has numerous elements, with opening dates throughout the
year, organized by division
Appendix
Science Program Element
A.2 Land Cover/Land Use Change
A.3 Carbon Cycle Science
A.4 Terrestrial Ecology
A.5 Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry
A.6 Physical Oceanography
A.7 Ocean Surface Topography Science Team
A.8 Cryospheric Science
A.9 NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study
A.10 Terrestrial Hydrology
A.11 Atmospheric Composition: Aura Science Team
A.12 Atmospheric Composition: Science Advisory Group for Glory
A.13 Tropospheric Chemistry: ARCTAS
A.14 Wind Lidar Science
A.15 Accelerating Operational Use of Research Data
A.16 Earth Surface and Interior
A.17 EarthScope: the INSAR and Geodetic Imaging Component
A.18 Airborne Instrument Technology Transition
A.19 Space Archaeology
A.20 Decision Support Through Earth Science Research
A.21 New Investigator Program in Earth Science
A.22 Advancing Collaborative Connections in Earth System Science
A.26 Instrument Incubator
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NOI/Step-1* Due
6/11/2007
4/6/2007
7/19/2007
TBD
4/27/2007
8/31/2007
5/15/2007
4/18/2007
8/1/2007
4/50/2007
NA
4/16/2007
3/16/2007
7/6/2007
15/25/2007
6/8/2007
3/16/2007
5/15/2007
3/15/2007
6/29/2007
3/15/2007
TBD
Proposal Due
10/1/2007
6/6/2007
9/12/2007
TBD
6/18/2007
10/31/2007
8/16/2007
6/18/2007
10/1/2007
6/15/2007
5/1/2007
6/15/2007
5/16/2007
9/18/2007
7/25/2007
8/10/2007
5/16/2007
7/25/2007
5/25/2007
8/31/2007
6/1/2007
TBD
Selection Statistics for From ROSES
2005 and 2006
o Participation in Research Program Involves Significant Institutional Mix
o Distribution of PIs from 2005 and 2006 Earth Science ROSES Elements:
# Rec
ACCESS (10/30/06)
14
Atmos Comp. Ground Net. (12/8/06)
19
Atmos. Comp. - TC4 (2/7/07)
79
Interdisc. Res. In Earth Sci. (12/6/06)
127
Precipitation Science (10/30/06)
127
Advanced Comp. Tech. (8/24/05)
92
Advanced Inf. Sys. Tech. (6/21/06)
99
ACCESS (10/14/05)
50
Atmospheric Comp. (3/31/06)
67
Decision Support (4/7/06)
94
ICESat and Cryosat (4/17/06)
71
Land Cover/Land Use Change (11/4/05)
83
LBA (9/1/05)
37
NAMMA (4/21/06)
NA
NASA Energy &Water Cyc. St. (12/29/06) 50
New Investigator Program (5/8/06)
84
North American Carbon Program (6/29/06) 79
Ocean Biology and Biogeochem. (4/7/06) 22
Ocean Vector Winds Sci. Team (4/4/06)
57
Rem. Sensing Sci. for C and Clim. (4/4/06) 44
Terrestrial Ecology (4/1706)
34
27
#Sel.
2
6
56
33
59
14
28
15
30
21
19
14
22
23
5
25
12
7
22
10
7
1
Conclusion
o NASA plays unique role in observing Earth, bringing remote
sensing approaches to bear on global environmental issues
o Decadal survey and science plan contribute to long-term
planning; mission studies help flesh out concepts
o NASA activities contribute to integrated national and international
efforts in climate change science, Earth observations, and
Oceans action
o Interagency and international partnerships are crucial to NASA’s
successful accomplishment of its goals
o NASA advances have potential to serve as basis for future
operational systems and contribute to creation of long-term data
records
o Environmental information obtained can be put to use in support
of national policy and decision support objectives
o Numerous opportunities exist for proposing research,
applications, and technology
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