No Slide Title
Download
Report
Transcript No Slide Title
Slide 1
Battle in the Balkans
Major Carlos Rascon
Slide 2
Introduction
During the 1980s and early 90s, the fall of
Communism in Yugoslavia led to the
emergence new governments in the formerly
controlled republics. With the struggle for
power taking place, many atrocities of war
were committed by Slobodan Milosevic in
Serbia. On 24 March 1999 the United
Nations launched air-strikes to end the war in
Serbia.
Slide 3
Learning Objectives
1. The student will understand the reasons for
the downfall of Yugoslavia
2. The student will comprehend the battles of
Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina
3. The student will comprehend the reasons for
war in Kosovo
4. The student will comprehend the effects of
NATO involvement in Kosovo
Slide 4
References
1. Brawley, Mark R., Martin, Pierre, Alliance
Politics, Kosovo, and Nato’s War: Allied
Force or Forced Allies, 2000
2. DiPrizio, Robert C., Armed Humanitarians:
U.S. Interventions from Northern Iraq to
Kosovo, 2002
3. Donia, Robert J., Fine, John V.A. Jr.,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1994
Slide 5
References Cont.
4. Hosmer, Stephen T., Conflict over Kosovo,
2001
Slide 6
Slide 7
History of Yugoslavia
1. Under Josip Tito, Yugoslavia had strong
Communist control
Republics were established in 1946
2. After his death in 1980, many of the
Republics pushed for independence from
Serbian rule
3. Slobodan Milosevic became the President of
the Communist Party in Serbia
4. 1989- Milosevic became the President of
Serbia
Slide 8
History Cont.
In the first meaningful election in 1990, Nationalist
representatives won in 5 of the 6 Republics
1991-Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina
declare their independence from Yugoslavia
All feared living under Serbian rule
Slide 9
Slide 10
War Breaks Out
Slobodan Milosevic immediately sent troops
to Slovenia
Slovenia was an industrial area under
Yugoslav rule and is well prepared for attack
Easily repel JNA (Yugoslavia National Army)
and Serbian forces
Withdrawal in two weeks
Milosevic then sent JNA and Serbian troops
into Croatia
Slide 11
Slovenia and Croatia
By early 1992, Serb forces control 1/3 of
Croatia
Cease-fire ends the conflict temporarily
U.N. sends in 14,000 forces to monitor
1995- Better equipped Croation military
pushed out JNA and Serb forces
Slide 12
Slide 13
Bosnia-Herzegovina
After declaring independence, they
immediately elect a Croat-Muslim
Government
44% Muslim
31% Serb
17% Croat
2. Serbs initiated the attack
Hit vulnerable Muslim and Croat targets
Slide 14
Bosnia-Herzegovina Cont.
Serbs wanted to take Bosnia to extend
Serbian territory
Serbs were able to take about 70% of Bosnia
Early in the war, Croats and Muslims were
fighting as allies
uneasy alliance
The Croatian fighting forces in Bosnia were
being supplied from Croatia
Slide 15
Bosnia Cont.
In 1993, the Bosnian-Croats had turned on
their Muslim allies
Wanted to gain the Herzegovina area for
Croatia
1995- Increased U.S. and U.N. pressure
persuaded the Bosnian-Croats to cease
fighting with the Muslims and focus on Serbs
Muslims were poorly equipped
Slide 16
Bosnia Cont.
Needed the Bosnian-Croats support to
survive Serbian attack
1995- NATO forces assist BosniaHerzegovina forces with air-strikes and resupplies
Serbs are forced to sign the Dayton Peace
Accord
Calls for NATO troop enforcement
Slide 17
Battle for Kosovo
Slide 18
Kosovo
1995- Due to violations of the Yugoslavia
Constitution in 1946 , ethnic Albanians in Kosovo
resorted to violence against Serb officials
The Constitution declared Kosovo an autonomous
providence of Serbia
Albanians were given the right to run internal affairs
of Kosovo
Albanian population in Kosovo was about 90%
Milosevic had abolished Kosovo’s autonomy
Slide 19
Kosovo Cont.
Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) was formed to
try to gain rights for the Albanians
Milosevic had a deep hatred for the
Albanians in Kosovo
Was elected as President on a promise to fix
the “Albanian Problem” in Kosovo
Wanted stronger political control of Kosovo
Wanted to eliminate the Albanian race from
Serbia
Slide 20
Kosovo Cont.
In 1998, Milosevic launched a military
campaign is Kosovo to end the KLA attacks
Burned down homes
Killed thousands of ethnic Albanians
Many Albanians were forced to flee
In October 1998, U.N. threatened air-strikes
if the violence did not cease
Milosevic backed down
Slide 21
Kosovo Cont.
January 1999- Serb forces massacred 45
civilians in the villiage of Racak
March 1999- Serbia launches an all out
offensive in Kosovo
Was based on the belief of “ethnic cleansing”
Wanted to eliminate the ethnic Albanian
population from Serbia
Slide 22
Kosovo Cont.
24 March 1999 NATO launches Operation
“Allied Force”
Led by U.S.
11 nations involved
Bombing campaign lasted about 12 weeks
Destroyed most of the Serbian Infrastructure
Serbs responded by murdering more
Albanians
Video 3min Air War in Serbia
Slide 23
Kosovo Cont.
20 June 1999 the campaign is ended
Milosevic gives in to NATO demands
Makes a 4 phase withdrawal
NATO peace-keeping forces still remain in
the region today
Slide 24
Slide 25
Aftermath
NATO Losses
3 aircraft (including 1 F-117A)
2 Apache helicopters
30 UAV’s
No published Reports
Much of the Serb infrastructure was thought
to be destroyed based on the declining
resistance later in the campaign
Slide 26
Aftermath Cont.
1 Chinese Embassy
Slide 27
War Crimes Tribunal
1 April 2001 Serbian police arrested
Milosevic
29 June 2001 Serbian officials hand
Milosevic over to international authorities
Extradited to the Hague to stand trial for war
crimes
Trial is still going on today
Slide 28
Summary
History of Yugoslavia
Croatia and Slovenia
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Kosovo
Operation “Allied Force”
War Crimes Tribunal
Slide 29
Questions?
Slide 30