Transcript Folie 1 - European Soil Database

CSI015: Progress in the Management of
Contaminated Sites
Sigbert Huber & Gundula Prokop
EIONET Workshop on Soil
Ispra, 10-12 December 2012
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Key Objectives & Policy Background
Key Objectives
To achieve a quality of the environment where the levels of man-made
contaminants on sites do not give rise to significant impacts or risks to
human health and to ecosystems.
Policy Background
No European targets to reduce local soil contamination have yet been
established.
Specifics of CSI015
• The indicator aims at monitoring improvements of contaminated sites
management in the Member States
• The data collection is based on aggregated national data
 Collected data are not referring to specific sites (not geo-referenced)
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Type of indicator
Response Indicator
 What is being done to
reduce or avoid local
contamination?
State Indicator
 Data on the extent of local
soil contamination in Europe
Descriptive Indicator
 What is happening to the
environment and to humans?
(category A)
 Are we improving?
(category C)
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History (previous data collections)
Regular data collections
since 2001
The key topics addressed
changed over time
In 2011 new parameters
related to the
management of cont.
sites were introduced
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Key policy questions addressed
PQ1 What is the estimated extent of soil contamination?
PQ2 How much progress is being achieved in the management
and control of local soil contamination?
PQ3 Which sectors contribute most to soil contamination?
PQ4 Which are the main contaminants affecting soil and
groundwater in and around contaminated sites?
PQ5 How much is being spent on cleaning-up soil
contamination? How much of the public budget is being used?
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Return rates
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PQ1 What is the estimated extent of soil contamination?
Key Observation
~ 4.2 Potentially Contaminated Sites / 1,000 inhabitants
~ 5.7 Contaminated Sites / 10,000 inhabitants.
Extrapolation for coverage of EEA Member States:
2.5 mio. Potentially Contaminated Sites are estimated to exist
340,000 Contaminated Sites (14 % of the above) are estimated to exist
and in need of remediation measures.
Remarks
• Estimates of the scale of local soil contamination are available for about
one third of the countries surveyed.
• The terms “Potentially Contaminated Site” and “Contaminated Site” are
interpreted differently among the European countries.!!
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PQ2 How much progress is being achieved in the
management and control of local soil contamination?
Identified Sites
Parameters used
• number of Potentially Contaminated Sites (per country)
• number of Contaminated Sites (per country)
• number of Remediated Sites (per country)
Key observations
~ 1,170,000 Potentially Contaminated Sites are already identified
…this corresponds to approximately about 45 % of the estimated total.
~ 58,300 Contaminated Sites are already identified
...this corresponds to approximately about 33 % of the estimated total
…15% of the estimated total have already been remediated
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Contaminated Sites
remediated
58
identified
127
estimated total
342
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
sites x 1.000
Potentially Contaminated Sites
already identified
1.170
2.521
estimated total
0
500
1.000
1.500
sites x 1.000
2.000
2.500
3.000
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Progress per management step
4 Key Management Steps
• preliminary study
• preliminary investigation
• main site investigation
• implementation of risk reduction measures
Figure
Key observation
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Inventories for contaminated sites
National central inventory
Decentralised inventories
No information
Inventories
Key observation
28 countries keep comprehensive inventories for Contaminated Sites
….of which 25 countries with central national data inventories
….and 3 countries with inventories at the regional level
….plus a few Italian regions keep inventories (not on the map)
Malta
Cyprus
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Remediation Techniques
Figure
Key observations
• Treatment of contaminated soil: “traditional” remediation techniques are
prevailing (30%)
• Treatment of contaminated groundwater: ex-situ physical and/or
chemical treatments are reported to be the most commonly applied
(37%).
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PQ3 Which sectors contribute most to soil
contamination?
Main types of local sources of contamination
Key sources of local contamination [%]
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
05%
00%
Waste
disposal &
treatment
Industrial &
commercial
activities
Storage
Others
Transport
spills on land
Military
Nuclear
operations
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PQ4 Which are the main contaminants affecting soil
and ground-water in and around contaminated sites?
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PQ5 How much is being spent on cleaning-up soil
contamination? How much of the public budget is
being used?
Annual remediation expenditures
Key observations
• 42% public expenditures and 58% private expenditures
• Annual national expenditures: ~ 10 € per capita (2 € - 30 €)
• Average expenditures: 0.4 € per € million of national GDP
• Decrease in expenditures (12 € per capita; 0.7 € per € million of national
GDP) compared to the 2006
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Expenditures for investigation and remediation
Key observations
• Cost allocation: 81% remediation measures and 15% site investigations
• Costs for site investigations: 5,000 - 50,000 € (60% of reported cases).
• Costs for remediation projects: 50,000 € to 500,000 € (40% of the reported
cases).
• Large remediation projects > € 5 mio. (only 8% of reported cases)
Figure
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Funding mechanism for orphan sites
Key observation
18 European countries
have funding mechanisms
for so called “orphan”
contaminated sites
(sites where no liable
party can be identified)
Funding mechanisms for orphan sites
Funding mechanism available
Funding mechanism at regional level
No funding mechanism
No information
Malta
Cyprus
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Conclusions
The indicator provides rough orientation values at European scale; i.e.
expenditures, number of sites in need of remediation, key sources etc. for
different sectors.
Remediation market
 Sites in need of remediation measures
 Which techniques are most commonly needed
Research information
 Which contaminants occur most commonly in groundwater in soil
 Need for new remediation solutions
Information for policy makers
 Budget allocations
 Financing of remediation
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Recommendations
• The four defined management steps need to be better linked with the
various site categories (Potentially Contaminated Sites, Contaminated
Sites, Remediated Sites).
Figure
• A few parameters could be simplified and/or abandoned
• Some minor additions are recommended with regard to
“data inventories”,
“overall management costs” and
“remediation techniques”.
A general recommendation is that the data collection should be simplified as
this could lead to an increase of the response rate.
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Discussion
Consider abandoning the collection of data related to Potentially
Contaminated Sites.
…instead focus on really “really risky” sites (where serious contamination and
significant risks to human health or the environment are verified)
[Input from Common Forum on Contaminated Land]
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Thank you!
Sigbert Huber
+43 1 31304 3760
[email protected]
Gundula Prokop
+43 1 31304 5923
[email protected]
Umweltbundesamt GmbH
www.umweltbundesamt.at
EIONET Workshop
Ispra, 10-12 December 2012
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