Anguilla

Monitoring Health Systems Change/Health Reform Presented by Dr. Bonnie Richardson-Lake

Background

• Most Northerly of the Leeward Islands •United Kingdom Overseas Territory •A Governor appointed by the Queen presides over an Executive Council made up of 4 Local Government Ministers, the Deputy Governor and the Attorney General •35 Square miles •2001 Census--11,561 •2003 Population Estimate--12,200

Economic Activity

•GDP per capita-- EC$20,733 or US$7,736 in 2003 •Tourism sector makes the largest contribution to GDP—28% •Government Sector--18.7% •Finance Sector--14.4% •According to the 2001 census 75% of those 15 and older were a part of the workforce.

Health Indicators 2005

•Infant mortality rate 18.0

•No maternal deaths 2001-2005 •Birth Rate 11.4 per 1,000 (2003) •Male life expectancy--76.52 •Female life expectancy--81.1

Top Causes of Death (2004)

•Cancer •Diabetes •Heart Disease •Stroke

Health Care System

•Health care system is comprised of both private and public sector •Public sector health care is delivered by the Health Authority of Anguilla •Primary Health Care is provided in five health centres throughout the three health districts

Primary Health Care

Health Centres are staffed by: •Physicians •Pharmacist •Dentist •Public Health nurses •Nurse midwives •Physiotherapist •Community health aides •Clinic aides

Primary Health Care

Services provided: •Maternal and Child health •Family Planning •Immunization, •Nutrition advice •Care of the elderly •Management of chronic diseases •Health education. •Pharmacy Services •Physiotherapy •Home Visiting •General Medical Care •Community Mental Health

Secondary Care

Princess Alexandra Hospital is a 36-bed facility which provides: •Emergency treatment •Surgical Care •General medical •Pediatric •Gynecological and obstetric care •Laboratory services •Radiological and Diagnostic services •Pharmacy services •Physiotherapy

Secondary Care

•Long-term Care—16 bed senior citizen’s home •A 12 bed in-patient psychiatric wing is currently under construction and should be commissioned by the end of this year •The unit will provide services to those with acute psychiatric illness

Anguilla’s Health Care Reform

In 2000 the Government of Anguilla (GoA) took the decision to place the delivery of health care services under a semi-autonomous statutory body—The Health Authority of Anguilla (HAA)

Anguilla’s Health Reform

•GoA was committed to attaining the most productive use of resources and a more timely response to the overall requirements of the health service.

•One of the main objectives of the reform was to attain a greater degree of efficiency in health services and an improvement in the delivery of quality health care •Having HAA separate from the Ministry of Health (MoH) removed much of the bureaucracy typically associated with the general Public Service

Anguilla’s Health Reform

Management responsibilities delegated to the HAA included: •Financial •Human Resource •Operational Delivery of Health Care Services

Advantages of a Decentralized Model

The devolution of the health services has several advantages: •Increased speed and clarity in decision-making and implementation •Health care can best be administered within the framework that allows institutions to manage their resources (both financial and human) directly •More empowered health officials with greater responsibility for the outcome of decisions

Advantages of a Decentralized Model

•Increased Sustainability •Improved Equity •Increased Quality

Role of the MoH

•After the devolution of the health services to the HAA, MoH maintained the following functions: •Policy direction •Strategic Planning for Health •Regulatory/licensing functions •Monitoring & Evaluation

Preparatory Work

Before the HAA could be commissioned several critical activities had to be undertaken. These include: •Establishment of a Health Authority Project Board to recommend an implementation strategy and later the establishment of a Shadow Board •Governance Structure of the HAA •Legislative Framework—a bill for the establishment of HAA was developed with the assistance of an international legal experts

Preparatory Work

•Development of personnel policies and transition arrangements •Development of financial management systems •Communication Plan for staff and public •Development of a National Strategic Plan for Health and subsequent service plans •Development of service agreements and new performance measurement systems •Selecting and training of key managers and Board Members

Preparatory Work

All of the activities were coordinated by regional consultant funded by DFID

HAA

The HAA was commissioned in December 2003 and became operational in January 2004 under the Health Authority of Anguilla Act

Structure of HAA

Minister of Health HAA Board Director of Nursing Services Human Resource Manager Chief Executive Officer Finance Manager Facilities Manager Director of Medical Services Coordinator of Health Promotion

MoH

Minister of Health PS Health Health Planner Director of Quality Management/CNO National AIDS Programme Coordinator Quality Management Officer

Strengthening Health Systems

National Health Fund: It is proposed that a National Health Fund (NHF) is created to purchase health care for the whole population of Anguilla as clinically needed and in an equitable manner.

National Health Fund

The NHF has been based on the guiding principles of social health insurance which include:

solidarity

- pooling the financial risk for the whole population

sustainability

- creating an independent funding mechanism able to match revenue to needs

NHF

equity

- introducing a prospective payment system removing financial barriers to access

efficiency

- avoiding the fragmentation and high overheads of multiple funding sources

effectiveness

- developing technical purchasing capacity in the NHF

accountability

- including mechanisms transparency and consumer involvement.

NHF

The Fund will be managed to ensure that money is spent on high-quality, value-for money services, and not wasted on unnecessary treatment. Individuals will contribute to the Fund when they are economically active, but the Fund will pay for care for everyone as it is needed, including children and the retired

NHF

It will be financed by a combination of: •Contributions from employers and employees based on income •An annual GoA contribution from the Consolidated Fund (which may result in a new levy or levies on the consumption of selected items) •Any other sources as may be decided by ExCo from time to time.

HEALTH AUTHORITY OF ANGUILLA HEALTH SYSTEM ACCREDITATION ACHIEVING IMPROVED MEASUREMENT (A.I.M.) WITH CANADIAN COUNCIL ON HEALTH SERVICES ACCREDITATION

OBJECTIVES OF ACCREDITATION • PROVIDES A BASIS FOR ENSURING MINIMUM STANDARD OF CARE BENCHMARKED AGAINST INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS • • • SERVES AS VECHILE FOR DRIVING CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS SERVES AS A BASIS FOR PROMOTING ORGNAIZATIONAL TRANSFORMATION AND CHANGE ESTBALISHES A BASIS FOR SUSTAINED SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT

OBJECTIVES OF ACCREDITATION (CON’T) • TOOL FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF GOOD QUALITY AND INCREASED PUBLIC CONFIDENCE IN PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES • INCREASED ORGANIZATIONAL CREDIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY

Strengthening the capacity of MoH

The MoH has sourced a consultant to assist with the following objectives: • Development of a performance measurement framework • Examination and assistance in improving the Anguilla MoH Quality Management program including staff training.

Strengthening the capacity of MoH

•Integrate epidemiology to enhance the use of information and the effectiveness of policy making, program development, and assessment related to population health.

•Evaluate and help improve the Ministry’s Health Planning functions.

Other Interventions to Strengthen Health Systems

•Establishment of a Department of Health Protection including the appointment of a Chief Medical Officer, Surveillance Officer, and Epidemiologist •Updating of Environmental Health Legislation

Other Interventions to Strengthen Health Systems

•Development of legislation to regulate health professionals •HAA surveillance officer identified and dedicated specifically to surveillance activities •Establishment of Quality Management Unit

New Approaches to Health Systems Management

•Annual Services Agreement in effect •Performance Appraisal Process implemented •Recognition and Reward programme established •Quarterly reviews in effect •Operational planning framework implemented •Full delegation of budget to managers

New Approaches to Health Systems Management

•Board Committees established – Patient care, Nursing, Human Resources and Finance •Management Committees established – Quality and Audit, Health and Safety, Disaster Management and Information Management being implemented •Instrument of Communication (MoH/HAA) being implemented

Framework of Objectives to evaluate Health Sector Reform

•Access •Equity •Quality •Effectiveness •Efficiency •Sustainability

2003

Access

2004 Facilities with a doctor (PHC) 0 Pharmacy 1 Immunization Coverage 100% 2 3 100% 2005 2 3 100%

2003

Equity

2004 2005 Spending on PHC Spending on secondary Capital Investment 3,145,000 7,200,000 395,000 2,960,000 6,050,000 375,000 3,445,000 6.820,000 700,000

EFFECTIVENESS

2003 2004 2005 Crude Birth Rate 14.1

Crude Death Rate In-patient deaths 5.6

32 14.5

5.5

23 14.3

5.4

23

2003

Efficiency

2004 Bed Occupancy 41% Average length of stay (days) 5 % of expenditure on personnel 61% 31% 4 79% 2005 21% 3 69%

Sustainability

2003 2004 2005 % of spending from Government Current Ratio Working Capital Health spending to GDP 100% NA NA 5.4% 77% 1.6:1 582,000 5.3% 79% 1.7:1 817,000 5.4%

Client Satisfaction

•80% of patients view doctors as professional and caring •78% of patients described the food as very good / good on taste, appearance and choice •94% of patients viewed the physical environment as very good / good compared to 64% in 2004 •95% of dental patients felt their needs were met •85% of dental patients viewed staff as prompt and helpful in 2005 compared to 73% in 2004 Source: Health Information Department

“There is a need for change to ensure quality, efficiency, equity, cost containment, financial sustainability, and inter-sectoral collaboration. The outcome of this new dispensation of change seeks to give the people of Anguilla greater access to health services and empower individuals and communities to assume responsibility for their health.” ---Source: Anguilla’s National Strategic Plan for Health