Timeline of Slovenia

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Transcript Timeline of Slovenia

700s

• 745 - Karantania loses its independence and becomes a margraviate and tantamount part of the semifeudal Frankish empire later under the rule of king Charlemagne (742-814, reigned 771-814) due to pressing danger of Avar tribes from the east.

800s • 803 - Christian Church divides Slovene territory along the Drava river between the Salzburg archdiocese and the Patriarchate of Aquileia. • 843 - Karantania passes into the hands of Louis the German (804-876) . • 876 - The principality of Prince Kocelj (Balaton Principality), the last Slavic state formation in the region, loses its independence.

887 - Arnulf of Carinthia (850-899) a grandson of Louis the German assumes his title of King of the East Franks and becomes the first Duke of Carinthia. 894/895 - Great Moravia probably loses a part of its territory - present-day Western Hungary- to Arnulf of Carinthia, who failed to conquer Great Moravia in 892, 893, 894/895 and 899 895 - Accord between Arnulf of Carinthia and the Bohemian Duke Borivoj (reigned 870-895), Bohemia is freed from the danger of invasion. 896 - The Magyars from Asia, led by Arpad, settle in the region around the Theiss River (Hungary) 899 December 8 - Arnulf of Carinthia dies.

900s

Circa 906 - Invading Magyars destroy the weakened empire of Moravia. 907 - Slovene territory is settled by the Magyars. 952-1180 - The Great Karantania. 955 - German king Otto I (912-973, reigned 936 973) at the Battle of Lechfeld near Augsburg defeats the Magyars, halting their advance in central Europe, Austrian March is established. 976 - Karantania becomes a duchy in its own right, including Styria and the present East Tirol provinces.

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1000s-1100s

1000 - Carinthia, Styria and Carniola provinces emerging on a territory of Karantania. 1122-1137 - The first mention of Celje in the early Middle Ages under the name of Cylie in Admont's Chronicle, Circa 1142 - Herman of Carinthia (circa 1100-circa 1160) in León among other begins to translate the Qur'an into Latin. 1144 - The first records mentions Ljubljana by its modern name (by its German name Laibach). 1146 - Ljubljana is mentioned by the name Luwigana. 1168 - The temple of Svetovid in the Baltic Sea is destroyed by the Danish king Valdemar the Great (1131-1182, reigned 1157 1182).

1200s

• 1220 - Ljubljana receives its town rights. • 1269 - The Karantanian dynasty becomes extinct. • 1273 October 24 - Habsburg count Rudolph I (1218-1291) is crowned in Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) as a German king. • 1274 - Bohemian king Ottokar II. (reigned as a king 1253-1278) a candidate for the German throne refuses to appear or to restore the provinces of Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola which he had seized. The way he got named provinces they believed was contentious. • 1278 August 26 - The battle of the river March between Ottokar II. and Rudolph I. allianced with a Hungarian king Ladislaus IV. Ottokar is defeated and killed. • 1282 - The rule of Habsburg dukes over most Slovene lands begins.

1300s-1400s

1335 - The Duchy of Carinthia is bestowed by Louis the Bavarian on the dukes of Austria.

1400s

1414 - The Habsburg Duke Ernest the Iron thrones according to the ancient Karantanian ritual of installing dukes on the Duke's Stone and he addresses again as an archduke. 1451 April 11 - Celje acquires town rights by orders from Celje count Frederic II (

Friderik II

). 1461 - Ljubljana becomes the seat of the

diocese

. 1473 - The city walls and defensive moat are build in Celje.

1500s

• 1511 - Ljubljana is devastated by earthquake. • 1550 - The first book in Slovene is printed. • 1584 - The Bible is translated into Slovene by Jurij Dalmatin.

1600s

1693 - A scholarly society Academia operosorum Labacensis is established in Ljubljana.

1700s

1701 - The Philharmonic Society is established in Ljubljana.

1800s

• 1809 - The Lower Carinthia incorporates to France as Dutchy of Carinthia was divided into two parts, Upper or Western Carinthia and Lower or Eastern. • 1813 - The Lower Carinthia is reconqured. • 1838 - First works, tracings on Slovene territory of a railway route Vienna - Trieste in a so called "South railway" begin. • 1848 - The United Slovenia the first Slovene political programme rises. • 1849 - The Duchy of Carinthia is created as a separate crownland.

1900s

•1917 May 30 - May Declaration of Slovene, Croatian and Serb representatives in the Vienna parliament signed by Anton Korošec about arrangement of a unified common state of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs living within the Habsburg monarchy. •1917 July 20 - The Corfu declaration is signed between the Yugoslav committee and the Serb government and becomes the basis for the formation of Yugoslav state.

• 1917 October 24 - November 9 - The Battle of Kobarid between Austrian forces, reinforced by German units and the Italian army. Italian army withdraws to the river Piave and only the military assistance of Britishers and Frenchmen saves them from a total break. • 1918 October 6 - National Council of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs is established in Zagreb. It becomes the political representative body of South Slavs in Austria-Hungary.

• 1918 October 29 - National Council of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs breaks off all relations with Austria-Hungary and proclaims a short-lived State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. Slovenia joins a new state with an independent State authority. The state is not recognized internationally. • 1918 November 1 - General Rudolf Maister takes over the authority of the Maribor garrison. • 1918 November 3 - Austria-Hungary surrenders.

•1918 November 18 - Germany surrenders. World War I ends. •1918 December 1 - The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs joins with the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Montenegro to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

• 1921 July - An allied treaty for insurance of a situation in East Europe, attained in the Paris Peace Conference, is made by Romania and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. This alliance supplements the safety agreement between Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and gets the name "Small entente".

1929 October 3 - The king Alexander I. renames the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. All political parties are prohibited.

1938 December - Prime minister becomes Dragiša Cvetković. He signs an agreement with the leader of Croatian opposition Vlatko Maček about the foundation of Croatian banovina as the sole autonomous political and territorial unit in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. This agreement does not solve the national problem since it just distributes the authority among Serbs and Croats.

•1941 April 6 - German, Italian and Hungarian occupying forces occupy Slovenia and divide it into three parts. One of the darkest times of the Slovene history begins. • 1941 April 11 - German army occupies the Zasavje districts, where important pits, heavy industry and traffic crossroads lie. • 1941 April 17 - Royal Yugoslav army signs its surrender in Belgrade.

• 1941 July - Armed resistance begins. • 1941 December 12 - A battle between German policemen and Slovene partisans near the village of Rovte. • 1945 May 5 - First postwar Slovene national government is named and elected by the SNOS (Slovene National Liberation Council) at the Bratina Hall in Ajdovščina.

• 1947 February 10 - 21 countries sign the Paris peace conference with Italy. • 1948 March 18 - Soviet Union calls back all its specialists from Yugoslavia. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union accuses the Communist Party of Yugoslavia that it is not democratic.

•1990 December 12 - The national referendum where 88.2 % of electorate utter for the independent and sovereign republic of Slovenia. •1991 June 25 - Slovenia declares its independence from SFR Yugoslavia (SFRJ). •1991 June 27 - Slovenia removes Yugoslav border signs and marks its own. •1991 July 6 - Ten Day war ends. JNA is set to leave Slovenia in 3 months.

• 1991 December 23 - Independent Slovenia gets a new, democratic constitution. • 1992 January 15 - All members of the European Union (EU) recognize Slovenia as a state. • 1992 April 7 - The United States recognize Slovenia as a state. • 1992 May 22 - Slovenia becomes a member of the United Nations. • 1992 December 6 - 1st presidential elections. Milan Kučan becomes the president for the period 1992-1997. • 1993 May 14 - Slovenia is accepted to the Council of Europe. • 1997 November 23 - 2nd presidential elections. Milan Kučan again becomes the president for the period 1997-2002.

2000s

2002 October 6 - The European Commission of the EU has announced that Slovenia, among ten countries: Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland and Slovakia, has met its criteria for entry, opening the way for EU's expansion from 15 member states to 25.

• 2003 March 23 - referendums for joining Slovenia to the EU and NATO. Both are positive. • 2004 May 1 - Expected date for the Slovenia's entrance to the EU. • May 2004 - Expected date for Slovenia's entrance to NATO.