Transcript Red Oak - Iowa State University

Forestry 280
Features of Woods 28-47
#28: Red Oak Quercus rubra
Wide,
oak-type
ray
Earlywood
Pores
Latewood
Pores
#29: White Oak Quercus alba
Banded
Parenchyma
#30: Live Oak Quercus virginiana
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Semi-ring to diffuse
porous; growth ring
boundaries may be
difficult to detect
Broad, oak-type ray
Aggregate ray
Narrow rays also
present
#31: American Chestnut Castanea dentata
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Structure similar to
oaks, but no wide,
oak-type rays
Typically lower in
density than oak
Tyloses often found
“Flameshaped groups
of LW pores”
#32: American Elm Ulmus americana
Single row of
EW pores
LW pores in
“wavy bands”
(“ulmiform”)
#33: Slippery Elm (or Red Elm)
Ulmus rubra
EW Pores often
in “several” rows
(2-6)
WOW! Look at
those ULMIFORM
LW PORES!
#34: Rock Elm Ulmus thomasii
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Earlywood Pores:
Small and indistinct
in intermittent, single
row
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“A single interrupted
row separated by
smaller pores”
#35: Hackberry Celtis occidentalis
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Heartwood Color: Cream,
light brown or light grayish
brown w/yellowish cast
Earlywood: More than one
pore wide (akin to Slippery
Elm)
Latewood: Pores in wavy
bands!! (Hackberry is in
the Ulmaceae, or elm
family)
#36: Red Mulberry Morus rubra
LW Pores are in “nestlike
groups”…sometimes
forming concentric,
interrupted bands – but not
nearly so pronounced as in
the elms.
Loaded with
tyloses! But,
some samples
have few to no
tyloses…
#37: Osage Orange Maclura pomifera
LOADED WITH
TYLOSES:
“USUALLY
COMPLETELY
OCCLUDED”
LW pores in
nested groups that
form distinct
concentric bands
#38: Kentucky Coffeetree Gymnocladus dioicus
Nested LW
pores more
isolated,
sometimes
coalescing
EW Pores in 1few rows; open
(no tyloses)
#39: Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos
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Looks a lot like
Coffeetree – Don’t
separate!!
Note the heartwood
color of #38 & 39
#40: Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia
Pores often
completely
occluded with
tyloses
Note LW pore
pattern!
#41: White Ash Fraxinus americana
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Avg. SG: 0.60
Heartwood Color: Light brown
or grayish brown
Sapwood Color: Creamy white
Pore Distribution: Ring-porous
Earlywood: 2-4 pores wide;
pores mod. large, surrounded by
lighter tissue
Latewood: Pores solitary and in
radial multiples of 2-3
Tyloses: Fairly abundant
Rays: Not distinct to eye, but
clearly visible w/hand lens
#42: Black Ash Fraxinus nigra
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Avg. SG: 0.49
Heartwood Color: Grayish
brown to medium or dark brown
Sapwood Color: Creamy white
Pore Distribution: Ring-porous
Earlywood: 2-4 pores wide;
pores large, surrounded by
lighter tiss.
Latewood: Pores solitary and in
radial multiples of 2-3; not
numerous
Tyloses: Fairly abundant
Rays: Not distinct to eye, but
clearly visible w/hand lens
#43: Catalpa
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Note heartwood color
Note lw pore patterns
Tyloses “variably
abundant”
#44: Butternut Juglans cinerea
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Avg. SG: 0.38
Heartwood Color: Medium or
cinnamon brown, often
w/uneven streaks of color, fluted
growth rings
Pore Distribution: Semi-ringporous
Pores: Earlywood pores fairly
large, decreasing to small in
latewood, solitary or in radial
multiples of 2 to several
Tyloses: Moderately abundant
Parenchyma: Short tangential
lines of banded parenchyma
visible w/hand lens
Rays: Fine but visible
#45: Black Walnut Juglans nigra
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Avg. SG: 0.55
Heartwood Color: Medium
brown to deep chocolate brown
Pore Distribution: Semi-ringporous
Pores: Earlywood pores fairly
large, decreasing to quite small
in outer latewood, pores solitary
or in radial multiples of 2 to
several
Tyloses: Moderately abundant
Parenchyma: Short tangential
lines of banded parenchyma
visible with lens
Rays: Fine, visible but not
conspicuous w/lens
#46: Hickory
A True Hickory: Shagbark Hickory Carya ovata
Note the “fishnet” (or “lacelike”) pattern in lw, formed
by intersection of the fine
rays and banded parenchyma
True hickories are
ring-porous
#46: Hickory - Pecan Hickory Carya illinoensis
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Pecan hickories are
semi-ring porous…this
looks like a poor
example! (See next
slide)
What are these
diagonal,
whitish lines???
#46 - Hickory, Carya, spp.
True Hickory
Pecan Hickory
#47: Tanoak Lithocarpus densiflorus
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Wood is DIFFUSE
porous
The wide rays are
“aggregate rays” that
tend to be irregularlyspaced on the crosssection
Acknowledgement
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Photomacrographs by Zach Kriess
Supplemental photomacrographs (those with
white text showing scientific name) courtesy
of the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products
Laboratory