Transcript What is differentiated instruction?

Differentiated Instruction
Modifications
RtI
David Keithley, Director of Special Education
Stephanie Gain, Diagnostician
Differentiated instruction is an instructional
theory that allows teachers to face this
challenge by taking diverse student factors
into account when planning and delivering
instruction.
Based on this theory, teachers can structure
learning environments that address the
variety of learning styles, interests, and
abilities found within a classroom.
Can
you
Believe
??
Not
all students
are
alike!!
Differentiation is
responsive teaching
rather than one-sizefits all teaching
Why do I have to differentiate
instruction
 Your students may lack the prerequisite skills needed
to learn the material.
 They may not have mastered everything from the
previous grade
 They also may have a lower cognitive ability or may be
dealing with a learning disability.
 Or they might just learn different from the others.
What Differentiated Instruction
Means for Teachers
DO
DON'T
 provide several learning
 develop a separate lesson plan
options, or different paths to
learning, which help students
take in information
comprehend concepts and
skills.
 provide appropriate levels of
challenge for all students,
including those who are
behind, those who are ahead
and those that are right on
target.
for each student in a
classroom.
 "water down" the curriculum
for some students.
 Believe that a child “just wont
get it.”
So how do I do this?
Get to know your students
Determine their:
STUDENT READINESS-did they come to you with the
prerequisites needed to be successful
THEIR INTERESTS-what interests them that you might
be able to use when delivering content
THEIR LEARNING PROFILE-are they kinesthetic
learners? Do you need to use a more hands on
approach, or are they more auditory and will pick up
on the material better through song
Planning for Differentiated
Instruction
 There are three areas in which teachers differentiate.
They are:
Content
Process
Product
 CONTENT is what the students learn. This
is the objective. Content can be
differentiated by having multiple materials
and resources like textbooks, picture or
chapter books, magazines, videos, artifacts,
or the Internet.
 PROCESS is how the students learn the
content. This is based on students' needs.
Some students may learn better in a group,
while others learn by working alone.
Students may learn by reading and writing
or by acting it out.
 PRODUCT is how students demonstrate
what and how much they have learned. This
could be a unit test, a project, a speech, or a
written essay.
What can I use to help me
differentiate instruction?
Strategies for Differentiating
Instruction
•
pre-tests to assess where individual students need to begin study of a given topic or unit.
•Utilize pre-tests to assess where individual students need to
Based
on Content
• Encourage
thinking at various levels of Bloom's taxonomy.
begin study of a given topic or unit.
•Use a variety
of instructional
delivery methods to address
Use a variety of instructional delivery methods to address
different
learning styles.
different learning styles.
Break assignments into smaller, more manageable •Break
parts that
include structured directions for each
assignments into smaller, more manageable parts that
part.
include structured directions for each part.
• Choose broad instructional concepts and skills that lend themselves to understanding at various
levels of complexity.
•Provide access to a variety of materials which target different
Based
ononProcess
• Based
ProcessProvide access to a variety of materials
target
different
learning preferences
learningwhich
preferences
and
reading abilities.
and reading abilities.
•Develop activities that target auditory, visual, and kinesthetic
learners.
• Develop activities that target auditory, visual, and kinesthetic
learners.
•Establish stations for inquiry-based, independent learning
• Establish stations for inquiry-based, independent learning activities.
activities.
• Create activities that vary in level of complexity and
degree
of abstract
thinking
•Create
activities
that vary
in levelrequired.
of complexity and degree of
abstract
required.
• Use flexible grouping to group and regroup students
basedthinking
on factors
including content, ability, and
•Use flexible grouping to group and regroup students based on
assessment results.
factors including
content,
ability, and assessment
results.
• Based on ProductUse a variety of assessment strategies,
including
performance-based
and openended assessment.
•Use a variety of assessment strategies, including performance• Balance teacher-assigned and student-selected projects.
Based
on
Product
basedof
and
open-ended
assessment.
• Offer students a choice of projects that reflect a variety
learning
styles
and interests.
•Offer students a choice of projects that reflect a variety of
• Make assessment an ongoing, interactive process. learning styles and interests.
•
•
•Make assessment an ongoing, interactive process.
Accommodations and
Modifications
 Modification means a change in what is being
taught to or expected from the student. Making an
assignment easier so the student is not doing the same
level of work as other students is an example of a
modification.
 Accommodation is a change that helps a
student overcome or work around the disability.
Allowing a student who has trouble writing to give his
answers orally is an example of an accommodation.
ACCOMMODATIONS
 They do not alter
the stand or what
the student is
expected to master.
MODIFICATIONS
 They are changes
that DO lower or
alter the standard or
expectation of the
course
Modification
=
The WHAT
Accommodation
=
The HOW
Examples of Accommodations
 Quantity

#of questions
 Time

Extended amount of time
 Level of Support

Peer tutors, teacher small
group
 Input

Hands on activities,
groups
 Output

Adapt how the student
will respond to instruction
 Participation

Adapt how much the
student needs to be
involved
Examples of Modifications
 Difficulty

Adjust the assignment to lower the grade level
 Alternate Goals

Same assignment but different goal
 Substitute Curriculum

Different instruction or material
Can you tell
the difference?
 Susie has an intellectual disability. She is placed in a
self‐contained class, but she has been participating in
some general education classes. Susie’s 4th grade
general education teacher has required her to
participate in spelling tests. Susie received a failing
grade for the past 4 spelling tests. The teacher has
decided to reduce the number of spelling words on
Susie’s list. She is only responsible for the single
syllable words on the spelling list each week.
MODIFICATION
 Marco is a high school student who does not receive
special education or Section 504 services. In his
Algebra I class, Marco often makes mistakes when
multiplying or dividing large numbers with decimals.
When Marco uses a calculator, he arrives at the correct
answer.
ACCOMMODATION
 Bobby has a learning disability in reading. He is
overwhelmed by long reading passages, because he
cannot read on grade level. Bobby needs to learn
about main idea and supporting details. The teacher
provides Bobby a story on his reading level. Bobby
only has to identify the main idea while the rest of
the class must identify the main idea and supporting
details.
MODIFICATION
 Patricia has a learning disability in mathematics. Her
teacher has required her to complete the first 10 fast
fact problems , but she does not have to reduce to
simplest form). The rest of the class must complete the
entire page of addition fractions and reduce to the
simplest form, including challenging questions
numbers 1‐30.
MODIFICATION
 Malcolm’s scores on in‐class assignments and
assessments improve when he is provided with large
print material. The teacher provides Malcolm
materials with larger print because she has observed
that his comprehension also greatly improves.
ACCOMMODATION
 Jacob is a ninth grade student who receives special
education services under the category of Other Health
Impairment. When reading, Jacob continuously blinks
and moves his head, skips lines, omits or transposes
words, and loses his place often, even when using a
place marker. He sits at the teacher’s computer so he
can follow along during PowerPoint presentations.
ACCOMMODATION
Knowing the answer and being able to articulate it clearly are two different things!
Accommodations and modifications help students demonstrate what they DO
know.
Response to Intervention
 Response to Intervention, RTI, is a three-tier
prevention, early identification and intervention
strategy provided by the general education teacher in
the general education classroom.
 It is based on the concept of providing evidence-based
instructional and behavioral strategies by highly
qualified staff that specifically addresses the needs of
the student and is monitored and reviewed frequently.
 The information collected during the RTI process is
used to make informed educational decisions
regarding the student’s educational program.
A look at all three
Accommodations
DO
• Change the environment
•Change the method
•Allows students
fair/equal access to
education
Modifications
DO
• Change the curriculum
•Change the behavioral
expectations
•Changes the standards
for the individual
students
Interventions
DO
• Teach new skills
•Teach new behaviors
•Focus on the needs of the •Changes the expectations •Includes assessment,
individual
•Based on their ability
planning, and data
•Environment is adjusted
collection
•Provides relief to the
student
•In some cases (504)
mandated by law
• Provides relief to the
student
•In some cases (IEPs)
mandated by law
•Are situation specific and
based upon the student’s
needs
Differentiation means tailoring
instruction to meet individual needs.
Whether teachers differentiate content,
process, products, or the learning
environment, the use of ongoing
assessment and flexible grouping
makes this a successful approach to
instruction.
What do you think?
Rajiv is a fourth grade student who receives
special education services for disabilities in
reading and mathematics. He has difficulty in all
areas of reading such as decoding words, blends,
and frequently used sight words.
What accommodations can be utilized to address this student’s need?
Eliza is a fifth grade student not receiving special
education or Section 504 services. She struggles with
mathematics computations, but her performance
improves when she uses a calculator.
What accommodations can be utilized to address this student’s need?
Jesse is able to recall basic mathematics facts;
However, when solving more complex mathematics
problems with algorithms, he is unable to remember
the steps and often loses his place. Jesse has attended
afterschool tutoring all year, but scores on his
classroom assignments and tests indicate that his
performance has not improved.
What accommodations can be utilized to address this student’s need?
Victor is an eighth grade student who receives
special education services to address his needs
related to a physical disability. Victor does not
struggle with mathematics reasoning and
computation; however, he is only able to write
with a pencil for short amounts of time because
his muscles become fatigued easily and begin to
cramp.
What accommodations can be utilized to address this student’s
need?