Transcript Measuring GHG emissions - Football Boots Database

Measuring GHG
Emissions
Energizing Cleaner Production
Management Course
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Session Agenda:
GHG types and sources
GHG Indicator to calculate
emissions
GHG accounting and reporting
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Step 1: Planning and Organization
But first…
In what step(s)
of the
methodology
is (energy and)
GHG
measurement
relevant?
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task 1a: Meeting with top management
task 1b: Form a Team and inform staff
task 1c: Pre-assessment to collect general information
task 1d: Select focus areas
task 1e: Prepare assessment proposal for top management approval
Step 2: Assessment
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task 2a: Staff meeting and training
task 2b: Prepare focus area flow charts
task 2c: Walkthrough of focus areas
task 2d: Quantify inputs and outputs and costs to establish a baseline
task 2e: Quantify losses through a material and energy balance
Step 3: Identification of Options
• task 3a: Determine causes of losses
• task 3b: Identify possible options
• task 3c: Screen options for feasibility analysis
Step 4: Feasibility Analysis of Options
• task 4a: Technical, economic and environmental evaluation of options
• task 4b: Rank feasible options for implementation
• task 4c: Prepare implementation and monitoring proposal for top
management approval
Step 5: Implementation and Monitoring of Options
• task 5a: Implement options and monitor results
• task 5b: Evaluation meeting with top management
Step 6: Continuous Improvement
• task 6a: Prepare proposal to continue with energy efficiency for top
management approval
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GHG types and sources:
Greenhouse Gases
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GHG types and sources:
GHG sources
• Industrial sources
–
–
–
–
Fuel use
Electricity use
Industrial processes
Transport
• Non-industry and natural sources
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–
Volcanoes
Cattle
Forest fires
Others
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Sources of GHG: industrial processes
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GHG Indicator
• Based on UNEP/IPCC methodology
for GHG emission calculations
• Provides common method for reporting
GHG emissions
• Used by organizations to calculate
GHG emissions from energy use and
other sources
• Used by Governments to translate
national GHG targets (e.g. Kyoto
Protocol) to industrial targets
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GHG Indicator:
Methodology
Raw data
Conversion
Aggregation
Normalisation
1. Fuel use
2. Electricity
use
3. Industrial
processes
GHG
emissio
n factor
Total
GHG
emission
s
Normalised
GHG
emissions
4. Transport
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GHG Indicator:
1. Fuel Use
Fuel
Annual Fuel
Consumption
(Tons)
Emission
Factor t
CO2
t CO2equivalent
Coal
500
X 1.85
=
925
Refinery
stock
3502
X 3.25
=
11382
X 3.09
=
139
Petroleum 45
coke
TOTAL
4047
12446
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GHG Indicator:
2. Electricity Use
Electricity
Annual
electricity
consumption
(kWh)
Emission
Factor t
CO2
t CO2
equivalent
Imported
1,000,000
X 0.000618
=
61.80
Exported
100,000
X 0.000618
=
6.18
TOTAL
900,000
55.62
Exported electricity is not included in
the total
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GHG Indicator:
3. Industrial Processes
Emission
source
Annual
consumption
(tonnes)
CFC 11
0.1
X 3400
=
340
Lime
10,000
X 0.396
=
3960
TOTAL
Emission
Factor t
CO2
t CO2
equivalent
4300
CO2 is released when lime is burned
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GHG Indicator:
4. Transport
Transport
mode
Annual travel
(km)
EF tCO2 /
km
t CO2
Car
Petrol
20,000
0.00019
=
3.8
Car
Diesel
100,000
0.00016
=
16
Train
150,000
0.00034
=
51
TOTAL
270,000
equivalent
70.8
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GHG Indicator:
Aggregation
Source
t CO2
equivalent
1
Fuel use
12446
2
Electricity use
55.62
3
Industrial process
4300
4
Transport
70.8
TOTAL
16872
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GHG Indicator:
Normalisation
Normalising Annual
t CO2
Normalised
factor
figures
t CO2
Turnover
$ 20,000,000 16872
0.000844
Added value $ 500,000
0.033744
16872
Employees
500
16872
33.744
Units of
production
1,350,000
tonnes
16872
0.012498
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GHG Indicator:
Reporting
Year
1990
Total t
CO2
16872
Production Normalised
(tonnes)
t CO2
1,350,000 0.012498
1991
18823
1,500,000
0.012549
24267
2,000,000
0.012134
….
2002
43.8%
2.9%
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GHG Indicator:
GHG Indicators by sector
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GHG Indicator Quiz
Let’s test what you have learnt!
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GHG Accounting and Reporting
Reasons for GHG accounting and
reporting
• Internal reporting to measure progress
against targets & identify EE opportunities
• Legal requirement to report
• Voluntary reporting under programs
• Public environmental / CSR reports
• Emissions trading schemes
• CDM or JI
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• Other…
GHG Accounting and Reporting
The GHG Protocol lists 5
accounting & reporting principles:
• Relevance
• Completeness
• Consistency
• Transparency
• Accuracy
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GHG Accounting and Reporting:
Relevance
Define boundaries:
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Organizational structures
Operational boundaries
Business context
Specific inclusions / exclusions
A multinational operates a plant but owns
only 60% of shares
Do you count 100% or 60% of emissions?
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GHG Accounting and Reporting:
Completeness
Include all GHG sources & activities
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Fuel use
Electricity use
Industrial processes
Transport
Sometimes companies do not include all
emission sources / activities
Can you think of reasons why?
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GHG Accounting and Reporting:
Completeness (cont.)
• #
Direct and Indirect Emissions of a Company
Source: GHG Protocol, www.ghgprotocol.org, adapted from NZBSCD
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GHG Accounting and Reporting:
Consistency
Meaningful comparison of
emissions over time
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Production changes
Process changes
Acquisitions, mergers, sales
Outsourcing
Why is it important that GHG emissions be
compared between different years?
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GHG Accounting and Reporting:
Transparency
It is clear how emissions were
calculated (“audit trail”)
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Measurements
Assumptions
Calculation methods
References
Exclusions or inclusions
Who makes use of the “audit trail” of data?
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GHG Accounting and Reporting:
Transparency (cont.)
Independent External Auditors
• Review of inventory
• Provide assurance on data quality & accuracy
Corporate Team
• Check quality of incoming data
• Compile data
• Analyze emission inventory and forecast against BP’s
GHG target
320 Reporting Units:
• Complete standard pro-forma spreadsheet every
quarter: emissions & forecasts
• Account for variances
• Use BP’s GHG Reporting Guidelines
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GHG Accounting and Reporting:
Accuracy
Data must be “materially” accurate
• Measurement methods
• Calculation methods
• Aggregation and reporting
What can a company do to improve data
accuracy?
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GHG Accounting and Reporting:
Reporting Emissions
Minimum information to be reported
• Company and inventory boundary
– Organizational boundaries
– Operational boundaries
– Reporting period
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GHG Accounting and Reporting:
Reporting Emissions (cont.)
Minimum information to be reported
• Information on emissions
– Direct (scope 1) and indirect (scope 2)
emissions – total and separate
– Emissions for 6 GHGs
– Current and base year emissions
– Significant changes since base year
– Direct CO2 emissions from biologically
sequestered carbon
– Methodologies for calculation/
measurement
– Specific exclusions
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GHG Accounting and Reporting:
Verification of GHG Emissions
• Verification is objective assessment of
– Accuracy and completeness of GHG
information
– Conformity to GHG accounting and reporting
principles
• Why verification?
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Increased credibility of reported emissions
Increased senior management confidence
Improved accounting & reporting
Preparation for mandatory verification
requirements
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Summary
• GHG emission accounting and
reporting increasingly important
• GHG Indicator useful tool to calculate
GHG emissions
• Don’t assume data company gives you
are accurate and complete!! (think of
the 5 principles)
• Verification improves the credibility /
reliability of GHG data
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
Measuring GHG
Emissions
Thank you for your attention!
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Acknowledgements
• This training session was prepared as part of the
development and delivery of the course “Energizing
Cleaner Production” funded by InWent, Internationale
Weiterbildung und Entwicklung (Capacity Building
International, Germany) and carried out by the United
Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
• The session is based on UNEP’s “The GHG Indicator”
(www.uneptie.org/energy/tools/ghgin/index.htm) and
the WBCSD/WRI’s “The GHG Protocol - A Corporate
Accounting and Reporting Standard, revised edition”
(www.ghgprotocol.org)
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