Transcript The Gospel According to St. Mark

The Gospel According to
St. Mark
Chapter 14
Burnt sacrifice
• Lev 1:3-4
• 3'If his offering is a burnt sacrifice of the herd, let him
offer a male without blemish; he shall offer it of his own
free will at the door of the tabernacle of meeting before
the LORD. 4 Then he shall put his hand on the head of
the burnt offering, and it will be accepted on his behalf to
make atonement for him
• Lev 1:13
• 13 but he shall wash the entrails and the legs with water.
Then the priest shall bring it all and burn it on the altar; it
is a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, a sweet
aroma to the LORD.
• Heb 10:7
• 7 Then I said, 'Behold, I have come — In the volume of the book it is
written of Me — To do Your will, O God.'"
• John 4:34
• 34 Jesus said to them, "My food is to do the will of Him who sent
Me, and to finish His work
• Phil 2:8
• And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself and
became obedient to the point of death, even the death of the cross.
• Isa 53:9
• Because He had done no violence,
• Nor was any deceit in His mouth.
• John 8:46
• 46 Which of you convicts Me of sin?
A sin offering
• Lev 4:3-5
• 3 if the anointed priest sins, bringing guilt on the
people, then let him offer to the LORD for his sin
which he has sinned a young bull without
blemish as a sin offering. 4 He shall bring the
bull to the door of the tabernacle of meeting
before the LORD, lay his hand on the bull's
head, and kill the bull before the LORD. 5 Then
the anointed priest shall take some of the bull's
blood and bring it to the tabernacle of meeting.
• 1 Peter 2:24
• 24 who Himself bore our sins in His own body on the tree, that we,
having died to sins, might live for righteousness — by whose stripes
you were healed.
• 2 Cor 5:20-21
• 21 For He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we
might become the righteousness of God in Him.
• Heb 13:11-14
• 11 For the bodies of those animals, whose blood is brought into the
sanctuary by the high priest for sin, are burned outside the camp. 12
Therefore Jesus also, that He might sanctify the people with His own
blood, suffered outside the gate. 13 Therefore let us go forth to Him,
outside the camp, bearing His reproach.
Trespass offering
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Lev 5:14-15
Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying: 15 "If a person commits a
trespass, and sins unintentionally in regard to the holy things of the LORD,
then he shall bring to the LORD as his trespass offering a ram without
blemish from the flocks, with your valuation in shekels of silver according to
the shekel of the sanctuary, as a trespass offering
Lev 6:5
5 or all that about which he has sworn falsely.
Num 6:12
12 He shall consecrate to the LORD the days of his separation, and bring a
male lamb in its first year as a trespass offering; but the former days shall
be lost, because his separation was defiled
Heb 3:6
6 but Christ as a Son over His own house, whose house we are if we hold
fast the confidence and the rejoicing of the hope firm to the end.
A grain offering
• Lev 2:1-6
• 'When anyone offers a grain offering to the LORD, his offering shall
be of fine flour. And he shall pour oil on it, and put frankincense on it.
2 He shall bring it to Aaron's sons, the priests, one of whom shall
take from it his handful of fine flour and oil with all the frankincense.
And the priest shall burn it as a memorial on the altar, an offering
made by fire, a sweet aroma to the LORD. 3 The rest of the grain
offering shall be Aaron's and his sons'. It is most holy of the offerings
to the LORD made by fire.
• 4'And if you bring as an offering a grain offering baked in the oven, it
shall be unleavened cakes of fine flour mixed with oil, or unleavened
wafers anointed with oil. 5 But if your offering is a grain offering
baked in a pan, it shall be of fine flour, unleavened, mixed with oil. 6
You shall break it in pieces and pour oil on it; it is a grain offering.
The sacrifice of peace
• Lev 7:11
• 'This is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings which he shall offer
to the LORD:
• Lev 7:15-16
• 15'The flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offering for thanksgiving
shall be eaten the same day it is offered. He shall not leave any of it
until morning. 16 But if the sacrifice of his offering is a vow or a
voluntary offering, it shall be eaten the same day that he offers his
sacrifice
• Lev 7:19-20
• 19 "'Meat that touches anything ceremonially unclean must not be
eaten; it must be burned up. As for other meat, anyone ceremonially
clean may eat it. 20 But if anyone who is unclean eats any meat of
the fellowship offering belonging to the LORD, that person must be
cut off from his people.
The sacrifice of peace
• 1 Cor 11:27
• 27 Therefore, whoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord
in an unworthy manner will be guilty of sinning against the body and
blood of the Lord
• 1 John 1:8-9
• 9 If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just and will forgive us our
sins and purify us from all unrighteousness.
• 1 Cor 11:29-31
• 29 For anyone who eats and drinks without recognizing the body of
the Lord eats and drinks judgment on himself. 30 That is why many
among you are weak and sick, and a number of you have fallen
asleep. 31 But if we judged ourselves, we would not come under
judgment
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Mark 14:22
"Take, eat; this is My body."
Matt 26:27-28
"Drink from it, all of you. 28 For this is My
blood of the new covenant, which is shed
for many for the remission of sins.
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Luke 22:19
do this in remembrance of Me."
NKJV
NT:4160
poieo (poy-eh'-o); apparently a prolonged
form of an obsolete primary; to make or do
(in a very wide application, more or less
direct):
I am the bread of life
• John 6:32-35
• 32 Jesus said to them, "I tell you the truth, it is not Moses
who has given you the bread from heaven, but it is my
Father who gives you the true bread from heaven. 33
For the bread of God is he who comes down from
heaven and gives life to the world."
• 34 "Sir," they said, "from now on give us this bread."
• 35 Then Jesus declared, "I am the bread of life
Praise The Lord
• Mark 14:26
• 26 And when they had sung a hymn, they went
out to the Mount of Olives.
• Pslams 115-18
• Psalm 150
• Heb 13:15
• 15 Therefore by Him let us continually offer the
sacrifice of praise to God, that is, the fruit of our
lips, giving thanks to His name
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Zech 13:7
"Awake, O sword, against My Shepherd,
Against the Man who is My Companion,"
Says the LORD of hosts.
"Strike the Shepherd,
And the sheep will be scattered;
Then I will turn My hand against the little
ones.
• John 13:37-38
• 37 Peter said to Him, "Lord, why can I not
follow You now? I will lay down my life for
Your sake."
• 38 Jesus answered him, "Will you lay
down your life for My sake? Most
assuredly, I say to you, the rooster shall
not crow till you have denied Me three
times.
• Luke 22:31-32
• And the Lord said, "Simon, Simon! Indeed,
Satan has asked for you, that he may sift
you as wheat. 32 But I have prayed for
you, that your faith should not fail; and
when you have returned to Me, strengthen
your brethren."
• εζαιτεομα— ex-ahee-teh’-om-ahee; and
to demand (for trial),desire.
The accuser
• Rev 12:10
• 10 Then I heard a loud voice saying in
heaven,"Now salvation, and strength, and
the kingdom of our God, and the power of
His Christ have come, for the accuser of
our brethren, who accused them before
our God day and night, has been cast
down.
The accuser
• Job 1:8-11
• 8 Then the LORD said to Satan, "Have you considered
My servant Job, that there is none like him on the earth,
a blameless and upright man, one who fears God and
shuns evil?"
• 9 So Satan answered the LORD and said, "Does Job
fear God for nothing? 10 Have You not made a hedge
around him, around his household, and around all that
he has on every side? You have blessed the work of his
hands, and his possessions have increased in the land.
11 But now, stretch out Your hand and touch all that he
has, and he will surely curse You to Your face!"
The Greatest
• Luke 22:24
• 24 Also a dispute arose among them as to which
of them was considered to be greatest.
• Luke 22:26-27
• the greatest among you should be like the
youngest, and the one who rules like the one
who serves. 27 For who is greater, the one who
is at the table or the one who serves? Is it not
the one who is at the table? But I am among you
as one who serves.
Gethsemane
• Gethsemane (gheth-say-man-ay'); of Aramaic
origin oil-press; Gethsemane, a garden near
Jerusalem:
• Mark 14:34
• "My soul is exceedingly sorrowful, even to death.
Stay here and watch."
• Mark 14:36
• Abba, Father, all things are possible for You.
Take this cup away from Me; nevertheless, not
what I will, but what You will."
ABBA
• abba NT:5 is an Aramaic word, found in Mark 14:36; Rom 8:15 and
Gal 4:6. In the Gemara (a Rabbinical commentary on the Mishna,
the traditional teaching of the Jews)
• it is stated that slaves were forbidden to address the head of the
family by this title. It approximates to a personal name, in contrast to
"Father," with which it is always joined in the NT.
• This is probably due to the fact that, abba having practically become
a proper name, Greek-speaking Jews added the Greek word pater,
"father," from the language they used.
• Abba is the word framed by the lips of infants, and betokens
unreasoning trust; "father" expresses an intelligent apprehension of
the relationship. The two together express the love and intelligent
confidence of the child.
• (from Vine's Expository Dictionary of Biblical Words, Copyright
(c)1985, Thomas Nelson Publishers)
Watch and pray
• Mark 14:38
• 38 Watch and pray, lest you enter into temptation. The spirit indeed
is willing, but the flesh is weak."
• Matt 24:42-44
• 42 Watch therefore, for you do not know what hour your Lord is
coming. 43 But know this, that if the master of the house had known
what hour the thief would come, he would have watched and not
allowed his house to be broken into. 44 Therefore you also be
ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an hour you do not expect.
• Rev 3:2-3
• 2 Be watchful, and strengthen the things which remain, that are
ready to die, for I have not found your works perfect before God. 3
Remember therefore how you have received and heard; hold fast
and repent. Therefore if you will not watch, I will come upon you as a
thief, and you will not know what hour I will come upon you.
How many?
• John 18:3-4
• 3 Then Judas, having received a detachment of troops,
and officers from the chief priests and Pharisees, came
there with lanterns, torches, and weapons.
• Detachment :speira (spi'-rah); Latin origin, a mass of
men (a Roman military cohort; also [by analogy] a squad
of Levitical janitors)
• It is a military cohort.Τhe tenth part of a legion (i. e.
about 600 men (i. e. legionaries), or if auxilialies either
500 or 1,000;
• Matt 26:50
• 50 But Jesus said to him, "Friend, why have you come?"
Betrayal and Arrest in Gethsemane
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John 18
Betrayal and Arrest in Gethsemane
εγω ειμι:
eimi (i-mee'); the first person singular
present indicative; a prolonged form of a
primary and defective verb;
• I exist or I AM the Being.
SANHEDRIN
• Composition.
• This great council was formed of high priests (i.e., the
acting high priest, those who had been high priests, and
members of the privileged families from which the high
priests were taken)
• elders (i.e., tribal and family heads of the people and
priesthood), and
• scribes (i.e., legal assessors),
• Pharisees, and
• Sadducees alike (cf. Acts 4:1,5-6; 5:17,34). According to
the Mishna the number of members was seventy, with a
president, a vice president, and servants of the court
SANHEDRIN
Judicial Procedures
• According to the Mishna, the members sat in a semicircle that they might be able to see one another.
• In front stood the two clerks of the court, one on the
right hand and the other on the left, whose duty it was to
record the votes of those who were in favor of acquittal
on the one hand and of those who were in favor of
condemnation on the other.
• There also sat in front of them three rows of disciples of
the learned men, each of whom had a special seat. The
prisoner was required to appear in a humble attitude,
dressed in mourning.
Sanhedrim
• According to the Tosephta' Sanhedrin 7:1, the Sanhedrin
held its sittings from the time of the offering of the daily
morning sacrifice till that of the evening sacrifice.
• There were no sittings on Sabbaths or feast days.
• They always acted upon the principle that the accused
was innocent till he could be proved guilty.
• Hence they always manifested an anxiety, in their mode
of conducting the trial, to clear the arraigned rather than
secure his condemnation, especially in matters of life
and death.
• Their axiom was that "the Sanhedrim is to save, not to
destroy life"
Sanhedrim
• In trials of capital offenses, the verdict of
acquittal could be given on the same day, but
that of guilty had to be reserved for the following
day, for which reason such trials could not
commence on the day preceding the Sabbath or
a festival.
• No criminal trial could be carried through in the
night (Mishna, ibid. 4, 1; Gemara, ibid. 32).
• The judges who condemned a criminal to death
had to fast all day
Sanhedrim
• The condemned was not executed the same day on
which the sentence was passed; but the votes pro and
con having been taken by the two notaries.
• The members of the Sanhedrim assembled together on
the following day to examine the discussion, and to see
whether there was any contradiction on the part of the
judges (Mishna, Sanhedrin, 4, 1; Gemara, ibid. 39 a).
• If on the way to execution the criminal remembered that
he had something fresh to adduce in his favor, he was
led back to the tribunal, and the validity of his statement
was examined
Sanhedrim
• If he himself could say nothing more, a herald preceded
him as he was led to the place of execution, and
exclaimed, "A, son of B, has been found guilty of death,
because he committed such and such a crime according
to the testimony of C and D; if any one knows anything
to clear him, let him come forward and declare it"
(Mishna, ibid. 6, 1).
• Clemency and humanity, however, were manifested
towards him even when his criminality was beyond the
shadow of a doubt, and when the law had to take its final
course.
• Before his execution, a stupefying beverage was
administered to the condemned by pious women to
deprive him of consciousness and lessen the pain
The High Priest
• The chief source of their wealth seems to have been the
sale of requisites for the temple sacrifices, such as
sheep, doves, wine and oil, which they carried on in the
four famous "booths of the sons of Annas" on the Mount
of Olives, with a branch within the precincts of the temple
itself.
• During the great feasts, they were able to extort high
monopoly prices for theft goods.
• Hence, our Lord's strong denunciation of those who
made the house of prayer "a den of robbers" (Mark
11:15-19), As to the part he played in the trial and death
of our Lord
CAIAPHAS
• Caiaphas was the surname of Joseph, a
son-in-law of Annas ,who filled the post of
high priest from about 18 AD - 36 AD,
when he was deposed by Vitellius .
• He is mentioned by Luke as holding office
at the time of John the Baptist's preaching
in the wilderness (Luke 3:2).
ANNAS
• Son of Seth. Appointed A.D. 7 AD, in his 37 th year, to
the high priesthood by Quirinius, the imperial governor of
Syria; obliged to give way to Ismael by Valerius Gratus,
procurator of Judaea, in the beginning of Tiberius' reign,
A.D. 14.
• He continued to wield great power as the dominant
member of the hierarchy, using members of his family as
his willing instruments. That he was an adroit diplomatist
is shown by the fact that five of his sons ,and his son-inlaw Caiaphas (John 18:13) held the high-priesthood in
almost unbroken succession,
Peter Denies Jesus, and Weeps
• Mark 14:68
• "I neither know nor understand what you
are saying."
• Matt 26:72
• "I do not know the Man!"
• Mark 14:71
• 71 Then he began to curse and swear, "I
do not know this Man of whom you speak!"
Betrayal vs Love
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Judas
Matt 26:50
50 But Jesus said to him, "Friend, why have
you come?"
Matt 27:3-5
Then Judas, His betrayer, seeing that He
had been condemned, was remorseful and
brought back the thirty pieces of silver to the
chief priests and elders, 4 saying, "I have
sinned by betraying innocent blood."
And they said, "What is that to us? You see
to it!"
5 Then he threw down the pieces of silver in
the temple and departed, and went and
hanged himself.
1 Tim 6:10
10 For the love of money is a root of all
kinds of evil, for which some have strayed
from the faith in their greediness, and
pierced themselves through with many
sorrows.
Peter
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Luke 22:60-62
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Immediately, while he was still speaking, the
rooster crowed. 61 And the Lord turned and
looked at Peter.
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Then Peter remembered the word of the
Lord, how He had said to him, "Before the
rooster crows, you will deny Me three times."
62 So Peter went out and wept bitterly.
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John 21:17
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17 He said to him the third time, "Simon, son
of Jonah, do you love Me?" Peter was
grieved because He said to him the third
time, "Do you love Me?"
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And he said to Him, "Lord, You know all
things; You know that I love You."
PILATE
• Pilate was 5 th procurator of Judaea. The
province of Judaea had formerly been the
kingdom of Archclaus
• The procurator was the personal servant of the
emperor, directly responsible to him, and was
primarily concerned with finance.
• Pilate possessed civil, military, and criminal
jurisdiction
• Pilate was procurator of Judaea, in succession
to Gratus, and he held office for 10 years.
Josephus tells
PILATE
• Under his rule, the Jews were allowed as
much self-government as was consistent
with the maintenance of imperial authority.
• The Sanhedrin was allowed to exercise
judicial functions, but if they desired to
inflict the penalty of death, the sentence
had to be confirmed by the procurator.
• PILATE
• The parts may be fitted together thus: Jesus is brought to Pilate
(Matt 27:2 Mark 15:1 Luke 23:1; John 18:28).
• Pilate asks for a specific accusation (John 18:29-32).
• Pilate enters the praetorium, questions Jesus about His alleged
kingship, and receives the answer that He rules over the kingdom of
truth, and over the hearts of men who acknowledge the truth. Pilate
asks: "What is truth?" (reported briefly in Matt 27:11; Mark 15:2;
Luke 23:3, and with more detail John 18:33-38).
• Pilate brings Him forth (this is the only detail that needs to be
supplied in order to make the harmony complete, and in itself it is
probable enough), and many accusations are made against Him, to
which, to Pilate's surprise, He makes no reply (Matt 27:12-14; Mark
15:3-5).
PILATE
• Pilate affirms His innocence, but the charges are repeated (Luke
23:4 f).
• Pilate sends Him to Herod, who in mockery clothes Him in shining
raiment, and sends Him back (Luke 23:6-12).
• Pilate declares that neither Herod or himself can find any fault in
Him, and offers to scourge Him and let Him go (Luke 23:13-16; John
18:38 b).
• Pilate offers to release Jesus in accordance with an ancient custom
(Matt 27:15-18; Mark 15:6-10; John 18:39).
• Pilate's wife sends him a message warning him not to harm Jesus
because she has suffered many things in a dream because of Him
(Matt 27:19).
• The people, persuaded thereto by the chief priests and elders,
choose Barabbas, and, in spite of the repeated protests of Pilate,
demand that Jesus shall be crucified (Matt 27:20-23; Mark 15:11-14;
Luke 23:18-23; John 18:40).
PILATE
• Pilate washes his hands before the people, and they take the guilt of
the deed upon themselves and their children (Matt 27:24 f).
• Pilate releases Barabbas and orders Jesus to be scourged (Matt
27:26; Mark 15:15; Luke 23:24 f).
• Jesus is scourged and mocked, buffered and spit upon (Matt 27:2731 a; Mark 15:16-20 a; John 19:1-3).
• Pilate again declares the innocence of Jesus, brings Him out, and
says: "Behold the man!" The chief priests and officers cry out:
"Crucify him!" They accuse Him of making Himself the Son of God.
• Pilate, becoming more afraid at this saying, once more interviews
the prisoner in the praetorium. He again tries to release Him, but is
accused of treachery to the emperor.
Pilate
• Overborne by this, Pilate sits on the judgment seat (see
GABBATHA), and says: "Behold your King!" Again the
cry goes up: "Away with him, crucify him!" Pilate says:
"Shall I crucify your King?" The chief priests answered
with a final renunciation of all that God had given them,
saying: "We have no king but Caesar" (John 19:4-15).
• Pilate sentences Jesus and gives Him up to be crucified,
and He is led away (Matt 27:31 b; Mark 15:20 b; Luke
23:26 a; John 19:16).
• Pilate writes a title for the cross, and refuses to alter it
(John 19:19-22).
• The Jews ask of Pilate that the legs of the three who
were crucified might be broken
PILATE
• Joseph of Arimathaea begs the body of Jesus
from Pilate (Matt 27:57-58 a; Mark 15:42 f; Luke
23:50-52; John 19:38 a).
• Pilate is surprised that Jesus has died so soon,
and questions the centurion (Mark 15:44). He
gives up to Joseph the body of Jesus (Matt
27:58 b; Mark 15:45; John 19:38 b).
• The chief priests and the Pharisees obtain
permission from Pilate to take precautions
against any theft of the body of Jesus (Matt
27:62-66).
Josephus gives an account of the
incident which led to Pilate's
downfall
• A religious pretender arose in Samaria who promised the
Samaritans that if they would assemble at Mt. Gerizim, he would
show them the sacred vessels which Moses had hidden there.
• A great multitude assembled in readiness to ascend the mountain,
but before they could accomplish their aim they were attacked by
Pilate's cavalry, and many of them were slain.
• The Samaritans thereupon sent an embassy to Vitellius, the legate
of Syria, to accuse Pilate of the murder of those who had been slain.
• Vitellius, who desired to stand well with the Jews, deposed Pilate
from office, appointed Marcellus in his place, and ordered Pilate to
go to Rome and answer the charges made against him before the
emperor
PILATE’S SUICIDE.
• THE CHURCH HISTORY OF EUSEBIUS
• CHAPTER 7.
• IT is worthy of note that Pilate himself, who was
governor in the time of our Savior, is reported to have
fallen into such misfortunes under Caius,whose times we
are recording, that he was forced to become his own
murderer and executioner; and thus divine vengeance,
as it seems, was not long in overtaking him.
• This is stated by those Greek historians who have
recorded the Olympiads, together with the respective
events which have taken place in each period.