Transcript The Results of the ESOF project in the EU policy context

The ESOF project in the EU
policy context
EU-seminar, 28th November 2007, Brussels
Dr. Mara Miele
Professor Terry Marsden
Dr. Selyf Morgan
CAP Reform Processes and
Multifunctionality
1.
Multifunctionality as a desired goal
2.
Agenda 2000: Pillar II promoting Multifunctional role
harnessed to Rural Development
CAP Reform Processes and
Multifunctionality
3.
2003: Single Payment Schemes and enhanced Pillar II
measures
4.
Health Check- Consultation
5.
2013: Final decoupling?
6.
What next for Multifunctionality?
Under the emerging rural development paradigm,
to be multifunctional an activity must:
 Add income and employment opportunities to the
agricultural sector
 Contribute to the construction of a new agricultural
sector that corresponds to the needs and
expectations of the society
 Imply a reconfiguration of rural resources in and
beyond the farm
Rural Development Plans
Axis I: Enhancement of the competitiveness of the agriculture
and forestry sectors
Country/
Region
Prominent features of RDP
Finland 11%
Young Farmers; modernisation of holdings; Adding value
Poland 42%
Human &vocational potential; Quality and efficiency; Supply
and processing chain improvement; cross compliance; rural
infrastructure
Netherlands
30%
Entrepreneurship; Animal welfare; food quality; environmental
impacts of agri, strengthen production chain
England 7%
Vocational training, advisory service, modernisation, adding
value, infrastructure for agri sector
Tuscany
38.5%
Support rural enterprises, markets links, innovative production,
quality, opportunities for young people
Rural Development Plans
Axis II: Improvement of the environment and countryside
Country/
Region
Prominent features of RDP
Finland 74%
Natural handicap; Agri-environment
Poland 32%
Biodiversity; soil and water; forest cover; Environmental
protection
Netherlands
30%
Natura 2000; National Landscapes; Forests; water systems
England 80%
Environmental Stewardship, Woodland Grant Scheme, Hill
Farm Allowance; Energy Crops Scheme
Tuscany 40%
Biodiversity, water, renewable energy, landscape protection
Rural Development Plans
Axis III: Quality of life in the countryside and diversification of
rural economy
Country/
Region
Prominent features of RDP
Finland 14%
Diversification into non-agri activities; Micro-enterprises
Poland 20%
Standards of living; rural infrastructure; entrepreneurship
outside agriculture; rural services access
Netherlands
10%
Diversification in agriculture; rural micro enterprises; rural
tourism
England 7%
Non-agri diversification , micro-enterprises, tourism,
conservation and rural heritage, skills acquisition
Tuscany
10.5%
Improving attractiveness of rural areas for enterprise and
residents
Rural Development Plans
Share of the EAFRD budget in each country/region devoted to each Axis
Country/
Region
Axis 1
Axis II
Axis III
Axis IV
(LEADER
approach)
Technical
Assistance
Finland
11%
74%
14%
4.3%
1%
Poland
42%
32%
20%
4.6%
1.5%
Netherlands 30%
30%
30%
10%
England
7%
80%
7%
5%
Tuscany
38.5%
40%
10.5%
10%
Axis IV: LEADER approach for Axes I-III
1%
Entrepreneurial Skill Development
1. E-skill development as a learning process: learning
events and episodes constructed as a process over
variable times and spaces.
2. Importance of new perspectives, creating novelty and
the economic and social capability of detachment from
prevailing conditions.
3. Skills sets and pathways as a form of social and spatial
contingency- a social (empowering) space and remixing
the economic, social and ecological.
4. Combinations of internal relational and external arena.
5. Ways of dealing with the contradictory and vulnerable
policy frameworks which surround farming.
6. Multifunctionality as an active process
New remit for EU
Agricultural Policy?
• From overproduction to scarcity
– A new scenario of scarcity contrasting starkly with the
post-productivist assumptions of agricultural policy in
the latter period of the C20th
• Indicators in the CAP reform Health Check e.g. the
removal of set-aside
• Similar concerns from WP3
– the rise of eastern economies; changes in diet;
climate change with its attendant effects on water
resources and the development of bio-fuels
‘Declining crop yields, especially in Africa, could leave hundreds of
millions without the ability to produce or purchase sufficient food. At
mid to high latitudes, crop yields may increase for moderate
temperature rises (2 - 3°C), but then decline with greater amounts of
warming. At 4°C and above, global food production is likely to be
seriously affected…..
…..Developed countries in lower latitudes will be more vulnerable or example, water availability and crop yields in southern Europe are
expected to decline by 20% with a 2°C increase in global
temperatures. Regions where water is already scarce will face
serious difficulties and growing costs.’
(STERN REVIEW: The Economics of Climate Change, 2006)
“Livestock are one of the most significant contributors to today’s
most serious environmental problems. Urgent action is required to
remedy the situation.”
Henning Steinfeld, Chief of FAO’s Livestock Information and Policy
Branch
With increased prosperity, people are consuming more meat and
dairy products every year. Global meat production is projected to
more than double from 229 million tonnes in 1999/2001 to 465
million tonnes in 2050, while milk output is set to climb from 580 to
1043 million tonnes.
FAO report, Livestock’s Long Shadow –Environmental Issues and
Options (2006)
Entrepreneur Description: Tuscany
Bulk
Dynamic Entrepreneurs: strongly manifest the 3 skills
Developing Entrepreneurs: current limitations e.g. ownership/
succession being addressed to become more dynamic
Traditional Entrepreneurs: Focus on production skills with
limited strategic innovation, limited networking demand,
limited risk taking but exploit well-understood strengths
VA
Strongly Strategic Entrepreneurs: using formal business
plans and strongly manifest the 3 skills
Strongly Networking Entrepreneurs: main strength in
utilising contacts and networking while also manifesting other
skills
General Entrepreneurial: manifest the 3 skills but with some
limitations e.g. undeveloped strategy or networking skills, or
fails to develop many opportunities
NFD
Strongly Strategic Entrepreneurs: conscious promotion of
multifunctional character of farm inc. care, tourism, etc and
relationship between farm and territory, production and
marketing
Strongly Networking Entrepreneurs: opportunistic approach,
capitalising on limited farm potential and available state
support
Strategic activity: Tuscan Farmers
Bulk
Supply processors: dairies, abattoirs, wine cellars, coops/ agrarian consortia, large organised distributors
All farmers show at least one of the entrepreneurial
skills
VA
On-farm processing and bottling wine, olive oil; raw
sheep milk cheese; preserves and jams; hemp products,
vegetable and fruit processing and packaging; farm
sales; specialist breeds and plant varieties
NFD
Agri-tourism, Social Care, Educational