Transcript Document

Russian environmental legislation as a basis for developing
education on cleaner production at the university level
 Introduction
 Definition of legal and other requirements of the
international standard ISO 14001 (4.3.2)
 Overview of legislative system of Russian Federation
- general structure of legislation
- international legislation
- Russian legislation
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Definition of legal and other requirements
FL «Technical regulation», December 18, 2002 divided all requirements into
 Obligatory legislative requirements
 Requirements applied and used on a voluntary basis
Obligatory requirements will be set only by Federal laws, RF
Governmental regulations, Presidential decrees.
Obligatory requirements, set by standards and other norm documentation
(Gosgortechnadzor rules, Construction norms and rules, sanitary
norms and rules, fire safety etc) will be voluntary.
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Overview of legislative system of Russian Federation
General structure of RF legislation
RF Constitution, Federal laws, RF Codes
Presidential decrees, Подзаконные акты
Regulations of RF government and State Duma
Instructions and other norm documentation of RF ministries and departments
Legislation and norm documentation of RF subjects
Regional legislation
Constitution of RF subject, charter of “kraj”, “oblast”, city, autonomous
“kraj”, “oblast”, laws of RF subject, other legal documentation of RF
subjects
International legislation
Treaties, conventions, agreements
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Environmental Doctrine of Russian Federation (31 .09.2002 №1225)
and the concept of transition to sustainable development
Environmental doctrine (strategic objectives and targets, principles of state
environmental policy)
Sustainable development concept (Presidential decrees 04.02.1994,
№236, 01.04 1996 № 440).
Sustainable development means meeting the current needs without damaging
biosphere and does not threaten the ability of future generations to satisfy
their needs.
Environmental legislation principles:
-right for favourable environment
-presumption of environmental danger of planned activities
-independence of environmental control and expertise
-chargeable nature management, prevention and damages
-right for reliable information, setting norms, licensing
-responsibility for breaking environmental laws
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State Authorized Bodies
 Nature resource ministry of RF (ministerstvo prirodnyh resyrsov)
In course of administrative reform and according to President.decree and
Gov.reg. (30.07.2004 № 400, 30.07.2004 № 401, 21.01.2006 № 23 ….) the following
departments were established:
 Federal service in nature management supervision (Federalnaya Slyzhba
po nadzory v sfere prirodopolzovanija – Rosprirodnadzor)
 Federal service in environmental, technological and nuclear supervision
(Federalnaya Slyzhba po ecologicheskomy, technologicheskomy I
atomnomy nadzory – Rostechnadzor)
Subsystems of environmental legislation:
Nature resource legislation (preservation and rational use of nature resources)
Nature preservation legislation (public relations in environmental protection,
improvement of environmental status, elimination of harmful impact of activities)
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Basic laws regulating environmental relations
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RF Constitution
FL 10.01.2002 N 7- FL «Environmental protection» with changes dated 22.08.2004 N 122,
29.12.2004 N 199- FL, 09.05.2005 N 45, 31.12.2005 N 199)
FL «Ambient air protection» № 96, 4.05.1999 with changes dated 22.08.2004 N 122,
09.05.2005 N 45, 31.12.2005 N 199З)
FL «Environmental expertise» 23.11.95. № 174 with changes dated 15.04.1998 N 65,
22.08.2004 , N 122 (29.12.2004), 21.12.2004 N 172, 31.12.2005 N 199).
FL «Consumption and production waste» 24.06.98 N 89
FL «Protection of rights of … entrepreneurs when performing environmental
control/supervision (nadzor)» 8.08.2001 №134
«Licensing particular activities» 11.02.2002 г. № 135
Law «Protection of population ad territories against nature and technogenic (caused
because of human activities) emergency» 27.12.1994, №68
FL «Special preserved areas », FL “Fauna», FL «Mineral resources»
Codes of RF: Forest Code of RSFSR, Water Code of RSFSR, Land Code of RF (25.10.2001
№ 137), Code on administrative transgressions (30.12.2001г. № 195), Criminal Code of RF
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RF Constitution
 Environmental rights and responsibilities of RF citizens
 Property right for land and other nature resources
 Competence of state bodies in nature management and environmental
protection
Everyone has a right for favourable environment.
Everyone must protect environment, take care of natural resources.
Natural resources are the basis for sustainable development, life and
activities of RF people.
A prioritized direction of state environmental policy is to adjust norms and
requirements to international standards step by step.
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FL № 7 «Environmental protection» 10.01.02
Environmental protection approach:
set environmental requirements for the sources of harmful
environmental impact.
 Prohibitive norms – against actions resulting in negative impact on
the environment
 Obligatory norms – set environmental requirements for activities
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 Authorizing norms – provide authority for environmental control
bodies (limits, responsibilities, damages, etc)
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Examples of obligatory norms
Citizens must: protect and take care of nature, resources, meet legal
requirements.
Public and other non-profit organizations must meet environmental protection
requirements.
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Responsibilities of nature management (juridical and natural persons):
meeting norms of permissible impact (waste, emissions)
damage reparation
license (permits) for water use, limits for water supply and discharge
fire safety plans
Prevention of forest pest and vermin, taking forest protection
Measures for fauna objects reproduction, their protection, use of humane methods
Presenting data for state environmental expertise, performing planned activities
according to documentation, passed through state environmental expertise
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Examples of prohibitive requirements
 Exceeding established norms (waste and emissions)
 Waste deposition outside specially equipped sites
 Using objects … without gas treating equipment and equipment
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to control emissions; waste incineration without special
equipment; use of fuel without conformance certificates …
Activities in water protection zones; discharge of domestic
and production waste into water objects
Waste and emissions, waste deposition without permits
Non-target land use
Activities before positive decision of the state environmental
expertise
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Environmental expertise and environmental control
Environmental expertise
Main principle – presumption of potential environmental
danger of planned activities
Main requirement – EIS (environmental impact assessment –
identification, analysis of direct and indirect environmental impacts of
planned activities at a project stage)
Public discussions
- a mechanism to agree interests of different groups
interested in a problem solution
Environmental control
 State, municipal, production, public.
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Responsibility for violation of environmental legislation
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Types of responsibility
Civil legal responsibility (damages)
Administrative responsibility
Criminal responsibility
Disciplinary responsibility
Environmental violation:
Environmental misdemeanour (administrative, civil,
disciplinary)
Environmental crime (criminal)
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Administrative responsibility for administrative misdemeanour.
Examples (MSS – minimum salary size – citizens, officials, juridical
persons)
Water objects protection (pollution) (citizens15(20)- 20(25), officials 30(40) 40(50), juridical person 300(400) - 400(500))
Waste burial in sea (150 - 200 (confiscation), 2000 - 3000 (conf.))
Waste handling (10-20 (earlier 3-5), 20-50 (earlier 5-10), 100- 1500(earlier 50-100))
Soil protection (5-10, 10-20,100 –200)
Land destruction (15-20, 30-40, 300-400)
Forest protection (obligatory requirements) (waste contamination: 5-10, 20(40)30(50), 100(200 )- 300(500))
Environmental expertise (15-20, 50-100, 500-1000)
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Administrative punishment
 A state inspector has a right to make a protocol and apply
administrative punishment according to the following
articles Ко АП РФ: 8.1, 8.19, 8.21, 8.22, 8.23, 14.1(ch.2 and ch.3), 14.26, 17.7,
19.4(ch.1), 19.5(ch.1), 19.7, 19.20 (natural person 10-20 MSS , officials 20-50
MSS, jur.prs 200 - 1000 MSS)
IF environmental payments are not made at fixed time – officials 30-60
MSS, jur.prs 500 - 1000 MSS)
 Environmental crime (the Criminal Code of RF, 01.01.1997)
Chapter 26 «Environmental crime», articles 246-255 (environmental protection
requirements, waste handling requirements, safety requirements when handling
microbiological agents, toxins, waste and air pollution, marine contamination, land
damage, mineral resource management …)
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International cooperation of Russian Federation
International conventions, agreements, cooperation with
international organizations on a bilateral base.
Within the frames of agreements Russia:
 Decreases sulphur emissions;
 Follows temporary moratorium for radioactive matters discharge into marine
environment ;
 Participates in conventions for wildlife protection, swamp areas protection;
 Takes measures to implement the Vienna convention on the ozone layer
protection and Montreal protocol for matters destroying the ozone layer;
 Performs activities according to the Basel convention on control of
transboundary transition and removal of hazardous waste.
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Example. The Kioto Protocol for the UN convention on
climate change (December 10, 1997, Kioto, Japan)
 Signed by Russia March 11, 1999. Ratified in 2004.
 Industrial developed countries and countries with transition
economics, incl. Russia, have a commitment to keep
greenhouse gases emissions on a level fixed in the protocol
in 2008-2012.
 general decrease of greenhouse gases emission - 5% less
comparing with the level in 1990
 For Russia – not higher that the level in 1990.
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