Transcript Document

Building together a European Space Policy
Politecnico delle Marche, 20 maggio 2005
Giulio BARBOLANI di MONTAUTO, Director General’s Cabinet in Brussels
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Presentation’s structure
Introduction: ESA purposes, programmes, budgets and
industrial policy
ESA/EU cooperation
the beginning
step forward
state of the art
latest development
Comment and conclusions
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Introduction
ESA was formed in 1975 as an independent European space agency
replacing the satellite and launcher organisations ESRO and ELDO
It has today 17 Member States
The purpose of ESA
• An inter-governmental organisation with a mission to provide
and promote – for exclusively peaceful purposes – the
exploitation of
• Space science, research & technology
• Space applications
• ESA achieves this through:
• Space activities and programmes
• Long term space policy
• A specific industrial policy
• Coordinating the European space programmes by
progressively integrating national programmes
• International cooperation
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Introduction
ESA Programmes
All Member states participate in activities and a common set
of programmes related to the Space science mandatory
programme
In addition, Member states chose the level of participation in
optional programmes:
• Human space flight
• Microgravity research
•
Earth observation
•
Telecommunications
•
Satellite navigation
•
Launcher development
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Introduction
ESA Budgets
Total budget for 2004
2.698,32 Meuro
Space science - mandatory -
14%
Human space flight - optional Microgravity - optional Telecommunications - optional Satellite navigation - optional Launcher development - optional -
16%
3%
7%
12%
17%
etc.
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Introduction
ESA Industrial policy
About 90% of ESA’s budget is spent on contracts with
European industry
Industrial policy objectives:
• Ensure that all Member States participate in an
equitable manner corresponding to their financial
contribution
• Improve the world-wide competitiveness of European
industry
• Maintain and develop space technology
• Encourage the development of an industrial structure
appropriate to market requirements, making use of
existing industrial potential of all Member States
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ESA/EU cooperation, the beginning
Cooperation between ESA and the European Commission started at
programmatic level with the joint initiatives on satellite navigation:
•EGNOS programme
•GALILEO programme
Lessons learned:
• Very different decisional process in the two institutions
• Difficulties in combining financial sources (including private funding)
and rules
• Management vis-à-vis industry in the development phase
Need to explore new/unusual management solutions: agreement between
ESA and EC, creation of a Joint Undertaking, agreement between the
GALILEO Joint Undertaking and ESA
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Step forward
The experience on satellite navigation boost the interest of the
European Commission on space applications and highlighted
the need of an institutional cooperation to set-up a space
policy and a space programme:
• Green Paper (public consultation of needs and
requirements) -2002 - and White Paper (policy
orientations) - 2003 - on a European Space Policy in
cooperation with ESA;
• Framework agreement ESA/European Community 2004 - as the implementing instrument;
• Joint ESA/EU Space Council - November 2004 - ;
• New competence in the Constitutional Treaty, articles I14 (par. 3) et III-254
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Step forward
EC White Paper
European Commission White Paper on European Space
Policy is a very ambitious document proposing the
implementation of an extended policy to support the EU
policy goals, more demand-driven programmes to support a
faster economic growth, job creation and industrial
competitiveness, enlargement and cohesion, sustainable
development and security and defence.
These ambitions require an increase in overall expenditure
to develop and deploy applications and to support the R&D,
technology and infrastructures within a multi-annual
European Space Programme (Commissioner Busquin referred to
“double the public investments for space in Europe during the period
2003/2013”).
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Step forward
European Community/ESA framework agreement
Adopted by EU and ESA respective Councils, this agreement
is regulating their cooperation.
Two main aims:
• coherent and progressive development of an overall
European Space Policy, which will specifically seek to link the
demand for services and applications with the supply of space
systems and infrastructures necessary to meet that demand
• establish the appropriate operational arrangements for an
efficient cooperation between the two institutions fully
respecting their institutional settings
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State of the art
In this frame, a joint EC/ESA secretariat is assisting the
High-level Space Policy Group composed by the
representatives of 27 EU Member States plus Canada.
The HSPG approved the “First orientations on the
preparation of the European Space Programme” and the
joint EU/ESA Space Council in November 2004 endorsed
these orientations.
Next Space Council will be in June 2005 and the joint
secretariat has already proposed to the HSPG the structure
of the European space programme, the allocation of roles
and responsibilities and the programmatic priorities.
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Latest development
Since November 2004, the new Commission (Barroso) is on
duty and a reorganisation of Commissioner’s portfolio and
competences within the Commission’s services took place: now
space competences are not belonging anymore to Research but
to Enterprise and Industry.
The budget assumptions made by the Commission Barroso
concerning space activities are more modest despite the
ongoing flagging of high political and programmatic ambitions
on space issues.
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Latest developments
Commission’s budget assumptions
Two main sources of funding for space:
• FP7 which should fund research mainly for the GMES
programme (earth observation) and for the GALILEO’s second
generation (R&D)
• TEN programme which should fund the Commission share
over the Galileo Programme
Another limited source of funding could be the Competitiveness
Programme but the envisaged Space ad hoc budget line regrouping
all space activities (including contribution to space infrastructure)
seems to be withdrawn but still discussed within the European
Parliament.
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DRAFT
Framework for building up a European Space Policy
Implemented by a European Space Programme
1. Structure
Policy level
Definition of the overall European Space Policy in consultation with all stakeholders
Programmatic level
EU, Member states and ESA implement the European Space Policy through
the European Space Programme
EU-led activities :
ESA-led activities:
- Space exploitation:
applications
- Galileo (TEN + FP7 )
- GMES (FP7)
-Communication systems
- Exploration
- Access to space
- Science
- Space technologies
EU contribution via FP7 to
ESA- led activities:
- Space exploration
- Space science (ISS)
- R&D for access to space
Nationally-led
and other
activities
ESA contribution to EU-led and
other-led activities:
- Preparatory activities for space
exploitation - applications
Member States support to EU and ESA activities
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DRAFT
EU Framework for building up a European Space Policy
2. EU Priorities
a) FP 7
EU-led activities
Space exploitation: applications
- flagship: GMES
- other: Communication systems (integration with
mobile and terrestrial systems)
EU contribution
-Space exploration
-Science in space (e.g. ISS utilisation)
-R&D for access to space
b) Outside FP 7, esp. TEN
EU-led activities
-flagship: Galileo (TEN)
-GMES (exploring a Joint Undertaking)
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DRAFT
EU Framework for building up a European Space Policy
3. Possible other EU contributions
Through FP7 Other Thematic priorities
Galileo (via “transport research”)
Space research infrastructures (via “capacities”): microgravity,
EO databases, astronomical observatories
Accompanying measures (via “people” and
“capacities”): education, international cooperation
Through Competitiveness and Innovation programme
Critical technologies, Technology transfer and specific
SMEs measures, data archiving and dissemination
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DRAFT
ESA Framework for building up a European Space Policy
4. ESA priorities
ESA led activities
Access to space
Exploration and ISS
Space Science
Earth Sciences
Technology (incl. Telecoms technology)
ESA contribution to EU and other-led activities
Navigation (GALILEO, EGNOS, future navigation)
GMES
Satellite communications
Meteorology
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DRAFT
National and other framework for building up a European Space Policy
5. National and other priorities
Text to be added in the full programme proposal on basis of Member
states input
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Comments and conclusions
The Commission proposal for FP7 will annually allocate for
space activities (R&D) not more than 10% of the annual budget
of the European Space Agency. The other budget lines, such as
CIP, will allocate few more ten Meuro.
Despite the White Paper, the ongoing declaration about the new
space competences of the EU, the importance of space
applications to reach Lisbon’s strategy goals, the financial means
look, by far, inadequate.
The European Parliament, in the frame of the co-decision
procedure for the financial perspectives 2007/2013, is
supporting the creation of a specific budget line for space
accordingly with the new competences but, for the time being,
the equation ambitions versus means is not solved.
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