Transcript Document

Earth, Moon, & Sun
Chapter 5 Review
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The Movement of Earth
Earth’s rotation takes about 24 hours (spinning on
its axis) 1 day
Day and night are caused by Earth’s rotation on
it’s axis
One complete revolution (orbit) of the Earth
around the Sun is one year
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Seasons
One complete revolution (orbit) of Earth around the Sun
takes about one year. Earth has seasons because its axis
is tilted as it moves around the Sun.
It is generally warmer near the equator than the poles
because the sunlight his the Earth’s surface more directly
at the equator. The energy is spread out at the poles.
An equinox occurs when neither hemisphere is tilted
toward or away from the Sun; day & night are about equal
length.
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Sunlight on Earth
When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the
sun, it will be summer there summer solstice (June –
August) and it will be winter in the Southern
Hemisphere.
When the Southern Hemisphere is tilted towards the
sun, it will be summer there, summer solstice
(December – February) and it will be winter in the
Northern Hemisphere.
The 2 hemispheres have opposite seasons.
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The Moon’s Motion
The Moon rotates on its axis as it revolves
(orbits) around the Earth. These 2 motions
take about the same time, (about 1 month).
So the same side of the moon always faces
Earth.
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Moon Phases
As the moon orbits Earth, its sunlit side is seen from
different angles.
For a solar eclipse to occur, the moon must be
directly between Earth and the Sun. (New moon)
Sun – Moon – Earth
For a lunar eclipse to occur, the Earth must be directly
between the Sun and the moon. (Full moon)
Sun – Earth – Moon
The amount of the lit side of the moon you can see is the
same during the 1st and 3rd quarter moon phases.
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Eclipses
The darkest part of the moon’s shadow during a lunar
eclipse is called the umbra. The lighter shadow around
the umbra is the penumbra.
A lunar eclipse occurs during the full moon phase.
A solar eclipse occurs during the new moon phase.
During a solar eclipse, you can see the solar corona from
Earth.
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Tide Cycle
Tides are caused mainly by differences in how much gravity
from the moon and the sun pulls on different parts of Earth.
Spring Tide:
The sun, moon & Earth are all lined up. Occurs during the
New Moon & Full Moon phases. There is a greater height
difference between the tides.
Neap Tide:
The sun, moon, & Earth are at a 90 degree angle.
Occurs during the 1st Quarter & 3rd Quarter Moon phases.
There is a smaller height difference between tides.
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