Transcript Dia 1 - Holland Innovation Team

Bio-LNG for transportation:
what are we waiting for?
Our offer: sustainable bio-lng
with fuelling stations
at competitive price
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
1
Main messages
There are many fairy tales about LNG!
Fuel composition is really important in the
LNG fuel chain.
There are standards for fuel grade LNG for
transportation.
There are already many applications
worldwide.
With fuel grade renewable bio-LNG, we can
skip fossil LNG and have sustainable
transportation today.
We can clean the air with bio-LNG!
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
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What is natural gas?
There are as many different types of natural gas as
there are gas fields.
Every gas field has its own specifications, differences
in Wobbe index, calorific value, density, methane
number, amount of inertia (i.e. nitrogen, carbon
dioxide) and percentage of heavy hydrocarbons like
ethane, propane and butane.
Examples:
• Natural gas with high percentage of ethane and
propane has high density, low methane number, high
Wobbe index, and high calorific value per cubic meter.
• Natural gas with a large amount of nitrogen has high
density, (also) low methane number, but low Wobbe
index and low calorific value per cubic meter.
• Ethane and propane provide more energy per liter
but less per kilogramme.
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
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Entry specifications for the grid in several countries.
HHV = high heating value = 35,1 for Groningen gas
KBR, Natural Gas
Specification
Challenges in the
LNG Industry.
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
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Why calorific value is important for transportation
“A [CNG] fuel containing a high inert gas component inevitably leads to limitations
in achievable mean pressure. At the rated power point, a power loss of up to
30% is expected compared with [high calorific gas], whereas a reduction of up to
11% may occur at the maximum torque operating point. However, it must be
pointed out that the cited figures apply to an engine optimally tuned to [high
calorific gas]. If the engine is tuned to a low calorific gas or a less knock resistant
natural gas, the negative impacts of changes in gas quality on full-load response
can be avoided or at least significantly diminished. However, it must be
considered that the potential of [high calorific gas] that is already widespread in
Europe may not be exploited to the full.”
Design and Operation of a Monovalent Highly Turbocharged Natural Gas Engine by Reference
to Variable Gas Qualities, Hans-Jürgen Schollmeyer, E.ON Ruhrgas AG et al. (2008, study with
Daimler AG)
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
LNG differs in composition
LNG, liquid natural gas, consists for the
largest part of methane, which is liquid at a
temperature of minus 162 degrees Celsius.
LNG is made from natural gas all over the
world. All CO2, H2S, particles, mercury have to
be removed. Water freezes out.
Depending on the source, the composition of
LNG still varies. Methane content is between
88% and 99.9%.
Essentially we consider two types of LNG:
• Rich LNG contains a relative large quantity of
heavy hydrocarbons
• Lean LNG contains few (no) heavy
hydrocarbons.
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
Compositions of LNG from large liquefaction plants
Of 17 large LNG liquefaction plants in 2003 only one (Alaska) produced lean LNG
and the others produced rich LNG (methane 89-91%, ethane/propane 9-11%).
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
Boil-off during transportation by LNG carriers changes
the composition and quality of the LNG
LNG carriers sail on boil-off. During 20 days of transport boil-off can be over
2%. As boil-off is evaporated methane, increase of heavy hydrocarbons
concentration means that the calorific value per cubic meter LNG can
increase by 0.2-0.3 Megajoule and decrease the same amount per kilo.
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
POSITION PAPER BY CIMAC WORKING GROUP ‘GAS ENGINES,
INFORMATION ABOUT THE USE OF LNG AS ENGINE FUEL, DECEMBER 2008
“natural boil-off gas” which is taken off the top of the LNG tanks above the
liquid will have a high methane content and some nitrogen and thus have a
high knocking resistance. Analysis show values typically around MN 100
and LCV between 33 – 35MJ/nm3. (Initial gas extraction after up-loading may
have reduced calorific value because of the high nitrogen content at the top of
the tanks). This is a somewhat special application typical for fuelling of LNG
tanker propulsion plants.
“forced boil-off gas” i.e. LNG extracted from down in the tanks and evaporated
separately. This gas will contain a mixture of all hydrocarbons in the liquid and
its resistance to knocking may differ from origin to origin and even
from load to load, with the MN typically in the range between 70 and 80. The
calorific value will be higher than natural boil-off gas and quite stable at
around 38 – 39 MJ/nm3.
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
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But there is more:
Boil-off at LNG fuelling station also changes composition
LNG 50.000 liter
(-160 graden)
Storage of 50.000 liters LNG with 8 % C2/C3.
Boil-off 0,1% /day,
storage empty after 10 days.
250 liters of methane lost.
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
Boil-off 0,1%/day, after 100 days, storage
half empty. 3750 liters of methane lost.
Composition of remaining LNG 9,2% C2/C3.
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Don’t use oversized storage tanks for small fleets
Boil-off in Large and Small-scale LNG Chains (NTNU 2008):
“In this study it was calculated that for a 50 cubic metres LNG tank, which
thermal conductance is estimated to be 2 W/K, the total fuel loss is about 7%
of the total filled fuel, when fuelling four buses every day. The fuel loss
decreases to less than 3% and less than 1%, when fuelling more than ten and
more than thirty one buses every day. It is evident that the total fuel loss
strongly depends on number of buses fuelled each day.”
Resource Guide for Heavy-Duty LNG Vehicles, Infrastructure, and Support
Operations (U.S.A. 2002):
“The potential exists for heavy gases to build up in the fuel within a storage
container over time, reducing the methane content of the fuel. This fuel can
cause reduced engine performance and even engine failure when
used on a vehicle.”
And beware of change in quality because it can harm your
engine and can give security problems.
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
Methane number for LNG is similar to
octane number for gasoline
Jacob Klimstra, VIV congres 28-10-2010
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
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REVITALIZE YOUR LNG ASSET(S)
MAKE VEHICLE FUEL GRADE LNG
After CHI ENGINEERING SERVICES, INC.
Chris Hosford, P.E., President
“Fuel
Grade LNG is:
• Is of consistent composition, similar to diesel or gasoline, that provides consistent
engine performance.
• Is of consistent composition for commercial transactions.
• Public LNG dispensers can be checked by the local Weights and Measures
authority.”
“Fuel Grade LNG is:
• Methane ≥ 97.0 Mole %
• Ethane ≤ 1.0 Mole %
• Total Inert gases ≤ 2.0 Mole %”
“Vehicles fueled by the transportation grade LNG produce approximately
one-sixth of the nitrous oxides (NOx) and up to 15 percent less greenhouse gases
than comparable petroleum diesel fueled vehicles.”
YourOilAndGasNews, 21 June 2010
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
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Like other transportation fuels, there is a need for an
international fuel grade or vehicle grade LNG
Experience in countries like USA, Australia, China, Japan etc. shows that
fuel grade LNG can be provided by peak shavers and small scale LNG
liquefaction plants from stranded gas, dedicated gas fields or pipeline gas).
But it still will be fossil fuel, that is why we promote renewable bio-LNG from
our own waste with a low carbon footprint.
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
What is bio-LNG (LBG, LBM)?
Bio-LNG is produced from biogas.
Biogas is produced by anaerobic
digestion.
All organic waste can rot and can
produce biogas, the bacteria do the
work. Therefore biogas is the
cheapest and cleanest biofuel
without competition with food or land
use.
Bio-LNG (LBM, LBG) = liquid biomethane. Quality is always better
than quality of fossil LNG, so no
problems with >99% of methane.
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
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How to produce Bio-LNG?
The process from natural gas to LNG
costs more process energy and
investment than the upgading and
liquefaction of biogas to bio-LNG.
The carbon footprint of bio-LNG from
waste from your own country is of
course much better than the footprint
of fossil LNG from far across the
Oceans.
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
Bio-LNG: the new diesel, available now!
Bio-LNG gives the highest CO2 reduction of all fuels and no dust or NOx.
We can deliver bio-LNG today from the
UK, in 2012 Dutch bio-LNG will be
available.
Costs of bio-LNG will not be higher
than fossil diesel, so you save the
climate and your money.
2012: BIO-LNG Productie
Delfzijl takes over
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
An infrastructure of LNG fuelling stations since over ten years
Also 11 depot-based stations and
industrial clients
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
What are we waiting for?
• Small fuelling stations are available.
• Large stations can be built once there is enough demand to avoid large boil-off.
• There are specifications and (ISO) regulations, based on over 50 years of
experience with LNG.
• We have experience with distribution of LNG and filling stations.
• There are trucks suited for driving on LNG, preferably bio-LNG.
• We decrease costs for the transportation sector.
• When we replace 500 old trucks by 1000 new ones driving on LNG, we increase
cargo capacity and at the same time clean the air.
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
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What can we offer you?
Immediately:
• delivery of bio-LNG from UK, fuel grade LNG as back-up.
• delivery / installation of small stations, storage 6.000 kg, 30 days without blow-off.
• suited for filling Chart fuel tanks and (with added pump) Indox-tanks
• start of delivery: immediately after permits
• no investment needed by client, unless purchase is preferred.
• price indication 95 ct/kg incl. station lease; 85 ct/kg when station is purchased;
reduction possibly via pricing formula with biotickets
• variable contracts with Chive Fuels; HIT represents Chive in the Netherlands.
• > 10 years experience in developing and exploiting LNG logistics.
• > 10 years experience with construction / installation of fuel stations in UK.
• > 10 years experience with operational maintenance of LNG stations.
• installation and maintenance in NL by Cryonorm Projects.
• replacing small station by large station when fleet grows >30 trucks; collaboration
with Cryonorm Projects.
• possibly bio-CNG installation connected.
• joint project management / grant applications.
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
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Large – L CNG filling station
Dispenser units, tanks
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
Some bio-LNG projects for shipping
Design/building of bio-LNG distribution
vessel for inland navigation with
Vekagroep, Cryonorm, Sandfirden, Marin,
LNG rivershipping, HollandInnovationTeam,
Cold ironing with bio-LNG with
Jennbacher, Chive, Cryonorm,
Holland Innovation Team
Bio-LNG Bunkering facilities for
inland navigation, various parties
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
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Recommendations
• Set a worldwide standard for LNG as a transportation fuel, like was
•
done for all other transportation fuels.
• Start with small fuel stations for trucks and avoid boil off / aging.
• Start with small scale LNG plants for bunkering facilities.
• Avoid methane losses in the entire chain.
• Combine LNG with pure CNG in one station.
• ASAP shift to bio-LNG (and bio-CNG from bio-LNG).
• Any region can have its own independent bio-LNG chain from waste.
Note that bio-LNG is produced from rotting
biomass. Using feedstock which produces methane
in nature, we avoid greenhouse gas emissions by
controlled anaerobic digestion and liquefaction to
bio-LNG.
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
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WE CAN START TODAY FOR A
SUSTAINABLE WORLD BEYOND
FOSSIL FUELS
See www.bio-lng.info
or contact:
Holland Innovation Team
010-2417248
'Market opportunities for Small Scale LNG'
WTC-Rotterdam, 15 december 2010
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