Transcript Slide 1

Unit 4—Enlightenment &
Revolutions
Mr. Barchetto
MMW-Honors
England: Tudor Queens &
Stuart Kings

Henry VIII Reading

The Tudors & Stuarts
Genealogical Chart
◦ Using Basic Skills
worksheet 18 and a
partner study family
tree and answer the
questions.
◦ Review Answers
Elizabeth I Faced Many
Challenges
Objectives
 How did Elizabeth settle
England’s religious problems?

Significance of Mary Stuart

Identify Phillip II & the Spanish
Armada

Financial & Parliament
Problems
Where does England’s
religious problems stem
from?
How did Elizabeth settle
England’s religious
problems?
Elizabeth & The Church of England
Significance of
Mary Stuart
Who is Mary Stuart?
What does she want?
What unfolds?
Mary Stuart Queen of the Scots
Who is Phillip II?
Why is he upset?
What does he want?
What is the Spanish
Armada?
What is the result?
Phillip II & The Spanish Armada
Why does Elizabeth have
Financial problems?
Why does Elizabeth have
Parliament problems?
Elizabeth: Financial & Parliament Problems
The Magna Carta
(The Great Charter) 1215

On June 15, 1215, the barons of Medieval
England confronted King John at
Runnymede, and forced the king to put his
seal on the Magna Carta.

King John had been an unpopular king who
abused his power, oppressed his subjects

The barons wrote the Magna Carta, which
contained 63 clauses promising all freemen
access to courts and a fair trial, eliminating
unfair fines and punishments, giving power
to the Catholic Church in England, and
addressing many lesser issues.

The Magna Carta was the source of many
of the important ideas contained in
founding documents of the United States,
such as the Declaration of Independence
and the Bill of Rights.
Principle
The Magna Carta (1215)
American Declaration of
Independence (1776)
Rule of Law
Laws exist and all citizens must obey them. The
king is not above the law. If the king breaks the
law, his vassals can remove him from the
throne.
King George III has broken the laws and
refused rights of colonists; the people
therefore "throw off his government of
tyranny and reestablish rights under the rule
of law.
Balance of
Power
Power of the Purse
Even though the king is the nation's leader and
authority, his vassals have both the right and the
responsibility to check or limit his power.
The king has demanded that some of his
subjects give up the right of representation
in legislature.
The king cannot levy any extra taxes "without
the common consent of the realm." Without new
taxes, the king cannot increase his army and
overturn the balance of power by attacking his
vassals.
The king has imposed taxes on colonists
without their consent.
Security of Private
Property
Things that do not belong to the king (land,tools)
cannot be taken from their owners without their
consent. This agreement not only preserves
right of subjects to own property but also stops
the king from becoming richer or more powerful
by taking property from his subjects.
The king has "plundered our seas, ravaged
our coasts, burned our towns, destroyed the
lives of our people."
Limited
Government
Due Process of
Law
Judgment By
One's Peers
There are limits to the powers of both the king
and his barons. This idea relates to balance of
power.
Governments should protect the rights and
liberties of citizens. The king has opposed
citizens' rights, and liberties. A new nation
must be formed to protect them.
Someone who is accused of a crime cannot
simply be condemned by the king or his sheriffs.
There is a process for hearing both sides of the
case and making a fair judgment.
The king has refused to agree to laws related
to justice; has made some judges dependent
on his will.
This idea is the "seed" of our jury system, which
guarantees that the guilt or innocence of a
citizen accused of a crime will be decided by a
jury of his or her peers.
The king has deprived many colonial citizens
of the benefits of trial by jury.
The Model Parliament
1295AD

Open textbook and
read pg.251-252

Then answer
question four on
page 254
England had a Civil War

Theory of the divine
right of kings:
◦ According to James I speech to
Parliament how would you define
the divine right of kings?
James I to Parliament in 1610:
The state of the monarchy is the
supremest thing upon earth: for kings
are not only God’s lieutenants upon
earth, and sit upon God’s throne, but
even by god himself they are called gods.
God has power to create or destroy,
make or unmake, at his pleasure to give
life or send death, to judge all and to be
judged. And the like power have kings:
they make and unmake their subjects,
they have power of raising, and casting
down; of life, and of death.

Timeline England’s Civil War Pt.1
1610-11
• James I
• Problems
1626-27
• Charles I
• Costly
Wars
1628
• Parliament
• Petition of
Rights
1639
• Laud & The
Scots
1642
• Cavaliers &
Roundheads
Timeline England’s Civil War Pt.2
1646
• Cromwell’s
• New Model
Army
1649
• Charles Trial
Jan. 30, 1649
• Charles is
Beheaded
• Significance?
1653
• A New Day
• Cromwell’s
Reign
1660-85 The Restoration
Merry Monarch
Moderate Ruler
habeas corpus
Problems Religion
Problems Money
Charles II
What leads to the
formation of political parties
in England?
The Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution
Tories
Whigs
James II & Charles II differences
James II events which cost him
his throne
Mary and William of Orange
Glorious Revolution
Tories vs. Whigs
William & Mary & Parliament’s
relationship
Limits of Royal Power are
established in what
English Bill of Rights 1689
Main provisions:
1.
The King could not suspend the
operation of laws.
2.
The King could not interfere with
the ordinary course of justice.
3.
No taxes levied or standard army
maintained in peacetime without
Parliament’s consent.
4.
Freedom of speech in Parliament.
5.
Sessions of Parliament would be
held frequently.
6.
Subjects had the right of bail,
petition, and freedom from
excessive fines and cruel and
unusual punishment.
7.
The monarch must be a Protestant.
8.
Freedom from arbitrary arrest.
9.
Censorship of the press was
dropped.
10.
Religious toleration.
Looking at the
following cartoon what
political term will be
used to describe the
English government
from 1689-onwards?
Political Ideas Born from Conflict
Did the English people have a right to rebel against Charles I in 1642 and
against James II in 1688? Could a ruler lawfully be overthrown by his
subjects?

Thomas Hobbes
◦ View on human nature?
◦ Leviathan
◦ View on Absolute
Monarchy

John Locke
◦ View on human nature?
◦ Treatises on Government
◦ View on Absolute Monarchy