Transcript From Nationalism to Sectionalism

Developing a National
Identity
Chapter 3
Question
► Which
do you think is more important, the
interests of individual states, or the interest
of the National Government as a whole.
Why?
I. From Nationalism to Sectionalism
►
A. A Bold Move
 Early 1800s, Revolutions
around the world
 1. South America
► Breaking away from
Spain
► a. James Monroe
 Worried that
Europeans would try
to reclaim colonies
 Monroe Doctrine
 Said that U.S. was
off-limits to
European Countries
B. The Rise of Nationalism
► 1.
Monroe Doctrine
showed a growing
spirit of
Nationalism in
America
►
2. Nationalism and Domestic
Policy
 a. Era of Good Feelings
► This was because of the
nationalism in America
 b. McCulloch v. Maryland
► - Chief Justice John
Marshall said that nat’l
gov’ts interests more
important than state
gov’ts
 c. Gibbons v. Ogden
► - said that only the
National gov’t could
regulate trade between
states (interstate
commerce)
► 3.
Nationalism and
Foreign Affairs
 a. Adams-Onis Treaty
► U.S.
acquired Florida
► Also reset the boundary
btwn U.S. and Spain
► Allowed U.S. to settle
Oregon
 b. Monroe Doctrine
►
4. Missouri Compromise
 a. Equal # of states (22)
► 11 slave and 11 free
 b. Missouri wants to become
a slave state, which would
upset the balance
 c. the Compromise (1820)
► Missouri becomes a slave
state, Maine is added as
a free state
 d. Sectionalism
► A growing problem
► Belief that one part of
the country is more
important than another
C. The Age of Jackson
 1. Election of 1824
► Jackson
vs. John Quincy
Adams
► The Democratic Party
 2. Jackson’s presidency
► a.
Conflict w/ Native
Americans
► b. destroying the
national bank
► c. Increasing nationalism
► 3.
Indian Removal Act
 a. Five Civilized
Tribes
► -Cherokee,
Choctaw,
Chickasaw, Seminole,
and Creek
 b. Indian Removal
Act
► Natives
forced to
relocate to Indian
Territory (Oklahoma)
 c. Trail of Tears
► 4.
The National Bank
 a. 2nd Bank of the U.S.
►Been
in existence since 1816
►Jackson and democrats thought it was
uncostitutional
►Believed in having state banks
 b. Destruction of bank
►Jackson
took all money out of n. bank and put it
into state banks
► pet banks
► 5. Conflict Over States’ Rights
 a. The Tariff
►Tax on foreign goods
►North liked tariffs, because they made money
►South hated it, because it raised prices on
manufactured goods
 b. Nullifcation Crisis
►1832, Congress passed a higher tariff
►S.C. threatened to (Nullify) the law
►Also threatened to leave the Union
►Created the idea that a state could negate a federal
law
D. The Industrial North
 1. Industrial
Revolution
►Began in Britain
►Birth of modern
industry
►Work being done by
machines
►Steam Engine
► 2.
The North
Industrializes
 A. Samuel Slater
►
brought the I.R. to
America
 B. Urbanization
► People
moved into the
cities for jobs
►
3. Transportation and
Communication
 a) Roads
► -by 1840 a series of
roads connected most
cities
 b) Canals
► -Erie Canal opened in
1825
► -Connected Atlantic
Ocean to the Great Lakes
 c) Railroads
► -1830, first steampowered Railroad
► -The Railroad played a
very important role in
transportation and
settling parts of America
 d) The Telegraph
► -invented Samuel
Morse
► -Sent electronic
messages through lines
E. Cotton and the South
►
1. Eli Whitney
 a) Cotton Gin
► -separated
seeds from the
cotton, which made cotton
production increase
dramatically
► More slaves needed
 b) South became solely
dependent on growing
cotton
2. Differences btwn North and South
► North
► South
► -Free
► -Slave
States
► -Favored strong nat’l
gov’t
► -Urban
► -Industrial
► -Strong transportation
network
States
► -Favored strong state
gov’ts
► -Rural
► -Agricultural
► -Weak transportation
► -dependent on slave
labor
II. A Push for Reform
►
A. Religion Sparks Reform
 1. The 2nd Great
Awakening
► People going to church
in record numbers in
the 1800s
 2. Different Ideas
► Salvation in People’s
hands
► Not taught strict
obedience to church
rules or a minister
► People’s job to make
the country better
 3. Beginning of Abolition
► Anti-slavery
► 4.
The Reform Era
 SGA launched the Reform Era of the mid
1800s
 People trying to change America
► 5.
The Temperance
Movement
 eliminate or lessen the
use of alcoholic
beverages
 Reformers linked
alcohol to poverty,
sickness, and the
breakup of families
►
6. Education Reforms
 a) Curriculum 3 “R”s
► Reading,
Writing,
aRithmetic
 b) Characteristics
► In
1830, not all children
went to school
► Kids of all ages were
thrown into the same
classes
 c) Reason for education
► Educated
children, meant
wiser adults that made
good decisions in the future
►
7. Prison Reforms
 Prisons awful places in the
1800s
 Housed not only criminals,
but people with autism,
down’s syndrome, etc.
 a) Dorothea Dix
► Began
a Campaign for
prison reform
► Mass. She asked that
hospitals be made for
people with special needs
► Other states followed
►
8. Transcendentalism
 knowledge was found
through reason, intuition,
and personal spiritual
experience
 a) Ralph Waldo
Emerson and Henry
David Thoreau
► Tried
to rid themselves
of material possessions
B. Early Immigration and Urban
Reform
► 1.
Immigrants in the
1800s
 a) Irish
► Trying
to escape poverty
(potato famine)
► Catholic, not well-liked
by Americans
 b) Germans
► Wealthier
and protestant
► Well-received by
Americans
► 2.
The Know
Nothings
 a) Anti-Immigrant
feelings existed in
America
 b) the Know Nothing
Party
► Anti-immigrant
group
► Persecuted Irish because
they were Catholic and
poor
►
3. Reform in Cities and
Industries
 a) Urbanization
► Caused by Industrial
Revolution
 b) Tenements
► Crowded Apartments
► Unhealthy places to live
► Many reforms were
passed to clean them up
 c) Factory Life
► Many people worked in
factories
► Low wages, long hours,
unhealthy conditions
► People began to organize
into Unions
C. Women in the Reform Era
► 1.
Political Status 1800s
 Women could not vote, hold public office, or
serve on juries
 Married women not allowed to own property
 a) Reform Leaders
►Many women used their time to create
reform groups
►
2. The Seneca Falls
Convention
 1st women’s rights convention
in America
 a) Lucretia Mott
►
a leading abolitionist
 b) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
►
►
Women’s rights activist
Wrote the Declaration of
Sentiments
 C) Declaration of
Sentiments
►
said that men and women
were created equal
 d) Result
►
Got people thinking about
women’s rights
III. Expansion Leads to Conflict
►
A. Manifest Destiny
 America’s God-given right to
settle from the Atlantic to
the Pacific
 1) Trails
► a) Santa Fe Trail
 -from Independence,
Missouri to Santa Fe
New Mexi
► b) Oregon Trail
 led from
Independence to
Oregon Territory
► c) Mormon Trail
 Mormons persecuted
 Moved into Utah
►
2. The California Gold Rush
 In 1848, gold was
discovered in California
 Caused mass migration into
California
 a) Forty-niners
► Miners who went to Ca.
in 1849
 b) Statehood
► Rapid population
increase led to statehood
in 1850
 c) Boomtowns
► San Francisco,
Sacramento, Stockton
► 3.
Major Effects of
Western Migration
 a) Railroads
► Reduced
trails
the need for
 b) Effects of Migration
► 1)
The Oregon Treaty
 James K. Polk bought
Oregon Territory from
the British
 49th Parallel the border
btwn U.S. and British
Canada
►
4. Communication Links
 a) Mail
► Fastest
way to send
message
► 1) Pony Express
 b) The Telegraph
► Made
Pony Express
Obsolete
►
5. Native Americans
 Continued to be pushed off
their land and sent into
Indian Territory
B. The Texas Revolution
► 1. Beginnings of Texas
 a) Native Americans
 b) Owned by Spanish 1500s
► Set up missions
 c) Americans
► 1) Moses Austin
 Made a deal w/
Spain to create a
colony in Texas
► 2) Stephen Austin
 Created the colony in
1823
 By 1824, 1,800
Americans lived in
texas
► d)
Mexicans
 Independence from Spain in 1821
 Controlled Texas, in Stephen Austin’s time
 By 1830, nearly all settlers in Texas were
American
►
2. Texas Revolution
 a) Allegiance to Mexico
► Texans had to swear
allegiance, become
Catholic, and hold land
for 7 years
 b) Austin Arrested
► Austin asked Antonio
Lopez de Santa Anna
if he could buy Texas
► Santa Anna imprisoned
him
 c) Texas declares
independence
► March 2, 1836
►
►
►
d) The Alamo
 Military storage of
Mexico taken by Texans
 Santa Anna sent 6,000
to take it back
 March 6, 1836, they
succeed
e) Battle of San Jacinto
 Texans defeat and
capture Santa Anna
f) The Republic of Texas
C. War With Mexico
► 1. Annexation of Texas
 a) Sam Houston
►President of Texas
►Wanted the U.S. to
annex Texas
►Southerners agreed
because it was a
slave state
 b) Election of 1844
►James K. Polk
agreed to annex
Texas
► 2.




Causes of Mexican American War
a) Annexation angered Mexico
b) Polk wanted New Mexico, and California
c) Offer to buy New Mexico and California for
$80 Million
d) Mexico declared war on May 13, 1846
►
3. The Republic of California
 a) General Stephen
Kearny
► Took New Mexico
easily
 b) Bear Flag Revolt
►Small group of
Americans rebelled
against Mexican
government in Cali.
On June 14, 1846
► Called themselves the
Republic of California
► A month later, U.S.
forces secured it
► c)
End of the War
 General Winfield
Scott
►Captured Mexico
City, Sept. 1846
►Mexico
surrenders
►
4. The Results of the War
 a) Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo (1846)
► Ended the Mexican
American War
► Mexico gave up Texas
► N.M., Cali, Nev, Utah,
Col, Arz, Wyoming
 b) Slavery
► Immediately, states are
going to ask whether
slavery should be
allowed in these new
lands
► This question will start
the Civil War