The Climate Baseline Review

Capacity Development Package Standard presentation

30.04.2020

Overview

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Objectives

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Steps

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Climate Issues

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Mapping exercise

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Summary

Name/event I 2

Objective

To support understanding of function, structure and set up of a Baseline Review process and guide the adequate support to local and regional governments in carrying out a Climate Baseline Review I 3

Cyclical Integrated Management

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IMS: the ideal cycle

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Steps of the integrated management process: where are we now?

* LEGEND

  

= complete = in progress = not started

Steps

0. Organizational set-up

* 

1. Baseline review 2. Target setting 3. Political commitment 4. Implementation and monitoring 5. Evaluation and reporting

  Notes I 6

Planning the Baseline Review: Steps to perform a Baseline Review

    Planning the Baseline Review     Structure according to Aalborg Commitments ?

Structure according to Municipal Services ?

SWOT – Analysis Involve the right people - appropriately Map the local situation    Mapping the policy framework (egal requirements, Political priorities & commitments, Emerging issues and trends) Mapping the organisational set-up (Responsibilities and organisational set-up, Existing instruments and systems, Stakeholder landscape ) Maping the local climate change impacts (Energy generation & consumption patterns, Greenhouse gas emissions, Significant climate aspects of municipal operations, Climate change impacts, Vulnerabilities, risks and opportunities) Evaluate the local situation Present the findings I 7

Planning the Baseline Review: The first important step

     To analyse in which condition the environment /sustainability in the municipality is at present Regularly repeating part of every EMS/ SUM = continuous and dynamic process Getting started although some information will still be missing It is no obstacle if the data can not be completed within the first run. Based on the information and data available the first sustainability programme (management plan) can be drawn up Necessary to define measures that refer to the creation of reference data and indicators that are not available at this point Important to renew the “assessment of the local situation” on a current basis and to add new information regularly I 8

Planning the Baseline Review: Definition of the scope

The ‘Whole functional urban area’:

   all relevant impacts on sustainable development of the municipality are to be considered impacts within the municipality’s responsibility (involving the private economy and citizens) as well as the impact of activities of all actors (municipality and stakeholders) on neighbouring municipalities and cities I 9

Planning the Baseline Review: Definition of contents

  

According to Aalborg Commitments: 10 fields of action and 50 key activities for municipal sustainable development According to typical” organisational structure of a municipality = municipality services and responsabilities Direct and indirect aspects of sustainability (Environment, Society, Economy)

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Planning the Baseline Review: Climate Change and Aalborg Commitments

Social Equity & Justice Vibrant & Sustainable Local Economy Local Action for Health Local to Global Cross-cutting Issue:

Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation

Better Mobility, Less Traffic Planning & Design Governance & Management Natural Common Goods Responsible Consumption, Lifestyle Choices I 11

Planning the Baseline Review: Climate Change and Municipal Services

Biodiversity Housing Energy Waste Cross-cutting Issue:

Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation

Transport And Mobility Soil & Land-use Economy & Tourism Procurement Water I 12

Mapping the Local Situation: Policy Framework

  The Baseline Review serves to determine how the requirements set in current legislation are implemented. Every municipality department /service should elaborate an index of relevant legislation that the community is obliged to fulfil or to take into account.

The Baseline Review should describe the current structure implemented to make sure that relevant legislation is accessible for all staff and that is updated at regular intervals. I 13

Mapping the Local Situation: Existing Instruments) ANALYTICAL TOOLS & PLANNING CRITERIA AND STANDARDS Environmental & Social Impact Sustainability Assessment Sectoral sustainabilityp erformance targets MANAGEMENT TOOLS CHECKS & ACT REPORT AND COMMU NICATION EMAS, ISO 14000, ISO 9000 ecoBUDGET Sustainability management Environmental & social monitoring & Measurement Environmental & social reporting Triple Bottom Line GRI Strategic Assessment Risk Assessment ISO 14001 family of management standards EMAS SA 8000 Social accountability Environmental social & economic planning AA 1000 Accountability Disaster planning Life Cycle Assessment Corporate social responsibility Triple Bottom Line GRI Cleaner technology IPPC & WM Pollution prevention Disaster management plans Conflict management Inspection, analysis and records Environmental & social auditing Improvement Management Environmental & social communication State of the environment & society reports Public participation Sustainabiity Indicators

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Mapping the Local Situation: Who is at stake?

               Health & Safety Emergency & Risk Management Environment/ Sustainability Management Waste management Water resources management Soil protection and biodiversity conservation, green spaces Flood and coastal zone management Energy supply and consumption Children & Family Services Aged Services Governance Civic Services/Governance Executives Quality Management Systems Community Engagement Community, social life and neighbourhood management                 Cultural Development Communications/Public Relations Urban Planning/Development Regional Planning /Development Corporate Planning Engineering Services Building and construction/Certification Properties/Property Development Human Resources Asset Management Finance and insurance Procurement Project Management Regional/local economy Tourism and leisure activities Transport I 15

Mapping Local Climate Change Impacts Climate Baseline Review

1) BASELINE REVIEW • Baseline Energy Inventory • Baseline Emission Inventory • Significant Climate Aspects • Climate Change Impacts • Vulnerability Assessment I 16

The 'Climate Baseline Review'

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Review issues from the perspective of climate mitigation and adaptation For relevant issues or priorities perform sectorial inventories as part of the Aalborg Commitment Baseline Review

 eg. Baseline Energy Inventory   eg. Climate Vulnerability Inventory eg. Carbon Inventory I 17

1. Baseline review Recommended application

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City profile

indicatori di inquadramento generale sulle principali driving forces mappatura degli stakeholder 

Organisational profile

verifica rispetto degli obblighi di legge analisi delle priorità e degli obiettivi strategici esistenti strumenti e sistemi di gestione esistenti 

Baseline Emission Inventory

scelta della metodologia acquisizione dati elaborazione 

Vulnerability assessement

impatti locali dei cambiamenti climatici vulnerabilità dei diversi settori strategie di mitigazioni in atto valutazione dei rischi per i diversi settori 

Comunication

internal external   […] […]

Application to [case study]

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The 'Climate Baseline Review: GHG Inventory

     itemised report on GHG emissions from all sources based on national & international standards with a local government focus used to help prioritise activities< - review the big emitters first used for measuring results of actions has two components:   (a) government operations emissions inventory (b) community emissions analysis I 19

The 'Climate Baseline Review: GHG Inventory: Emissions Profile / Example

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Inventory results - example city Electricity Gas Petrol Diesel Annual Quantity

37,470,000 17,288,770 1,337,570 1,281,910

Units

kWh kWh kWh kWh

Conversion Factor Petrol 3% Diesel 4% Tonnes CO2

5,621 3,250 305 333

9,509 Gas 34% Electricity 59%

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The 'Climate Baseline Review: GHG Inventory- prioritise Actions

Port ChalmersPool

Electricity Use by Location 12 Months Feb 2005 - Jan 2006

TOU metering (Blue) Tahuana (HV) Mosgiel Pool Otago Settlers Salt Water pool Dunedin Centre Upper Gardens Sommerville Pump supply Waipori Deka Building Southern Reservior Outram Water Bores Carlyle Road Puddle Alley Brinsdon Rd Rona St Art Gallery Civic Centre WPCP Tahuna Library Moana Pool Green Island $0 $50,000 $100,000 $150,000 $200,000 $250,000 $300,000 $350,000 I 22

The 'Climate Baseline Review: GHG Inventory: Tools

   

ICLEI – Local Governments: International Local Government Greenhouse Gas Protocol (www.iclei.org/ghgprotocol) Climate Alliance: The Eco2Region (www.climatealliance.org) Covenant of Mayors: Baseline Emission Inventory as part of the so-called Sustainable Energy Action Plan ( www.eumayors.eu

) Further tools on www.carbon.org

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The 'Climate Baseline Review: Energy Inventory: SEAP

Key results of Baseline Emissions Inventory (source: Draft SEAP guidance for Covenant Signatories) A. Final energy consumption and corresponding CO2-emissions Categories - Municipal buildings and facilities - Private and public buildings and facilities for services - Residential buildings - Municipal public lighting - Industries - Road transportation (municipal fleet, public, private & commercial transport) (recommended to add: waste and water sectors) I 24

The 'Climate Baseline Review: Energy Inventory: SEAP

    Key results of the Baseline Emissions Inventory (source: Draft SEAP guidance for Covenant Signatories) B. Lo cal electricity production and corresponding CO2 emissions Local electricity generation Wind Photovoltaic (PV) Combined heat and power (CHP) (also called co-generation)   C. Local heating/cooling generation and corresponding CO2 emissions  Local heating /cooling generation  Waste incineration plant District heating plant, CHP Solar thermal energy, geothermal energy,..

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The 'Climate Baseline Review: Significant climate aspects Sector

Buildings Transport

Direct aspects

 Energy consumption and efficiency of buildings owned by the municipality  Municipal vehicle fleet

Indirect aspects

 Local building regulations requiring a high energy efficiency standard; local incentives for retrofitting   Employee commute, Public transport attractivity I 26

Vulnerability Assessment: Climate Change Impacts

A prerequisite to for any vulnerability assessment is a local and regional prediction of climate change impacts and weather extremes:    How will the temperature change? What will be main seasonal changes? What kind of weather extremes are to be expected? Note: Possible impacts of climate change, like sea level rise, intense precipitation, drainage and flash flooding, river floods, drought, heat waves or urban heat islands as well as wind and storm damage, can affect all sectors.

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Vulnerability Assessment: Local Climate Change Impacts

Source: UNEP, Climate in Peril I 28

Vulnerability Assessment: Local Climate Change Impacts

Source: UNEP, Climate in Peril I 29

Vulnerability Assessment Steps

• • • •  Local governments are responsible for the wellbeing of citizens living in the city or region. To this end, climate adaptation is an obligation to local governments.

Characterisation of hazards and modifications associated with climate change at city or regional level Identification of the most vulnerable segments (people, locations, sectors) of the city or region Identification of opportunities arising for different segments (people, locations, sectors) of the city or region Assessment of the ability of the city or region to adapt to the anticipated potential impacts. I 30

Vulnerability Assessment: Impacts

Infrastructures and physical capi tal

(Damages, Losses)

Provisioni ng

(Food, Freshwater, Wood/ fi ber, Fuel)

Heal th

(M ort al it y, Morbi di ty, Labour produc tivi ty)

Distr ibuti ve im pacts

(Soci al groups, Regions)

Figure : Chain of Potential Impacts from Climate Change. Source: DG Environment, based on EEA, 2008 and IPCC, 2007

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Vulnerability Assessment: Risk Assessment

The assessment should address priority risks first:      high risks that you face already; risks that will increase most rapidly due to climate change, especially if they cross some critical threshold; risks where it will take some time to plan and implement your adaptation response; contingency planning; where there is a complementary non-climate driver for taking action, such as health and safety or mitigation or achieving a better work/life balance.

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Vulnerability Assessment: Tools

No standards, but some tools available, eg.:

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Local Climate Impact Profile: www.ukcip.org.uk/index.php

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ICLEI Oceania Toolkit and Australian Department for Climate change: Local Government Climate Change Adaptation Toolkit: www.iclei.org/oceania UKCIP Adaptation Wizard: www.ukcip.org.uk/wizard

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Baseline Review: SWOT-Analysis

  The SWOT-Analysis as a method for the implementation of the Baseline Review Collection of information and (key)data:  As a basis for a solid and comprehensible evaluation in context of the SWOT-Analysis, the municipality should draw up a chart of the current reference data and indicators on the environment/sustainability    Participants of the Baseline Review: For comprehending the “assessment of the local situation” the municipality needs all information and estimation of all relevant stakeholders Evaluation of the current situation and priority setting regarding continual improvement Examples and Internet-Adresses and sources I 34

Baseline Review: Internal Audit

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Questionnaire/check-list

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Baseline Review: Presentation of results

  The Climate Baseline Review of [Insert council name]  Table of Contents Introduction I. Review of Framework conditions of [Insert council name]     Legal requirements Emerging issues, trends and forthcoming policies Existing climat echange initiatives by [Insert council name] Climate relevant responsibilities and organisational set-up      Existing relevant management instruments and procedures The stakeholder landscape incl. all relevant actors II. Energy Status Report of [Insert council name]  Energy production and consumption patterns  Expenses of energy consumption III. Baseline Emission inventory of [Insert council name]   Greenhouse gas emissions [Insert council name]’s Assumptions IV. Adaptation Assessment of [Insert council name]: vulnerabilities, risks and opportunities  The Regional Context     Impacts of Climate Change List of Impacts The Costs of Climate Change [Insert council name]’s Assumptions I 36

Baseline Review Do‘s & Don‘ts

Do's  Work thoroughly and accurate   Work consistent and reproducible Set clear time-frame and scope   Involve relevant persons/groups Work on priorities to be cost-efficient   Don'ts  Don't exaggerate  Be not to loose or rigid Appropriately involve Don't work on project histories I 37

Baseline Review Examples

     City of Lahti, Finland Navarra Sustainability Network of Local Entities, Spain City of Ludwigsburg, Germany City of Ancona, Italy Province of Siena, City of Riga, Lewes District, City of Leeds I 38

Baseline Review: Status of Sustainability in Lahti 2009

Aalborg commitments Baseline Review compilation process

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Baseline Review: The phases of Aalborg Commitments in Lahti

 The City Council of Lahti signed the Aalborg Commitments in October 2007 - The Executive Environmental Board of Lahti Region authorised Lahti Region Environmental Service to coordinate the Aalborg commitments work in May 2008 - An Aalborg Commitments working group was formed -> Has officials as representatives from every city sector - The AC working group started the Baseline Review (BR) compilation on June 2008 - The BR report: Status of sustainability in Lahti 2009 – Aalborg Commitments Baseline Review (Finnish version) was published on UN World Environment Day 5.6.2009

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Baseline Review: Aalborg Commitments Baseline Review

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Baseline Review: Aims

1. To have an open and honest dialogue about the status of sustainability in Lahti



-> “in the spirit of AC” 2. To get city officials more involved in enhancing sustainability within the city organization 3. To lead us toward the next stage: Target setting and actions to improve the situation

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Baseline Review: Self-assessment Process

 Consisted of: A self-assessment review of the sustainability status of Lahti by the AC working group The results of a survey that was send out to city sector representatives (altogether 97) in autumn 2008 Relevant indicators of the SD situation in the city that were selected to form a comparison basis / “reality check” Development challenges were also drafted on the basis of the survey and AC working group assessments I 43

Baseline Review: Results

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Baseline Review: Progress in implementing AC?

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Baseline Review: Responsibility assumed by the city?

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Baseline Review

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Baseline Review

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Baseline Review: Challenges

   The vastness of AC was sometimes overwhelming There are dozens of different strategies, work programmes and guidelines that guide the city organization’s work There was not that many indicators to choose from • Does the indicator really depict the phenomenon?

• Is it used on a regular basis?

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Baseline Review: Red Navarra Network of Local Entities through Sustainability of Navarre SPAIN LA21-NLETSN 2008 Annual evaluations of Aalborgplus10 Commitments LA21 Projects Implementation from 2000 to 2008

Source: http://www.aalborgplus10.dk/default.aspx?m=2&i=375 I 50

Baseline Review: Red Navarra

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Baseline Review: Red Navarra LA21 projects implementation How Aalborgplus10 Commitments are related to LA21 projects carried out in 2008?

23% 11% 1% 10% 3% 5% 2% 8% 23% 14% 1. Governance 2. Urban local management towards sustainability 3. Natural common goods 4. Responsible consumption and lifestyle choices 5. Planning and design 6. Better mobility, less trafic 7. Local action for health 8. Vibrant and sustainable local economy 9. Social equity and justice 10. Local to global I 52

Baseline Review: Ludwigsburg, Germany

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Monitoring report of implementation of targets of City Development Plan and compliance with respective guidelines 11 target areas and cross-sectoral concerns

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Baseline Review: Ludwigsburg, Germany Economy & jobs Cultural life Housing/new ways of living together Sports Education and social care Masterplan Mobility Lively town districts and suburbs Gardens and Parks Living together of different generations and ethnic groups A living city centre Source: Albert Geiger, City of Ludwigsburg

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Analysis of existing steering instruments for the 5 steps of the management cycle

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Ancona 2012 is...

- Targets and Priorities Source: Marco Cardinaletti, City of Ancona I 56

BASELINE 2006 ACI n °

5 : LOCAL MOBILITY SYSTEM

5.1 Daily numer of trips per citizen by mode of transport: 4,98 Mobility System in the City of Ancona is gradually changing: 2001 2005 TREND 58% 44%

•

Use of car have decrase by 14%

•

Use of Public Transports have decrease by 1%

•

Use of “two wheels” have increase by 3%

•

Very high increase (14%) of going by walk 19% 6% 15% 18% 9% 29%

Target 2012    

From LA21:

1/3 year private trips + 100% year public trips.

4 sm/pc ZTL and 2 sm/pc of pedestrian areas shifting 2/3 of the freights transport to railway system   

From Urban Mobility Plan – Rel. PP 2005/2007:

Lowering the number of vehicles accessing to the city Widening the pedestrian area Increasing the TPU users        Main Actions

Urban Mobility Plan Urban Transport

and

General Plan of

Increasing number of bus lane Incentivation measures for public and private employees Promotion initiatives (stopping cars) Regulations of limited parking Rationalization of transport service network throughout the use of pubblic vehicles in the exchange parking zones New schoolbus with methane gas (metano) I 58

Sources of information and examples

 Website of Aalborg Process - Baseline Reviews of Aalborg Commitment Signatories: http://

www.aalborgplus10.dk

/default.aspx?m=2&i=375  Website on Integrated Management Systems (by project MUE-25) - free guidance and checklists for download: h ttp://

www.localmanagement.eu

/index.php/mue25:downloads  Website for Local Sustainability - Aalborg Commitments Implementation Guide, free for download in 7 languages: http://

www.localsustainability.eu

/index.php?id=4260 I 59

The Indicators used for the State of Environment Report of Bologna

Definition of Targets in Bologna

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Long term targets have been defined according to measures that have been adopted through Sectoral Plans, political resolutions or plans

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Short term targets have been defined according to expected results of undertaken measures

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The Environmental Budget Balance of Bologna

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Thank you for your attention!

And all the best for your Baseline Review compilation!

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Further Information / Queries ?

  Union of the Baltic Cities - Commission of Environment, Pekka Salminen, [email protected]

+358 44 9075999 Esther Kreutz, [email protected]

+358 44 9075980  ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability Holger Robrecht holger.robrecht

@iclei.org

+49 761 368920  Resources at www.localmanagement.eu

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