Health care Compared: U.S., U.K. and Canada Presented by: Haydyn Hedgspeth

Topics to be discussed ► Development of health care in the U.S., U.K., and Canada.

► Problems within each of these three countries.

► Reforms that have made their HCS what they are today.

► The comparison of the three countries.

U.S. health care ► Cost, Access, Quality.

► Relatively new system.

► Formation of the modern health insurance plan.

► Expansion of government programs in the 1950s-60s.

► Health care reforms during the 1990s.

U.S. health care ► Public v. Private insurance.

► Health care Payments.

► Role of Government.

► Inefficiencies v. Inequities.

 Administrative costs ► Problems with the system.

► What’s next?

U.K. health care ► Development of the National Health Service.

► NHS Act of 1946.

► Funding for the NHS.

  public and private health care PCT’s ► Access and charges.

U.K. health care ► Reforms under the Thatcher government and the Blair government.

► Criticisms ► Waiting lists, coverage, public opinion

Canadian health care ► Brief History ► Recent Developments ► 5 founding principles with 10 systems  development of Medicare ► Funding  federal governments role

Canadian health care ► Rationing ► Private v. Public  Changing role of private sector ► Future reforms

Canadian v American HCS ► Per capita spending ► Government involvement  Public v. Private ► Technology ► Health care outcomes  Cancer statistics

Cancer Intestinal Stomach Lung Non-Hodgkin lymphoma All Cancers Cancer in Females Canadian mortality rate Canadian incidence rate American mortality rate American incidence rate 17.1

42.2

16.1

44.3

3.5

35.4

4.8

44.9

5.5

13.6

148.2

346.6

3 41.9

5.9

160.5

4.9

56.6

15.8

403.6

Cancer Intestinal Stomach Lung Non-Hodgkin lymphoma All Cancers Cancer in Males Canadian mortality rate Canadian incidence rate American mortality rate American incidence rate 26.8

60.9

23 60.4

7.4

62.7

8.5

215.1

11.5

70.9

18.9

455.5

5.7

71.9

9.3

234.1

10 86.8

22.2

541.8

Canadian v American HCS (cont) ► Monopsony  Government issues ► Consumer driven health care  HSA’s, HDHP ► Possible shift??

U.K. v U.S. HCS ► HCS historical perspectives ► Health care access considerations ► Quality of health care ► Health care costs

Conclusion ► The development ► Problems and Crisis ► Reforms ► Comparison

References ► ► ► ► ► ► ► Anderson, G.F. (1998). Multinational Comparisons of HC Dickman, P.W., Interpreting trends in cancer patient survival Gladwell, Malcolm. OCED Health Data The Moral Hazard Myth Kraus, Clifford. As Canada’s Slow- motion Public Health System Falters Stuart, P. Britain: Opposition grows to labor’s plans to sell of NHS.

World Heath Organization: Core Health Indicators