Transcript Green Highways and Green Streets for 21st Century

Green Highways and Green Streets
for 21st Century Infrastructure:
Strategies, Technologies and Funding
Presented By:
The Low Impact Development (LID) Center, Inc. as part of
an Assistance Agreement with EPA Region 3 Office of Water and
the Green Highways Partnership (GHP)
The Low Impact Development Center, Inc. has met the
standards and requirements of the Registered Continuing
Education Program. Credit earned on completion of this
program will be reported to RCEP at RCEP.net. A certificate
of completion will be issued to each participant. As such, it
does not include content that may be deemed or construed
to be an approval or endorsement by RCEP.
COPYRIGHT MATERIALS
This educational activity is protected by U.S. and International
copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display, and use
of the educational activity without written permission of the
presenter is prohibited.
© The Green Highways Partnership Center
for Training and Development
Purpose and Learning Objectives
The purpose of this presentation is provide a
introduction to and discussion on green highways.
At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:
• Describe greener approaches to planning, design,
and construction
• Discuss funding opportunities and sources
• Cite national case studies
• Explain federal, state, & local perspectives
What Makes a Highway or Street Green?
© The Low Impact Development Center, Inc.
Street Tree Space (Soil Volume = 1,000 cf)
Compost Amended Soils
Permeable Pavement
In Parking Lane
Permeable Pavement
Under Bike Rack
Permeable
Sidewalks
Bike Rack
Bioretention
Bioretention
Permeable Pavement
In Transitway
Permeable
Bike Lane
“The Green Highways Partnership (GHP) watershed
approach…
• Recognizes that multiple land uses coexist in watersheds
• Uses a collaborative approach
– Provides an opportunity for organizations to plan and deliver the most
cost-effective protection, even improvement, to watersheds
• Goes beyond NPDES compliance
– Shifts perspective from implementing stormwater exclusively on-site
that meets conventional regulatory guidelines to off-site that addresses
watershed improvement goals
This framework can serve as a model for other departments of
transportation.”
Raja Veeramachaneni
Co-Chair, GHP Watershed-Driven Stormwater Management Team
Presentation
• Introduction to the Green Highways Partnership (GHP)
• Greener Approaches to Planning, Design and Construction
• Funding Opportunities and Sources  Making the funding
connections, such as ARRA
• National Case Studies
• Federal, State & Local Perspectives
• Facilitated Discussion & Question and Answer
• GHP
o Purpose
o Background
o Highlights
• Green Highways Watershed Approach to Stormwater
Management
o Linear projects at the state and local DOT level
o Principles & Regulatory Connections
Green Highways Partnership (GHP)
• Formed in 2005
• Voluntary – Not Regulatory
• Collaborative Effort
• Public-Private Partnership
• Goals
– Promote innovation, stewardship, streamlining, and green
solutions for the linear transportation projects
Green Highways & Green Streets enable:
o Development of integrated watershed planning approaches
o Leveraging of resources (technology, funding, outreach
o Integration of green elements into infrastructure
o Creation of partnerships and development of cross-cutting
programs
o Creation of Context Sensitive Solutions
GHP Framework: 3 Major Environmental
“Theme” Teams
– Conservation & Ecosystem Protection
– Recyclables & Reuse
– Watershed-Driven Stormwater
Management
Ten Guiding Principles!
Theme Teams
• Conservation & Ecosystem Protection
• Establish regional ecosystem frameworks and an ecosystem
approach to transportation programs and projects.
• Recyclables and Reuse
• Promote environmentally sound use of industrial, residential, and
commercial materials and byproducts
• Promote practices that conserve non-renewable resources , reduce
impacts to landfills, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and save
energy.
• Watershed-Driven Stormwater Management
• Implement watershed-driven approach to address stormwater
impacts through integrated and innovative practices
Conservation & Ecosystem Protection
• Uses natural infrastructure approaches to link transportation and
environmental planning.
• Identifies critical habitats and other areas of ecological importance
• Facilitates the placement, design, and scope of future transportation
projects
• Urban Ecosystem Analysis can accurately measure “environmental
savings* of using a “natural infrastructure approach”.
*Potential savings that can be calculated are:
• Non-point source stormwater impacts
• Carbon sequestration and storage
City of Bellevue, Washington
Urban Ecosystem Analysis
Calculating the Value of Nature
• Green infrastructure analysis & modeling
summary
– Conducted by American Forests Urban Eco
Systems Center
– CITYgreen© software
Source: American Forests
• http://www.americanforests.org/
downloads/rea/AmforReport_Bellevue_l
owres.pdf
Assessing Natural Infrastructure
• Urban Ecosystem Analysis
– Means of calculating existing & potential value of a communities’
natural infrastructure and land use
Page from report showing
City of Bellevue, Washington
Landcover Classification from 2007
High Resolution Imagery
Source: American Forests
http://www.americanforests.org/resources/rea/
NCHRP Project 25-09
Evaluation Methodology
Main components of C&R material evaluation:
• Material Screening
• Detailed Laboratory Evaluation
• Fate and Transport Modeling
• Evaluation of Data and Characterization
Potential Impacts
• Report with Tools/Methodology for
Evaluating materials is available
http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_448.pdf
NCHRP Project 25-09
Waste and By-product Materials Evaluated
Coal Combustion
Products
Blast Furnace
Slag
Scrap Tires
Foundry Sand
MSW Incinerator
Ash
Steel Slag
Sludge Ash
Non-Ferrous Slag
Mining Waste
Baghouse Fines
Reclaimed
Reclaimed
Asphalt Pavement Concrete
Pavement
Waste Polymers Waste
Kiln Dust
Glass/Ceramic
Quarry Fines
Silica Fumes
Sulfate Waste
Shingle Waste
Recycling and Reuse (R/R)
Benefits of Industrial Materials Use
• Environmental
o Avoided impacts from processing virgin
materials (e.g. GHG emissions)
• Economic
o Reduced transfer and disposal costs
• Performance
o Perform as well as or better than traditional
materials
• Increased strength, improved workability, resistance
to chemical attack, longer life
Recycling and Reuse (R/R)
Examples
• State DOT pilot projects that optimize beneficial use
of byproducts
o Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania
• Efforts currently include:
o Virginia GHP demonstration projects and Green Rating
System
o Mid-Atlantic Specification Harmonization Task
o Information exchanges (NRC, other regions), outreach
tools
Watershed-Driven Stormwater Management
• Promotes coordination of public and private stakeholder
interests toward watershed protection
• Supports & integrates R&D – leveraged to address data
needs and gaps
• Uses collaborative partnerships to produce tangible
results
• Provides an opportunity for infrastructure agencies to
plan and deliver the most cost-effective protection that
includes added benefits to watersheds
• Promotes protection and restoration measures both
inside & outside the DOT ROW
Watershed-Driven Stormwater Management
Principles of Watershed Approach
• Regulatory compliance is the minimum
• Requires a stormwater management plan considering
watershed-wide needs – Targeted results per year
• Focuses on achieving overall positive environmental
results for the watershed
• Integrates stormwater plans into transportation project
development and project features
Watershed-Driven Stormwater
Management Highlights
•
•
•
•
•
•
GHP Model DOT Stormwater Permit
R&D project – Use of Slag to Reduce P Loadings
County Partnering – Green Highways & Green Streets
Villanova Porous Pavement Study
Maryland State Highway Watershed Approach
Support for Anacostia Watershed-Driven Nannie Helen
Burroughs (NHB) Project
• Support for Prince George’s County, MD Watershed BMP
Optimization Model
• Support for GI-Driven Training – including this Webinar
GHP Watershed-Driven Stormwater Pilot:
Development of a DOT Linear-Based Model NPDES Stormwater Permit
• Using Green Infrastructure Strategies
– Partners: EPA Region 3, DNREC, DelDOT, FHWA
• Purpose
– Develop a model watershed-driven stormwater permit that utilizes
greener stormwater management controls and cost/effective O&M
for DOT facilities and operations.
• Why?
– Supports GHP objective to collaboratively
develop and evaluate innovative solutions
that achieve “better than before” results tailored for the linear transportation
environment.
GHP Watershed-Driven Stormwater Pilot:
Development of a DOT Linear-Based Model NPDES Stormwater Permit
• GHP Design Principles
• Watershed serves as a driver for Context Sensitive Design
• DelDot MS4 Permit
• Prototype used
• Already utilizing green “infiltration” practices due to DE Green
Technology Standards
• Evaluate streamlining & general permit opportunities
• Provides foundation for “credit” system
• GHP Design Toolbox
• Mix of traditional & non-traditional (LID) practices within & outside of
the ROW
Project 25-20(01):
Evaluation of Best Management Practices
for Highway Runoff Control
Low Impact Development Highway Manual
(National Cooperative Highway
Research Program, NCHRP)
http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_565.pdf
Green Strategies
Reforestation
Permeable Walks
Bioretention
Soil Amendments
Source: Project 25-20(01): Evaluation of Best Management Practices for Highway Runoff Control
Low Impact Development Highway Manual (National Cooperative Highway Research Program, NCHRP)
http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_565.pdf
Porous/Pervious Pavements
Product and Technology-Based Solutions & Best Management Practices
•
Porous/Pervious Pavements serve as an “at source” solution
•
Multiple product sources and technologies
Porous Aggregates
Porous Asphalt
Pervious Concrete
Open Jointed Blocks
Source: Bruce
Porous Aggregates
Ferguson
Source: KPFF Engineers
Porous Asphalt
Maintenance
Source: Bruce Ferguson
Open Jointed Blocks (Pavers)
Pervious Concrete
Porous/Pervious Pavements
Product and Technology-Based Solutions & Best Management Practices
Two terms currently being used:
Porous: having pores (voids)
Pervious: allowing fluid to pass through
Successful porous/pervious pavements require correct:
- Pavement selection
- Design
- Installation
- Maintenance
Source: Portland Cement
Association & National Ready
Mixed Concrete Association
Porous/Pervious Pavements
Sustainable Characteristics and Benefits :
- Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Compliant
- Shoes, wheel chairs, crutches
- Noise Reduction
- Stormwater Mitigation/Management
- Cooler Surface
- Supports Tree Growth
Source: Interlocking Concrete
Pavement Institute (ICPI)
Source: Interlocking Concrete
Pavement Institute (ICPI)
Pervious Concrete
Park & Ride Parking Lot (4 acres)
Site of 2008 Super Bowl – Glendale, Arizona
Source: National Ready Mixed Concrete Association (NRMCA)
Slide 31 of
Alternative
Materials
Source: Interlocking Concrete
Pavement Institute (ICPI)
Source: RMC Research & Education Foundation
Large R-O-W’s for Suburban/Rural Arterials
Source: Prince George’s County Department of Environmental Resources, Maryland
Compost Amendments and Filter Soxx
Source: Filtrexx
Samplers
Pretreatment
Check Dams
Pretreatment
Grass Swale
Swale
Source: A.P. Davis, University
of Maryland College Park
Flow Data 11/16/05 Storm Event
0
0.8
0.1
0.7
0.6
Direct
SHA
MDE
Rainfall
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.1
0
14:00
0.2
0.5
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
0:00
Time
Source: A.P. Davis, University of Maryland College Park
2:00
Rainfall (in)
Normalized Flow (cfs/acre)
0.9
Innovative & Adaptive BMP Conditions
Source: Low Impact Development Center, Inc.
Bioretention in a Box
Source: Filterra
Constructability
Mt. Rainier, Maryland LID Demonstration Project
LID Center designed this project for the University of Maryland, College
Park and the Hydrology and Hydraulics Division of the Maryland State
Highway Administration (SHA).
Irving Street
Cloverleaf Retrofit
(Washington DC)
Source: Greeley and Hansen, LLC
Erosion & Sediment Control
& Site Restoration
Irving Street Cloverleaf
Retrofit (Washington DC)
Procurement and Inspection
How do we integrate these green techniques with
conservation and green infrastructure planning?
EPA / FHWA Grant
Source: Low Impact Development Center, Inc.
Chesapeake Bay Trust Urban Greening Grant
Edmonston, Maryland:
A Great Green Town
Source: Low Impact Development Center, Inc.
Community revitalization through the
use of low impact development,
attraction of green businesses, and
attention to health by encouraging
biking and walking.
National model for ways to effectively invest American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds in Green
Infrastructure
Source: Low Impact Development Center, Inc.
Green Jobs
• EPA Region 3 & Headquarters
Partnerships
– Federal
– State
– Local Governments
• Leverage resources for
economic revitalization and
environmental restoration
• http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pu
bs/gi_greenjobs_feb09.pdf
Source: U.S. EPA
Retrofit Strategies for BMPs
NCHRP 25-31
o Guidelines for Evaluating &
Selecting Modifications to
Existing Roadway Drainage
Infrastructure to Improve
Water Quality in UltraUrban Areas
Project Status: Geosyntec team
in progress
Integration with Community & Economic
Development Planning & Site Design
Source: Neoscape
Decentralized Controls Integrated into
Urban Infrastructure
BMP
Downspout Disconnection
Filter Strips
Infiltration Practices
Pocket Wetlands
Porous Pavement
Rain Barrels/Cisterns
Rain Gardens
Soil Amendments
Tree Box Filters
Vegetated Roofs
Vegetated Swales
Infiltration
ET*
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Interception

Conveyance
Detention
Retention
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Reuse**
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* Evapotranspiration
** Collected water can be used for landscaping, non-potable building uses (e.g., toilets), or as raw water to be treated for
drinking.
Blank: N/A
Low reliance
Key:  High reliance
 Medium reliance
Rankings are qualitative. “High reliance” means that the process is integral to the BMP’s ability to meet stormwater management
objectives, and that the BMP uses the process to its full potential in the urban environment. “Medium reliance” was assigned
when a process is a secondary component of the BMP’s operation, or when the BMP does not use the process to its full
potential. “Low reliance” means that the process only marginally contributes to the BMP’s ability to meet stormwater
management objectives. The rationale for ranking hydrologic cycle elements is given in Section 2.3.2.
Source: WERF
Design Manuals
Source: Anacostia Waterfront Transportation Architecture Design Standards
System Integration, Consistency & Sustainability
Source: District Department of Transportation
City of Baltimore, MD
Green Streets Master Plans
PlaNYC
• Target intersections
– Prone to nuisance flooding
– With specific CSO problems
• Funding and planning
– 80 new Green Streets every year for the next
decade
– Small plantings in right of way one of PlaNYC’s
most successful retrofit programs
Source: Draft PlaNYC Sustainable Stormwater Management Plan 2008
http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/downloads/pdf/draft_sustainable_stormwater_management_plan
_october_2008.pdf
1. VISION
Complete Streets are:
Multi-modal: Safe, comfortable & accessible for all users
Green: Sustainable materials, storm water management & reduced
energy consumption
Smart: efficient & maximize technological advances
• Complete streets are green
6. Greenscape
-Street Trees
-Plantings
-Rain Gardens
-Bio-Swales
-Paving Materials
• Moderate local climate
• Filter air pollutants and absorb CO2
• Store storm water and reduce runoff
• Enhance the biodiversity of
species, enhance wildlife habitat
• Connect us to larger ecosystems
through interactions with local
green spaces
• Mitigate pavement in parking lots,
traffic islands and medians
www.cityofboston.gov/parks/streettrees/
Resources
• http://www.lowimpactdevelopment.org/green_highways.htm
• http://www.greenhighways.org
• http://www.epa.gov/greeninfrastructure/
• http://www.trb.org/CRP/About/Div.asp
• http://www.asce.org
• http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/home.cfm?program_id=298
• http://www.icpi.org
• http://www.rmc-foundation.org/
• http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/
• http://www.nrmca.org
• http://www.perviouspavement.org
Thank you for your time.
QUESTIONS?
Low Impact Development Center, Inc.
www.lowimpactdevelopment.org
301.982.5559