Transcript Title

How to Stay Alert and Active in
Publication Game?
Tips for Planning Doctoral Studies
Vijay K. Arora
UTM Distinguished Visiting Professor
Wilkes University, U. S.A.
Web: web.wilkes.edu/vijay.arora/
E-Mail: [email protected]
Motivation and Economics of
Nations
Adam Smith, “An Enquiry into Nature and Causes of the Wealth of
Nations” (1776)
The wealth is created by laisse-faire economy and free trade
John Maynard Keynes, “The General Theory of Employment,
Interest, and Money” (1936)
The wealth is created by careful government planning and
government stimulation of economy
Twenty-First Century Paradigm
The wealth is created by innovations and inventions by
enhancing the creativity of brain by taming the mind
Why Publish?
Publish or parish
Publish and flourish
Sportsmanship
Economic benefits for the self, the community.
And the nation
Intellectual satisfaction
Mind-body health for spiritual enhancement
Publish for fun-a game
Lifelong learning-search and re-search
Research for Life
Give a man a fish and you feed him for a
day.
Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a
lifetime.
Research to Scholarship
PEDS-Planetary Model
Discovery
Synthesis
Knowledge
Bank
Propagation/Promulgation
Engagement
Science and Engineering
Scientists study the word as it exists ― It is a
process of analysis
Engineers create the world that never existed
― It is a process of synthesis in pursuit of
human needs, wants, goals as an organization
embraces CHANGE
Scientists work under certainty, engineers face
a lot of uncertainty and hence rely on
statistical processes and quality control
Engineering-A Process of Synthesis
 21st Engineer-Entrepreneur, IEEE Antennas and
Propagation Magazine, Volume 45(5), pp. 106 –
114, October 2003, downloadable from
IEEEXplore
 Also downloadable from ASEE Website:
http://www.asee.org/conferences/ and click on
Conference Proceedings Search
 Website contains proceedings of annual
conferences of the ASEE held in June every year,
covers variety of topics.
Creativity and Innovation
 Good engineering comes from synthesis.
 And where does synthesis come from?
 Synthesis comes from analysis.
 Where does analysis come from?
 Analysis comes from the fundamental sciences.
Buidling Bridges
Traditional Engineering: Physics, chemistry, and
mathematics at its core
Traditional Liberal Arts: Astronomy, arithmetic,
geometry, music (quadrivium); and logic, rhetoric,
and grammar (trivium)
Biology and Entrepreneurship: supplement the
traditional engineering paradigms.
A New Liberal Art: Technopreneurship
Ability Attributes: Washington Accord /MQA/
Research and Teaching Outcomes
Strategy for Change
 Relevant to the lives and career of students,
preparing them for a broad range of careers, as well
as for lifelong learning involving both formal
programs and hands-on experience.
 Attractive so that the excitement and intellectual
content of discipline will attract highly talented
students with a wide variety of background and
career interest.
 Connected to the needs and issues of the broader
community through integrated activities with other
parts of the educational system, industry, and
government.
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Six levels in
the cognitive
domain from
propagation/
promulgation
rising to the
level of
discovery/
judgment
Knowledge
 Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
 Remembering facts, principles, steps in a
sequence, etc
 Action verbs: arrange, define, duplicate, label, list,
memorize, name, order, recognize, relate, recall,
repeat, reproduce, and state
Understanding
 Scholarship of learning to comprehend acquired
knowledge
 Ability to explain what is known
 Translate to new forms and symbols
 Extrapolate and interpolate
 Action verbs: classify, describe, discuss, explain,
express, identify, indicate, locate, recognize, report,
restate, review, select, and translate
Applications
Engagement with constituencies
Use of the learned material in new situations
Apply concepts, principles, rules, theories, and
laws to find solutions to new problems.
Action verbs: apply, choose, demonstrate,
dramatize, employ, illustrate, interpret, operate,
practice, schedule, sketch, solve, use, and write.
Analysis
 Breaking a system apart for understanding
relationships among its components
 Example: analyzing an amplifier circuit using what
is learned about transistors.
 Action verbs : analyze, appraise, calculate,
categorize, compare, contrast, criticize,
differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine,
experiment, question, and test.
Synthesis
 Putting together parts to form a new whole—that
did not exist before.
 Professionals do this when they write research
proposals, papers, design new procedures,
experiments, etc.
 Action verbs : arrange, assemble, collect,
compose, construct, create, design, develop,
formulate, manage, organize, plan, prepare,
propose, set up, and write.
Evaluation
 Using what is known about a subject area to make
critical judgments.
 Rating ideas or objects and to accept or reflect
materials based on standards.
 Making unbiased judgment on a peer’s work
 Action verbs: appraise, argue, assess, attach,
choose, compare, defend, estimate, judge,
predict, rate, core, select, support, value, and
evaluate.
Uncertainty in Research
Edison was asked:
How does it feel to have failed so many
times in his efforts to make a light
bulb?
Edison replied:
I have successfully found thousand of
ways how not to make a light bulb!
OIC and the World
•
•
•
•
Scientists/engineers/technologists per 1000 population:
OIC:
8.5
OECD:
139.3
World:
40.7
•
•
•
•
•
•
Contributions to World Science Literature:
46 Muslim Countries:
1.17%
India
1.66%
Spain
1.48%
Arab World
0.55%
Israel
0.89%
Malaysia and World
Physics
papers
Physics
citations
All science
papers
All science
citations
Malaysia
690
1 685
11 287
40 925
Pakistan
846
2 952
7 934
26 958
Saudi
Arabia
836
2 220
14 538
49 654
Morocco
1 518
5 332
9 979
35 011
Iran
2 408
9 385
25 400
76 467
Egypt
3 064
11 211
26 276
90 056
Turkey
5 036
21 798
88 438
299 808
Brazil
18 571
104 245
128 687
642 745
India
26 241
136 993
202 727
793 946
China
75 318
298 227
431 859
1 637 287
USA
201 062
2 332 789
2 732 816
35 678 385
High Technology
Percentage High-Technology versus Total
Manufactured Exports
Malaysia
58%
Iran
2%
Pakistan
1%
Egypt
0%
Saudi Arabia
0%
Turkey
2%
Morocco
11%
Emerging Technologies
Brain’s Circuits
Time Magazine, January 18, 2007
Training the Mind
Creating the Brain
 The New Map Of The Brain There are uncharted worlds inside your
head, but science is drawing a map (e. g. brain atlas by Microsoft)
 The Mystery of Consciousness 100 billion jabbering neurons create
the knowledge--or illusion--that you're here
 How The Brain Rewires Itself Not only can the brain learn new
tricks, but it can also change its structure and function--even in old
age
 Lessons for Handling Stress Take a deep breath. Now exhale slowly.
You've just taken the first step toward managing stress and avoiding
burnout
 Meditation to enhance right brain while quieting the left part (utilize
whole brain to infuse diversity of thinking processes)
Brain Dominance
Ned Herman: Creative Brain
Number Crunchers
Human Machines
Achievement-oriented
Performance-driven
Administrators
Bureaucrats
Production-oriented
Task-driven
Logical
Factual
Critical
Technical
Analytical
Quantitative
Conservative
Structured
Sequential
Organized
Detailed
Planned
Visual
Holistic
Intuitive
Innovative
Conceptual
Imaginative
Interpersonal
Kinesthetic
Emotional
Spiritual
Sensory
Feeling
Entrepreneurs
Explorers
Future-oriented
Risk-driven
Teachers
Social workers
Feeling-oriented
Value-driven
Paradigm Shift
Building Community
Problem Definition—Explorer and Detective
Idea Generation—Artist
Creative Idea Evaluation—Engineer
Idea Judgment—Judge
Solution Implementation—Producer
Creative team environment for ideas to
flourish─Playing the research game
Whole-brain thinkers as facilitators, coaches or
mentors for diverse players
Encouragement for converging ideas
Approaches
Top-Down Approach: What graduates need to know
and be able to do?
Life-Cycle Approach: Process of continuous
improvement based on mission and benchmarks.
Efficiency Enhancement Approach: Total quality
management and accountability.
Interdisciplinary Approach: Isolation to integration.
Criteria Development Approach: Success and
benchmarking on key performance indicators
Professionalism
Source: G. D. Catalino, J, of Engin Edu, pp 11-14, January 1996.
Whole Brain
Thinking
Models of Engineering
Curriculum
Left Brain
(Vertical)
Sequential
Right Brain
Traditional
(Lateral)
Holistic
Reductionist
Linear
Diffuse
Develop Order
Concrete
Symbolic
Engineering
Science
Analytical
Intuitive
Independent
Cooperative
Positive
Holistic
Scientific Paradigms
Deterministic
Chaotic
Integrative
Reductionist
Integrative
Linear
Non-Linear
Discrete Data
Visual
Analysis
Correlate
Chaos
Functional
Core of
Engineering
Synthesis
Intuitive
Synthesis
Independance
Teamwork
Deductive
Analysis
Specialist
Explicit
Spontaneous Solve Problems Formulate
Problems
Emotional
Research
Design
Static
Understanding
Explicit
GoalOriented
Verbal
ProcessOriented
Nonverbal
End Points
Dynamic
Understanding
Implicit/Trial &
Error
Process
Numbers
Pattern
TechnoScientific Base
Understand
Certainty
Abstract
Learning
Societal
Context
Handle
Ambiguity
Experiential
Learning
Certainty
Inter disciplinar y
Algebra
Lack of
Certainty
Geometry
Value Free
Value Laden
Information Matrix-Strategy for
Writing a Good Paper
Feature
Purpose Multipli Mix and
city
Match
Say what you Title
are going to
say
Purpose
Say it
Abstract
Introduction Did you capture the
reader’s attention?
Outcomes
Results
Discussion
Say what you Conclusio Summary References
have said
ns
Check
points
Develop
ment
Achievements
Was the foundation
(body) of the paper
strong?
Did you cite and recite
the other?
Purpose Story told Match other coherence and logical
achieved varied
references? flow?
times and
?
ways?
Conclusions
Curiosity through research interplaying with
reason gives us science; science interplaying with
necessity gives us engineering. The interaction of
science and engineering is what helps bring about
understanding of the world, connecting with the
world, thereby contributing to the transformation
of the world. By integrating curiosity, reason and
necessity, Malaysia and World will play its part,
hopefully a big part, in building the global
knowledge community, dedicated to transforming
our world into a better place.
Final Word
If you are planning for a year, sow rice
If you are planning for a decade, plant a tree
If you are planning for a lifetime, educate a person
in you through search, and continue the life
journey through re-search
If you are coming to the end of training in the
university, consider research as a life-time
discovery process for you to be a leader to affect
change in your circle of influence