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Polarization Natural Radiation Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Linear Polarizer Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Mallus;s Law Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Producing Linear Polarization • • • • Dichroism or selective absorption Scattering Reflection Birefringence or double vision Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Dichroism Wire-mesh polarizer Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Dichroic Crystals Tourmaline – coloured crystal Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Polaroid H sheet • • • • • • Possibly most commonly used polarizer Inventor E H Land in 1938 Polyvinyl alcohol sheet heated and stretched Dipped in iodine rich ink Iodine chains along direction of stretching Acts like a wire mesh Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Scattering Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Sky light is polarized Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Reflection Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Brewster’s Law Brewster’s angle Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Birefringence • • • • • Occurs in anisotropic crystals Refractive Index ne when E along x axis Refractive Index no when E perp. to x axis Optic axis along x Uniaxial Crystal Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Birefringence positive Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Wollaston Prism Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Quarter Wave Plate Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Linear to Circular Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Partially Polarized Light Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/ Degree of Polarization Somnath Bharadwaj and Pratik Khastgir, Department of Physics and Meteorology, IIT Kharagpur, 721 302 India http://www.cts.iitkgp.ernet.in/~phy1/