Transcript Solar System Exploration Overview

Planetary Instrument Definition &
Development Program (PIDDP)
Planetary Science Division / Science Mission Directorate
April 28, 2007
Jonathan A. R. Rall
Discipline Scientist
PIDDP
• Supports initial definition and development of innovative
instruments for future missions in Discovery, New
Frontiers, Mars Exploration Programs and planetary
flagship missions
• Limited to TRL 1-4 (breadboard, not brassboard)
• Instrument technology to measure atmospheric and surface
composition, particles and fields, and properties of bodies
in the solar system
• Sample collection and sample handling, drills, etc.
Past & Current Instrument Technology Development
Programs at NASA
Instrument Development - SMD
Earth-Sun
Science
Division
Missions
Advanced Component Technology ( ACT)
Development programs applicable
to only ESSD missions
Solar Instrument Concepts ( SR&T)
Geospace Instrument Development ( G/IP)
Instrument Incubator Program ( IIP)
Flight Validation (NMP, others)
Mars
Exploration
Program
Missions
Planetary Instruments ( PIDD)
Development programs applicable
to only MEP missions
Astrobiology Instrument Development ( ASTID)
Mars Instrument Development ( MID)
Flight Validation (NMP, others)
Planetary Instruments ( PIDD)
Solar System
Exploration
Division
Missions
Outer planets and Lunar programs
lack a TRL4-6 instrument
development program
Astrobiology Instrument Development ( ASTID)
High Capability Instrument Concepts (cancelled)
High Capability Instrument Development (cancelled)
Flight Validation (NMP, others)
1
Basic
Principles
JTP_052a
2
Concept
Formulated
3
Proof of
Concept
4
5
Component Component
Lab Tests Environ Tests
6
System
Demo
7
8
9
Prototype
Flight
Flight
Space Demo
Qualified
Proven
NASA Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
Fig. 1 NASA Instrument development programs currently cover a number of science and exploration goals, but there is
a critical gap between feasibility and flight readiness for instruments designed for the outer planets and lunar programs.
Integrated Science Instrument
Maturation Program
2 Months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
TRL
PI
Instrument
Concept
Lab Instrument
Or Heritage
Instrument
Core
Instrument
Concept
Definition &
Development
(TRL 1-4)
Focused
Instrument
Technology
Development
(TRL 5-6)
• ROSES Programs (Core & Focused) with
multi-divisional components (Planetary,
Astrophysics, Heliophysics, Earth)
• ROSES NRA Proposal
• TRL assessment following each of the first two
year’s work
• TRL assessment by board at the end of the
final year’s work
• Core awards up to 5 yrs @ ~$225 K/yr
• Missions of Opportunity
(MoO) AO Proposal
• Focused awards up to 5 yrs @ ~$450 K /yr
• Number of new starts dependent on budget
Mission of
Opportunity
MOO
(TRL 7-9)
• Annual AO with multi-divisional
components
• Class III and/or Suborbital Q&A and
review processes
• Awards are for 3 yrs @ $1 - 3M /yr
PIDDP Review Process
• What’s the review process?
• If it’s FY07, why are we just hearing about PIDDP PY06?
• Why does it often take a year to hear about my proposal?
• Why do the consensus reviews sometimes seem like
they’ve reviewed someone else’s proposal?
Schedule ROSES 2006 PIDDP
• NRA released
January 23, 2006
• NOIs due
June 16, 2006
• Proposals due
Sept 27, 2006
• Review Panel Meeting
February 20-23, 2007
• Initial Selection
March 27, 2007
• Next Deadline
August 3, 2007
PIDDP Panel Review
Group
Number of Proposals
Dust & E -Fields
9
Geophysics
17
Infrared (IR)
15
Lasers & Raman
17
Mass Spectrometry
17
UV-Vis-NIR
13
X-ray/Neutron/Gamma & Sample Handling
17
PIDDP06 Proposal - Breakdown by Institution
35
30
Number of Proposals
25
20
15
10
5
0
U nivers ity
JP L
N A SA
G oddard
I ndus try
O ther
G ov't L abs
N A SA
A mes
Instit ut ion
N A SA L aR CN on-P rofit
N A SA
M SFC
N A SA
G lenn
PIDDP Awards - by Institution
Institution Ty pe
University
JPL
NASA
Industry
PIDDP Awards by Amount
9
8
Number of Awards
7
6
5
New Awards
Continuing Awards
4
3
2
1
0
<100K
100-150K
151-200K
201-250K
Award Amount ($K)
251-300K
>300K
PIDDP Recent History
Year
Number
Proposals
Number
Selected
$Budget
$Average/
Proposal
Win Rate
FY04
50
15
7.5M
190K
30%
FY05
66
12
7.6M
230K
20%
FY06
100
10
7.7M
260K
10%
FY07
107
13*
7.2M*
233K
12%*
*Initial selection, will possibly increase with additional funding and further selections
PIDDP Lifecycle
• Instruments on MSL have PIDDP
heritage
– ChemCam, CheMin, SAM, cameras
• CheMin XRF/XRD as example
lifecycle
– PIDDP 1994 and 1997
– ASTID 2000
– MIDP 2002
– MSL selection 2004
Chemistry & Mineralogy (CheMin)
Principal Investigator: David Blake
NASA Ames Research Center
CheMin performs quantitative
mineralogy and elemental composition
• X-ray diffraction & X-ray fluorescence
(XRD/XRF); standard techniques for
laboratory analysis
• Identification and quantification of
minerals in geologic materials (e.g.,
basalts, evaporites, soils)
Chemistry & Micro-Imaging (ChemCam)
Principal Investigator: Roger Wiens
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Centre d’Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements
ChemCam performs elemental
analyses through laser-induced
breakdown spectroscopy
• Rapid characterization of rocks and
soils from a distance of up to 9
meters
• 240-800 nm spectral range
• Dust removal over a ~1-cm region;
depth profiling within a ~1-mm spot
• Helps classify hydrated minerals,
ices, organic molecules, and
weathering rinds
Basalt LIBS Spectrum
Mast Unit
Spectrometers
• High-resolution context imaging
(resolves 0.8 mm at 10 m)
Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM)
Principal Investigator: Paul Mahaffy
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
SAM Suite Instruments
Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (QMS)
Gas Chromatograph (GC)
Tunable Laser Spectrometer (TLS)
• Search for organic compounds of biotic and
prebiotic relevance, including methane, and
explore sources and destruction paths for
carbon compounds
• Reveal chemical state of other light
elements that are important for life as we
know it on Earth
• Study the habitability of Mars by measuring
oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide
• Investigate atmospheric and climate
evolution through isotope measurements of
noble gases and light elements
• QMS: molecular and isotopic composition
in the 2-535 Dalton mass range for
atmospheric and evolved gas samples
• GC: resolves complex mixtures of
organics into separate components
• TLS: abundance and precision (3-50 per
mil) isotopic composition of CH4, H2O,
CO2, N2O, and H2O2
PIDDP Success
JPL / Mars Laser Hygrometer (MLH) / Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometer
Dr. Webster's Tunable Laser Spectrometer
(TLS) was selected as part of the Sample
Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite on board the
Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) due to launch in 2009
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
“Stratospheric Monitoring Using a
Balloon-borne Tunable Diode Laser
Spectrometer”, C.R. Webster and R.T.
Menzies, Laser Analyt. Lett. 1, 1 (1984).
MSL Mars Decent Imager
The MARDI requirement will be drawn from the optics
designed as part of the PIDDP study (FOV = 73.4° ).
Mars Observer Camera (MOC)
The Principal Investigator acknowledges pre-mission support
through PIDDP grants NAGW-524 and NASW-4075
SHIMMER - Spatial Hetereodyne Spectrometer
NRL SHIMMER on STPSat-1 now Operational
NRL SSD Code 7640; March 23, 2007
An innovative ultraviolet atmospheric sounder built at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) was launched
into low earth orbit on Thursday, March 8 on the Space Test Program Satellite-1 (STPSat-1; Illustration
-Right). The Atlas V launch from Cape
The two main goals of the SHIMMER mission are to demonstrate SHS for long-duration (greater than
one year) spaceflight, and to measure altitude profiles of the hydroxyl radical (OH) between 40 and
100 km altitude.
PIDDP
Questions?