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Danida support to IWRM– South Africa
From policy to Implementation
water & forestry
provincial &
local government
IWRM I
•
•
•
•
Guidelines and policy
Water Conservation, CMAs and Groundwater
Limited capacity building
Limited developmental projects
Difference between participation and
empowerment
• Empowerment is the expansion of assets and
capabilities of poor people to participate in,
negotiate with, influence, control, and hold
accountable institutions that affect their lives
(Narayan, Deepa (Ed,) Empowerment and Poverty Reduction
A Sourcebook The World Bank, Washington, 2002, p.xviii).
Difference between participation and
empowerment
• If we are to capacitate people to be able to
claim their rights, we have to ensure that
approaches adopted to achieve these
outcomes are effective, appropriate for their
situation and allow sufficient time for the
capacity development of marginalized groups
and their representatives to be able to
articulate their needs
The Rights-Based Approach (RBA) to
Development
• The rights-based approach to development sets the
achievement of human rights as the objective of
development. It uses thinking about human rights as
the scaffolding of development policy. It invokes the
international apparatus of human rights accountability
in support of development action. In all of these, it is
concerned not just with civil and political rights, but
also with economic, social and cultural rights
(Overseas Development Institute (ODI) 1998),
The Rights-Based Approach (RBA) Empowerment
• Human rights is empowering. It has the
potential to empower people at the grass
roots level into believing that they have a right
to education, to health care or any of the
other rights proclaimed in international
instruments
(Human Rights Council of Australia- 1998)
The Rights-Based Approach (RBA) Accountability
• Accountability is firmly anchored in the human rights
based approach to development. All partners in the
development process: local, national, regional and
international must accept higher levels of
accountability.
• Not only does it establish claims but also establishes
obligations to meet these claims and identifies the
corresponding duty-bearers.
(UN Commission of Human Rights – Poverty Reduction Guidelines)
The Rights-Based Approach (RBA) Participation
• Popular participation must extend to all parts
of community life, including the definition and
formulation of development policies and
programmes, as well as their international
implementation, monitoring and supervision
(Declaration by UN Working Group on the Right to
Development – UN Commission of Human Rights - 1996)
Rationale for approach to IWRM South
Africa
International Conventions, Resolutions and Agreements
WATER
DUBLIN PRINCIPLES
FOOD SECURITY
POVERTY ERADICATION
GENDER
Rome Declaration
Copenhagen Summit
CEDAW
UN CESCR 2002 General Comment No 15
Vienna Declaration
Bejing Declaration
Declaration on Right to Development
Millenium Declaration MDGs
South African Framework
Governance
Constitution and Bill of Rights
National Water Act
Rights Based Approach
Empowerment
Sustainable Development
Sustainable WMIs
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
Copenhagen Summit
Key Components of Support
• Building Stakeholder Commitment
• Institutionalising CMAs
• Integrating IWRM into service delivery
• Link to each outcome mapped out in
Masibambane III
CMAs and IWRM WMA
ZIMBABWE
MOZAMBIQUE
Provincial
Boundaries
BOTSWANA
2.
1.
Water Management
Area Boundaries
4.
3.
Pretoria
WATER MANAGEMENT AREA
1. LIMPOPO
2. LUVUVHU AND LETABA
3. CROCODILE (WEST) AND
MARICO
4. OLIFANTS
5. INKOMATI
6. USUTHU TO MHLATUZE
7. THUKELA
8. UPPER VAAL
9. MIDDLE VAAL
10. LOWER VAAL
11. MVOTI TO UMZIMKULU
12. MZIMVUBU TO KEISKAMMA
13. UPPER ORANGE
14. LOWER ORANGE
15. FISH TO TSITSIKAMMA
16. GOURITZ
17. OLIFANTS/DOORN
18. BREEDE
19. BERG
5.
Johannesburg
10.
NAMIBIA
8.
9.
6.
7.
Bloemfontein
13.
14.
17.
11.
12.
15.
East London
19.
Cape
Town
16.
18.
Port Elizabeth
Durban
Key issues Sector Wide Approach
• Need to move to SWAP
– Integration within DWAF
– Whilst DWAF is sector leader needs strong
linkages with other government
departments
– Vehicles such as Masibambane critical
CMAs
• Need to ensure that basin organisations
(CMAs) do not maintain the status quo but
are vehicles for IWRM and sustainable
development in the holistic sense
• Moreover CMAs are a vehicle for redressing
the past and those previously marginalised
can benefit to the maximum and actively
participate in local WRM issues.
Inter-governmental
• Considerable effort has been taken to engage other
government departments
• Creating fora for dialogue
• At an operational level
– Bring all key actors on board wherever possible
with respect to pilot/demonstration projects to
ensure integrated approaches and linkages to
local and provincial development plans (e.g. KZN)
– Use of Metro to capacitate other municipalities
Other donors and NGOs
• Task has been to ensure complementarity's
and avoid duplication
• Involve donors in key milestone activities
• Draw on their experiences e.g. FAO and food
security ITC/ILO gender
• Ensuring real collaboration on the ground e.g.
UK/EPA, Netherlands, USAID
• Partnering funding
Other donors and NGOs
• EXAMPLES 1
– EU Water for Development Programme
– Netherlands capacity develop for rural
communities
– USAID Community involvement in nonrevenue management
– UK/EPA developing stakeholder
partnerships for CMAs
Other donors and NGOs
• EXAMPLES 2
– Netherlands: Water Boards
– FAO: Food Security
– ITC/ILO Flemish Community GPE
– WWF Partnership capacity building WUAs
– DFID licensing
IWRM II
Empowerment Projects
Selected Examples
LOCAL COMMITTEES ENGAGEMENT
IN DECISION MAKING PROCESSES
Preliminary
Framework
Presentation
Workshop
Invitation for
proposals from
CMFs
Short-long lists
Capacitate
Selection
Committee
Design workshop
INCEPTION
PHASE
Site Visits
Agree
Implementation
Framework
Broker Workshop
Interaction with beneficiaries with respect to
detailed design, including their role in
implementation and the establishment of
monitoring systems
Capacity
buiding
Other Govt.
Department
s
DESIGN PHSE
Detailed
financing
plan
Community
Implementatio
n Plan
DETAILED IMPLEMENTATION PLAN WITH
COMMUNITY BUY IN
Selection
committee
nominated
Others being
identified
with DIR WUE
Others being
identified
with DIR WUE
Sandveld
Strand 1
LG and/or
DWAF
Transformation
Irrigation
Boards
Water Harvesting?
Others being
identified
with DIR WUE
Crocodile WestMarico
Mvoti Umzimkulu
Olifants Doorn
Communities &
Non-revenue
management
Food security
& HIV/AIDS
Strand 2
Metros
The
“Three Metros”
Resource
pollution
Integrated
Agriculture
demo
Urban agri
Impact on
resource
Mvoti Umzimkulu
(Ethekwini)
Crocodile WestMarico
Organic
baby food
women’s
cooperative
WC/DM
Awareness
Groundwater
Protection
Emerging
Farmers
Wetlands
Rehab & Food
Food security
Food security
Strand 3
Communities
“mini” CMS
Mvoti Umzimkulu
Pollution
Olifants Doorn
Sustainable Water-wise Food Garden
Doringbaai Multipurpose Centre
Food Security
Capacity Building & Training
Semi-commercial scale
Big Roof Project - Bitterfontein
Rainwater harvesting
Food Security
II
Organic Rooibos Tea Nursery & Baby Food
Breevlei Landbou Wupperthal
Job creation through agriculture
(organic rooibos tea & vegetables)
Develop
additional land
Improve food security
II
Petersfield Youth Emerging Farmers
Petersfield Citrusdal
Job creation through
agriculture (organic
vegetables)
Purchase additional
land & water
Improve food security
II
Swartruggens Ceres Karoo Groundwater
Protection & Climate Change Monitoring
Groundwater
monitoring
& spring
protection
Climate change
monitoring
Safer drinking water
In deep rural areas
IWRM South Africa
Challenges
Challenges
• Embedding concept of budget support
• Synchronising of budgets especially
when more than one government
department involved
• Allowing sufficient time for
empowerment
• Balance between strategic and on the
ground projects
Risks
• Human resources
• Donor budget support not achieving
what intended to
• Continued marginalisation of vulnerable
groups
• WMA dynamics skewed and
approaches differ
Delivering Transformation and Sustainable Development
through IWRM - (1)
Water
for all
- access to basic
Water for
Water
water services - multiple
for industry
use services - meet
emerging
- moving towards
Millennium Devt
black farmers
sustainable production
goals
- water is vital to the
in the energy, forestry
Top down &
second economy and
& commercial
bottom up
empowerment
farming sectors
Making it
of HDIs
happen
Resilient
Learning &
catchments
adaptation
- protecting water
resources under climate
chaos: resilience &
whole catchment
planning
Healthy
catchments
- protecting the
source of our water:
ecological services &
whole catchment
planning
Delivering Transformation and Sustainable Development
through IWRM - (2)
First
economy
Transform
First
economy
Unsustainable
Sustainable (resource
production
efficient) production
in the energy, forestry
in the energy, forestry
& commercial
& commercial
farming sectors
Energy
security
farming sectors
Water
Food
security
security
Climate
security
Second
Second
economy
economy
- handouts
- sustainable
& dependency
livelihoods &
Transform
empowerment
Way Forward
• Share our approach – influence yours
( SWAP)
• Learn from Masibambane / Sector
• Multiplier effect
• More holisitic approach to IWRM and
water for growth and development