Transcript Events of Passion Week - Christian Medical & Dental

Events of Passion Week
Gene Rudd, MD
Day of the Week
• What was your birth date?
• What was your birth day?
• Does it matter?
What about the dates and days
related to Jesus’ life?
• Julian Calendar, introduced in 46 BC
• Gregorian Calendar, also called the Christian
Calendar, introduced in 1582 AD (it allowed
for a correction of 11 minutes per year!)
• BC and AD (Anno Domini) devised in 525 AD,
but not widely used until 800 AD
• Uncertainty regarding the year of Jesus’ birth;
perhaps 4 BC.
• This would make His death in 29 AD.
Just the Right Time
You see, at just the right time, when we
were still powerless, Christ died for the
ungodly.
Romans 5:6
Chronos vs. Kairous
God’s Redemptive Plan
“The Lamb of God”
• Gen. 3:15 And I will put enmity between you and the
woman, and between your offspring and hers; he will
crush your head, and you will strike his heel.
• John 1:29 The next day John saw Jesus coming toward
him and said, “Look, the Lamb of God, who takes away
the sin of the world!
• Rev. 5:6 Then I saw a Lamb, looking as if it had been
slain, standing in the center of the throne, encircled by
the four living creatures and the elders.
Let’s Not Forget the Important
• Is. 53:3 He was despised and rejected by men, a man of
sorrows, and familiar with suffering. Like one from
whom men hide their faces he was despised, and we
esteemed him not.
• Is. 53:4 Surely he took up our infirmities and carried
our sorrows, yet we considered him stricken by God,
smitten by him, and afflicted.
• Is. 53:5 But he was pierced for our transgressions, he
was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that
brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we
are healed.
• Is. 53:6 We all, like sheep, have gone astray, each of us
has turned to his own way; and the LORD has laid on
him the iniquity of us all.
• Is. 53:7 He was oppressed and afflicted, yet he did not
open his mouth; he was led like a lamb to the
slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is silent,
so he did not open his mouth.
• Is. 53:10 Yet it was the LORD’s will to crush him and
cause him to suffer, and though the LORD makes his life
a guilt offering...
Explanation/Disclaimer
•
•
•
•
•
•
Simply a “possible” scenario
A hypothesis
Not essential to the importance of the story
Not essential to our faith
My awareness occurred in 1988
Others: Kevin J. Conner,
The Three Days and Three Nights
Copyright 1988
Okay to be Skeptical;
Discover for Yourself
Acts 17:11 Now the Bereans were of more noble
character than the Thessalonians, for they
received the message with great eagerness and
examined the Scriptures every day to see if what
Paul said was true.
Background Information
• The Passover Lamb
• The Jewish Sabbaths
• Comments on the Jewish and Roman
days/times
Exodus 12
• “on the tenth day of this month each man is to
take a lamb”
• “males without defect”
• “Take care of them until the fourteenth day of
the month, when all the people of the
community of Israel must slaughter them at
twilight.”
• “The blood will be a sign for you on the
houses where you are; and when I see the
blood, I will pass over you.”
Passover
• Lev. 23:5 The LORD’s Passover begins at
twilight on the fourteenth day of the first
month.
• First Month in Jewish Calendar: Abib (called
“Nisan” after the diaspora or captivity, e.g.
Book of Esther)
So we see…
• Unblemished Lamb to be selected on the the
10th of Abib (1st month of Jewish calendar;
coincides most closely with our March)
• Brought in for “inspection” from the 10th –
14th
• Sacrificed on the 14th (Passover)
• Passover meal served as 14th ended and 15th
began
Lamb Metaphor, >30 times
The Unblemished Lamb
• 1Pet. 1:18-19 For you know that it was not with
perishable things such as silver or gold that you were
redeemed …, but with the precious blood of Christ, a
lamb without blemish or defect.
• 1 Cor. 5:7 For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been
sacrificed.
• Heb. 9:14 How much more, then, will the blood of
Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself
unblemished to God, cleanse our consciences from
acts that lead to death, so that we may serve the
living God!
The Scarlet Thread of Scripture
• Exodus 12:13 when I see the blood, I will pass
over you
• Heb. 9:22 In fact, the law requires that nearly
everything be cleansed with blood, and
without the shedding of blood there is no
forgiveness.
Weekly Sabbaths
• Gen. 2:3 And God blessed the seventh day
and made it holy
• Ex. 20:8 Remember the Sabbath day by
keeping it holy.
• Lev. 23:3 There are six days when you may
work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath
Feasts and Special Sabbaths
Special Day/ High Sabbaths
• Passover (Abib 14): this day was unique, set
apart from other
• Feast of Unleavened Bread : begins on Abib
15, lasts for 7 days; first and last days were
Special Sabbaths (Leviticus 23: 6-8)
– Note: unlike weekly Sabbaths, these special
celebrations fall on certain dates, not specific days
of the week. Some weeks had 2 Sabbaths
An Important Clue in Scripture
• John 19:31 (NIV) Now it was the day of
Preparation, and the next day was to be a
special Sabbath. Because the Jews did not
want the bodies left on the crosses during the
Sabbath, they asked Pilate to have the legs
broken and the bodies taken down.
• KJV: “for that sabbath day was an high day”
• (A misunderstanding of this verse may be what lead to the
tradition of recognizing the crucifixion on Friday.)
Day of Preparation
• The day before a Sabbath
– If a weekly Sabbath, the Day of Preparation would
be Thursday evening to Friday evening
– The Day of Preparation referred to in John 19:31
would be Abib 14, or Passover: killing and
preparation of the lamb
• The John 19:31 “special Sabbath” = Feast of
Unleavened Bread, not a weekly Sabbath
Days and Times
• Roman (and modern) Day:
– began at midnight (12PM)
• Jewish Day
– Began at sunset
– Gen. 1:5 God called the light “day,” and the
darkness he called “night.” And there was evening,
and there was morning — the first day.
“the ___ hour”
– Matthew, Mark, and Luke used Hebrew
time
• “third hour” = 9 AM
• “sixth hour” = 12 AM
• “ninth hour” = 3 PM
– John used Roman time
• “sixth hour” = 9 AM
Jesus’ words that led to this Study
Matt. 12:38 “Teacher, we want to see a miraculous sign
from you.”
Matt. 12:39 He answered, “A wicked and adulterous
generation asks for a miraculous sign! But none will be
given it except the sign of the prophet Jonah.
Matt. 12:40 For as Jonah was three days and three nights
in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son of Man will be
three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.
(Also see “3 days” in Matthew 26:60-61; Matthew 27:62-66)
Three Days
• Mark 8:31 He then began to teach them that
the Son of Man must suffer many things and
be rejected by the elders, chief priests and
teachers of the law, and that he must be killed
and after three days rise again.
Dilemma
• How to account for 3 days between Good
Friday burial (sunset) and Sunday morning
empty tomb???
• Was the resurrection really Sunday morning?
By Kevin J. Conner
By Michael J. Harris
Solution
• Crucifixion: Wednesday
• Resurrection: Saturday evening
Daily events beginning with Abib 9
(variations from different scholars)
• Abib 9: Thursday sunset to Friday sunset
– Jesus arrives at Bethany Friday afternoon
– John 12:1 “Six days before the Passover, Jesus
arrived at Bethany, where Lazarus lived, whom
Jesus had raised from the dead.”
– This gives us a solid point to begin showing what
happened to Jesus on each day of Passion Week
– They had dinner; Mary anoints Jesus’ feet; Judas
complains about costs
• ( A second anointing of Jesus feet occurred at home of
Simon the Leper probably on Abib 12)
Abib 10
• Sunset Friday to sunset Saturday
• Weekly Sabbath
• John 12:12 The next day the great crowd that had
come for the Feast heard that Jesus was on his way
to Jerusalem.
• John 12:13 They took palm branches and went out to
meet him, shouting, “Hosanna!” “Blessed is he who
comes in the name of the Lord!” “Blessed is the King
of Israel!”
• “Palm Sunday” was on a Sabbath, but Saturday
Triumphal Entry
• Jesus arrives on the weekly Sabbath while
large crowd was there (anticipation of
Passover week)
• He arrives late in the day, visits temple and
leaves after short visit
– Mark 11:11 Jesus entered Jerusalem and went to
the temple. He looked around at everything, but
since it was already late, he went out to Bethany
with the Twelve.
Abib 11
• 11th: Saturday sunset to Sunday sunset
– First day of the Jewish week
– A pattern was established by Jesus and His
disciples
• Nights spent in Bethany at home of Lazarus, Mary and
Martha
• Daily walked 2 miles into Jerusalem to preach
– (To be “inspected,” just like the Passover Lamb)
– Jesus curses unfruitful fig tree
– Many parables taught
Abib 12
• Sunday sunset to Monday sunset
– Fig tree found weathered
• Matt. 26:2 “As you know, the Passover is two
days away — and the Son of Man will be
handed over to be crucified.”
• Mark 14:1 Now the Passover and the Feast of
Unleavened Bread were only two days away,
and the chief priests and the teachers of the
law were looking for some sly way to arrest
Jesus and kill him.
Abib 13
• Monday sunset to Tuesday sunset
• Disciples sent to reserve a room and prepare
for “Last Supper”
• Note that the usual time for the Passover meal
was the next evening. Knowing what was to
happen, Jesus arranged this early.
Abib 14
Passover
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tuesday sunset to Wednesday sunset
Lord’s Supper around sunset
Judas Betrays
Olivet Discourse: John 14-17
Prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane
Arrest
Taken before Annas, Caiaphas, and Sanhedrin
(illegally trial)
Clue
• After Arrest and appearance before
Sanhedrin, then Pilot:
– John 18:28 Then led they Jesus from
Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it
was early; and they themselves went not
into the judgment hall, lest they should be
defiled; but that they might eat the
passover.
Abib 14 (continued)
Passover
• Taken before Pilot and Herod (for capital
punishment)
• Scourged
• Crucified
– began ~9AM
– Darkness 12 AM – 3 PM
– Death 3 PM
– Burial before sunset
– Remember: this is the day that the Passover Lamb
was slain
Abib 15
First Day of Feast of Unleavened Bread
• Wednesday sunset to Thursday sunset
• “Special Sabbath”
• Guard placed at Jesus’ Tomb
– Matt. 27:62 The next day, the one after
Preparation Day, the chief priests and the
Pharisees went to Pilate.
Abib 16
• Thursday sunset to Friday sunset
• A second Day of Preparation that week
– Previous Day of Preparation: Passover, preparation
for Feast of Unleavened Bread
– This day: preparation for weekly Sabbath
– Women collect spices to anoint Jesus’ body after
the weekly Sabbath
• Luke 23:56 “Then they went home and prepared spices
and perfumes. But they rested on the Sabbath in
obedience to the commandment.”
Abib 17
• Friday sunset to Saturday sunset
• Weekly Sabbath
• Luke 23:56b “But they rested on the Sabbath
in obedience to the commandment.”
Abib 18
• Saturday sunset to Sunday sunset
• First day of the week
– Scholars generally agree that this was the day of
resurrection, but…
• Nothing in Scripture says Jesus was
resurrected on Sunday morning
Relevant Scriptures
– Matt. 28:1 After the Sabbath, at dawn on the first
day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other
Mary went to look at the tomb.
– Mark 16:2 Very early on the first day of the week,
just after sunrise, they were on their way to the
tomb
– Luke 24:1 On the first day of the week, very early in
the morning, the women took the spices
– John 20:1 Early on the first day of the week, while it
was still dark
Resurrection
• First Day of the Week
• Began Saturday at sunset
• Wednesday sunset >>> Saturday sunset
– Three days and three nights
Support for Wednesday Crucifixion
• Early Church Leaders
– Epiphanus
– Victorinus of Petau (307 AD)
– Lactantius
– Wescott
– Cassiodorus
– Gregory of Tours
• Later: Finis Dake, R.A. Torrey, and now, may
others
So, what should you believe?
• John 3:16 “For God so loved the world that he
gave his one and only Son, that whoever
believes in him shall not perish but have
eternal life.
• John 3:18 Whoever believes in him is not
condemned
• John 3:36 Whoever believes in the Son has
eternal life
1 Peter 1:3
Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord
Jesus Christ!
In his great mercy he has given us new
birth into a living hope through the
resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead
The END
No!
Not for we who believe in the Lord Jesus Christ.
Christ is Risen!