Transcript Coalition Clean Baltic - Joining forces for the Baltic

CCB Sustainable Fisheries seminar
Gdynia, 10 - 11 May 2005
"Important aspects for
development of Baltic
Sea sustainable
fisheries"
Gunnar Norén
CCB executive secretary
1
Environmental Impact of Baltic Fisheries
- Fish are key organisms in aquatic ecosystems
“Ecological Key Role of Fish”
- Fisheries constitute the most important human
impact on marine ecosystems. No other factor, such as
nutrients and toxics, has had more far reaching
impacts
- The most serious impact of fisheries is the massive
killing of targeted fish species
- Baltic Cod stocks are outside “safe biological limits”
- The scientific advice from ICES on Baltic fish catch
quotas is regularily exceeded
2
- Half of the Baltic cod populations are killed in fisheries
every year. Many of them without a chance to
reproduce
- Serious mismanagement of Baltic common fish
resources
- Bottom trawling ploughs vast sea-bed areas and
harms bottom living species. Intensively trawled areas
will be trawled up to four times per year or more
3
CONCLUSION
Threats on Baltic marine ecosystem and “Ecological Key
Role of Fish” is serious
POSSIBILITIES
- New CFP ( December 2002 ) a new basic regulation
for EU fisheries, “Regulation on conservation and
sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources
(2371/2002)”
 aims for sustainable use, more long-term
resource management
 application of the precautionary approach
 sustainable exploitation, minimising the
impacts of fishing on the marine ecosystem,
 progressive implementation of an ecosystembased approach to management.
4
Protection of wild Baltic Salmon
Wild Baltic salmon is threatened
- 80-85 % of all Baltic salmon are reared and released
from fish-farms
- only 15-20 % are naturally spawning salmon
- Most of the Baltic salmon is catched in open-sea
fisheries on mixed populations(catching both reared and
wild salmon).
 Each wild salmon river population represent a unique
genetic resource, invaluable for the countries sharing
the Baltic Sea
 Very severe situation for the wild salmon in the Gulf of
Finland
5
 Improper
commercial
fishing policies,
and extensive
artificial salmon
stocking
programmes
threaten the
naturally
spawning Baltic
salmon.
 2/3 of all wild
Baltic salmon
river populations
are threatened
(26 river
populations )
6
Actions needed to save naturally
spawning Baltic Salmon
- Safeguard all weak wild Baltic salmon river
populations, and the genetic diversity
- Maximize production of naturally spawning Baltic
salmon
- Restrict salmon fisheries on mixed salmon
populations/wild Baltic salmon
- Limit the extensive artificial salmon stocking
programmes that threaten wild Baltic salmon
7
8
Advice for fishing TACs
Spawning stock biomass (SSB)
assessments
1. How shall scientific based advice be developed ?
2. Who shall develop scientific advice ?
3. Requirements on advice developed ?
- ICES scientific advice
- Fishermen’s observations (anecdotal information from
fishermen)Quality requirements on fishermen’s reported
observation on fish stocks, in written format.
4. Shall assessments of SSB for fish species set up a
9
absolute limitation for harvesting of fisheries resources?
What kind of pelagic Baltic Sea
fisheries do we want for the future?
1.Maximization of the Cod fisheries (which may limit
herring and sprat fisheries)
2. Maximization of Herring and Sprat fisheries
10
Precautionary approach
Shall fisheries management have a Precautionary
approach ?
What shall be included in concepts of Precautionary
approach ?
11
Marine Eco-system approach for
fisheries management
What factors-componentes shall be included into a Ecosystem approach?
- Multi-species management (cod, herring , sprat
together) ?
- By-catches of harbour porpoises, seals
- By-catches sea-birds (e g guillemot)
- Discards of non-target fish species (what levels)
- Impact on the sea-bottom by certain fishing gear
12
Bottentrålning
• Changes of the Baltic
marine ecosystem
©Marin Mätteknik AB (Göteborg) i samarbete
13
med Tjärnö Marinbiologiska laboratorium
För bildrättigheter kontakta Tomas Lundälv, Tjärnö Marinbiologiska laboratorium [email protected] Tel:0526-68667; 68608
Bottom-trawling
Bottentrålning
För bildrättigheter kontakta Kjell Andersson, Lunds tekniska högskola [email protected]
©Teknisk Geologi vid Lunds tekniska högskola
14
Bottentrålning
För bildrättigheter kontakta Kjell Andersson, Lunds tekniska högskola [email protected]
15
©Teknisk Geologi vid Lunds tekniska högskola
Relation Coastal and Open-sea fisheries
- How to balance the proportion of fisheries (TAC
distribution) between Coastal fisheries (usually smallscale) and Open-sea fisheries (big fishing vessels)
- What kind of fisheries is more sustainable ? Coastal ?
Open-sea ?
- Shall fisheries policies/subsidies focus on the more
sustainable fisheries practicies ?
16