Transcript ROMANIA
ROMANIAN EDUCATION Education Law Basic principles • Education is a national priority • Education is based on democratic values • Romania endorses the principle of equal chances in education regardless of gender, individual characteristics – physical or mental impairments, cultural or socio-economic background, mother tongue, ethnic origin, religion etc. • Minorities have a right to education in their own language • Public education is tax free Pre-university education The compulsory education begins at the age of 6 There are 10 grades of compulsory education: I – X divided in 3 cycles: I – IV – PRIMARY SCHOOL V – VIII – GYMNASIUM IX – X - SECONDARY SCHOOL (JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL) Consequence: • Young people leave compulsory education at the age of 16, when the law allows them to be integrated in the work market • The secondary school structure give young people the opportunity to chose, within the compulsory education frame, the vocational education the art and trades school XI – XII – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IS NOT COMPULSORY • Students who attend senior high school prepare themselves for university studies University education There were implemented the legal provisions, of the Bologna decisions: • First cycle (3-4 years), leading to bachelor degree • Second cycle (1-2 years), leading to master degree • Third cycle (3 years), leading to PhD The European transferable credits system was implemented University specializations were restructured Curriculum • • • • • • • The curricular framework includes: The core curriculum (common core and differentiated curriculum), containing the compulsory subjects and the number of hours allocated to each subject, designed and approved at national level The school based curriculum, decided by the school management on the base of the students, parents and community’s interests and needs The syllabus for the core curriculum subjects, the syllabus is elaborated by commissions of specialists, it is endorsed by the National Board for Curriculum and approved by the minister of education for school based curriculum, the syllabus is designed at the level of the school and approved by the specialty inspector of each county Text books Alternative textbooks can be elaborated for the same syllabus The ministry approves the textbooks which can be used in schools The teachers have the right to choose the appropriate textbook, from the approved list Teacher guidelines are usually elaborated by the National Board for Curriculum Romania has adopted and explicitly mentioned in the curriculum the 8 domains of key competences: - Communication in the mother tongue - Communication in foreign languages - Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology - ICT skills - Learning to learn - Interpersonal and social competences - Entrepreneurship - Cultural awareness The new educational policy is to develop CREATIVITY and INOVATION both on teachers and students. For the primary school and gymnasium education the creation activity is a general objective • communication competencies are obtained by training pupils to elaborate compositions, poems, essays, stories, etc. • in mathematics and sciencies curricular area pupils are trained to create and solve their own problems • in arts area pupils are taught to draw, paint, create collages Evaluation is done by adjectival marks: insatisfactory, satisfactory, good, very good. The educator is a schoolmaster (pedagogical high school/ pedagogical college graduate or primary school teacher) During the secondary compulsory education (IX – X grades), the curriculum includes the arts curriculum area, ICT classes, and in the noncompulsory educational level (XI - XII) creativity is developed also by extracurricular activities, international projects, educational programs. Students have the opportunity to participate in Olympiads of different subject, school contest, different types of European projects and drama, dance or folkloric festivals in collaboration with the local community and the educational authorities. Good practice examples: The Programs and Partnerships Department from the School Inspectorate of Bucharest promotes and coordinates numerous programs that develops intitiave, creativity and free expression: Leonardo de Vinci project no. 2005 / 95060 /EXCHANGE: „School manager training to developabilities for total quality development in education” •Leonardo de Vinci mobility project no. LLPLdV/ VETPRO/2008RO/186 "Teacher training for career development of young people" •Leonardo de Vinci mobility project no. LLPLdV/ VETPRO/2008RO/135 " Formation responsible for the development of European co-financing projects from the Structural Funds 2008-2013 for undergraduate education“ •Leonardo de Vinci mobility project no. LLPLdV/ VETPRO/2009RO/129 "Sustainable Development and Practical pedagogical" •Grundtvig Learning Partnership project-GRU-09-P-LP-35-B-FR/2009 "Adult literacy and training for sustainable development" •2006/018-147.01.01 PHARE project "Impact assessment and dissemination PHARE Program "Access to education for disadvantaged groups“ •“Festival of Your Opportunities” "•Let’s read for the third millennium“ Early Education Reform Project (PRICE) “All in kindergarten! Everyone in 1st grade” •“Diversity-One more chance for the future” •“I am a citizen - I know my rights!” •IUSES - Intelligent use of Energy at School “Together for a community based on participation, mutual respect and support” ”Roma children prepare for Kindergarten!” Global Campaign for Education ”Mosaic-intercultural education in ethnically mixed communities”, Phase II, 2008-2010 • "Strategic Steps to improve access to education for Roma children" •The project "Europe Agenda" •"Organizational Development and Decentralization in Bucharest - school education pilot study of organizational culture and impact of leadership" •“Equal opportunities for women and men in global crisis" Program “Second chance in primary and lower secondary" •Continuing education program for middle school and high school teachers "Pestalozzi" •"Doors open to the future" •"Young people in interaction" •"Saturday we read in Diverta" •"Egypt. Earth Eternal - open door to a mystery" •"Your high school astronomy week" •"Book and Arts", "Writers of yesterday, today, tomorrow“ RIUF, Edmundo •"Bucharest Educational Fair” •"PAL-TIN - Youth participation in Local Administration" •"Youth in Europe - A Drug Prevention Program" • ... ... and many others Thank you for your attention.