Transcript Document

WAREHOUSING
Andary A Munita Hanafiah
Materi
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Function of Warehouse
Types of Warehouse
Structural Aspect
Functional Aspect
Warehouse Design
Warehouse Operation
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Function
Storage in Transit Inventory
Economic
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Consolidation & Break Bulk
Assortment
Postponement
Stockpiling
Reverse Logistics
Service
- Spot Stocking
- Full Line Stocking
- Product Support
- Market Presence
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Consolidation & Break Bulk
• Reduce Transportation Cost by using warehouse
capability to increase shipment economic of
scale
• Consolidation, warehouse receives materials
from number of sources which combined into a
large single shipment to a specific destination
• Break-Bulk, operator receives a single large
shipment and arrange for delivery to multiple
destination
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Consolidation
Plant A
Plant A
Consolidation
Warehouse
X
Y
Z
Plant A
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Break-Bulk
Customer X
Plant A
Break-Bulk
Warehouse
Customer Y
Customer Z
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Assortment
Reconfigure freight as it flows from origin
to destination
Cross Docking
Mixing
Assembly
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Cross-Dock
Combine inventory from multiple origins into an assortment for specific
customer
Plant A
Plant B
Plant C
Customer X
Distribution
Warehouse
Customer Y
Customer Z
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Mixing
Customer W
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B
C
D
Plant A
Customer X
A
Plant B
Transit Mixing
Point
Product D
Plant C
B
C
D
Customer Y
A
B
C
Customer Z
A
B
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Assembly
Procure inventory from multiple Vendor to support manufacturing operations
Vendor A
Vendor B
Lead Supplier
Warehouse
Assy. Plant
Vendor C
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Postponement
Warehouse postpone commitment to final
product configuration by completing final
packaging, labeling, and light manufacturing
Reduced Risk
Lower Inventory
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Stockpiling
Accommodate seasonal production or
demand
Buffer Stock
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Reverse Logistics
Perform physical work related to product recall,
reclamation, disposal of overstock and damage
inventory
Control
Regular
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Service
Establishing warehouse to service a specific
market area
- Spot
Stocking
- Full Line Stocking
- Product Support
- Market Presence
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Spot Stocking
• Spot Stocked in a Local Market Warehouse in
Anticipation of Responding to Customer Need
During the Critical Sales Period Rather Than
Maintaining Inventory in a Warehouse Year-round
• Use temporarily Warehouse for Time Limited Period
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Full Line Stocking
• Warehouse can provide one-stop shopping
capability for goods from multiple
manufacturers
• Use Permanent Warehouse for Unlimited Time
Period
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Production Support
• Stock Inventory to Support Manufacturing
Operation
• Support Warehouse Containing an
Inventory of Processed Materials,
Components and Subassembly
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Market Presence
• Respond faster to customer needs
• Increase Market Share and Profitability
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Warehouse Operation
The objective is to efficiently receive inventory,
possible store it until required by the market,
assembly it into complete orders, and initiate
movement to customer
Handling
– Receiving
– In Storage Handling
– Shipping
Storage
- Active
- Extended
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Storage Plan
Receiving Dock
Low Volume
High Volume
Low Volume
Shipping
Dock 20
Warehouse Ownership
Private
Public
Contract
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Warehouse Size
• Min = SSL + Q
• Max = SSL+T + Q
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Location and Site
Criteria
Services
Operating Cost
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Faktor Lokasi
1. Pasar Dan Bahan Baku
Jasa
Semen
Fragile
Kertas
Berat
Agro Industri
SERVICES
COST
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Faktor Lokasi
2. Tangible
. Transportasi
. Tenaga Kerja
. Energi
. Tanah
. Insentif
. Utilitas
. Biaya Konstruksi
. Pajak
. Bahan Penolong
. Dll
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Faktor Lokasi
3. Intangible
– Iklim
– Peraturan
– Stabilitas Politik
– Kemudahan Ekspansi
– Budaya
– Polusi
– Dll
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Tahapan Pemilihan Lokasi
Regional
Makro
Community
Mikro
Site
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Metoda Pemilihan
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Gravitasi
• BEP
• Transportasi
• Point Rating
• Simulasi
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Metoda Gravitasi
• Minimasi Ongkos Transportasi
• Faktor Faktor Lain Tetap
( Sama Untuk Semua Pilihan Lokasi)
• Menggunakan Koordinat Cartesian Sebagai Basis
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Formula Metoda Gravitasi
J = Ti Bi Ji /Ti Bi
Dimana:
Ti : Biaya Transport Dari Tiap Titik i Ke Lokasi
( Rp/satuan /Km)
Bi : Berat Yang Diangkut Dari / Ke Lokasi i
Ji : Koordinat Dari Titik i
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Contoh Metoda Gravitasi
Data pasar
– A : 10 ton; 5000/ton/km
– B : 2 ton; 8000/ton/km
– C : 8 ton ; 4000/ton/km
Koordinat:
– A ( 13, 22) ; B (95,84) ; C(118,41)
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Contoh Metoda Gravitasi
• Jx = (5x10x13) + ( 8x2x95) + ( 4x8x118)
(5x10) + ( 8x2) + ( 4x8)
= 91,3 KM
• JY = (5x10x22) + ( 8x2x84) + ( 4x8x41)
(5x10) + ( 8x2) + ( 4x8)
= 38,3 KM
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Metoda BEP
•Faktor Yang Lain Tetap ( Sama )
•Fix Cost Dan Variable Cost Berbeda
A
B
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Metoda BEP
Total Cost Lokasi A = Total Cost Lokasi B
FA + Q. VA = FB + Q.VB
Q = (FA - FB )/ (VB - VA )
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Metoda Transportasi
• Multi Lokasi
• Faktor Lain Sama Kecuali Ongkos Transport
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Metoda Point Rating
• Menggabungkan Faktor Tangible Dan Faktor
Intangible
• Menggunakan Pendekatan Kwalitatif Dan
Kwantitatif
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Prosedur
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Identifikasikan Faktor Yang Relevan
Tentukan Bobot Setiap Faktor
Tentukan Rating Faktor Pada Setiap Lokasi
Hitung Bobot Score Pada Setiap Lokasi Untuk
Setiap Faktor
Jumlahkan Bobot Skor Pada Setiap Lokasi
Pilih Lokasi Yang Memiliki Skor Tertinggi
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Basic Warehouse Design
Receiving Area
Bulk Storage
Area
Rack Storage
Area
Order Picking Area
Packaging or Unitizing Area
Staging Area
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