Transcript 投影片 1 - Weebly

LIFE AFTER DEATH? – THE LATIN
LANGUAGE IN THE MODERN WORLD
Domini dominaeque, in principio
Universitati Sinensi et praecipue doctori
patri Ludovico Ha maximas gratias ago
quod mihi cum Centro a studiis Catholicis
laborandi atque coram vos hodie loquendi
facultatem dederunt. Nunc videamus
initium programmatis Latinae nuper a
quadam statione televisifica Germanica
emissam.
Lingua Latina mortua est, vivat lingua Latina! Salvete,
domini dominaeque. Benigne vos excipimus, qui
transmittamus relationem temporis culturae televisificam
singularem - totam Latine versam, quod non dubie iam
intellexistis. De mortuis nihil nisi bene. Estne Latinitas re
vera mortua? Audeamus et experiamur proferre
communem relationem televisificam Latine versam.
Lingua Latina ibi inveniri potest, ubi nemo hanc esse
suspicetur. Exempli gratia medio in ventre Angelinae Jolie
notis Latinis compunctum est: "Quod me nutrit, me
destruit." Quae res ratione carere videtur, sed haeret in
mente, quod spectaculis maximi momenti est.
(opening lines of the special Latin edition of the arts
magazine programme `Kulturzeit’, broadcast by the
German channel Sat3 in August 2008)
Shakespeare, HENRY VIII Act III, Scene I,
ll.46-57
CARDINAL WOLSEY
Tanta est erga te mentis integritas, regina
serenissima,-QUEEN KATHARINE
O, good my lord, no Latin;
I am not such a truant since my coming,
As not to know the language I have lived in:
A strange tongue makes my cause more strange,
suspicious;
Pray, speak in English: here are some will thank you,
If you speak truth, for their poor mistress' sake;
Believe me, she has had much wrong: lord cardinal,
The willing'st sin I ever yet committed
May be absolved in English.
Grace O’Malley, the Irish buccaneer, and Queen
Elizabeth of England used Latin at their meeting
The queen scolds a diplomat
O quam decepta fui, expectavi legationem mihi
vere querelam adduxisti.....nunquam in vita mea
audivi talem orationem. Miror sane, miror tantam,
et tam insolentem in publico audaciam, neque
possum credere si rex tuus adesset quod ipse
talia verba protulisset……….
Queen Elizabeth I of England to the Polish
ambassador, 1597
The Decline in the Written Use of Latin in
major European countries
• 1539 : France ends official use of Latin
• 1570s: French overtakes Latin as main language for
publication in France.
• 1680s: Latin predominance in German publishing ends
• 1687: Newton’s Principia Mathematica the last first-rank
scientific publication (excluding botany) in Latin
(Newton’s Opticks was published in 1704 in English)
• 1714: First international treaty in French (France and the
Holy Roman Empire)
• 1733: Britain ends use of Latin for records of births,
deaths etc.
• 1756: Last major treaty in Latin (Denmark and the
Ottoman Empire)
Who killed Latin?
`The Latin language was put in its grave by humanism’
Eduard Norden (1878: 773)
Utinam pestifera illa `Renascentia’ quam Humanistae efficerunt non
destruxerit (dum erigere eam se jactabant) Latinam: adhuc
possemus toti Europae scribere.
C.S.Lewis to Don Giovanni Calabria,
20/9/1947
`To the extent that [humanism] had any effect, it may actually have
been to accelerate the trend towards the abandonment of Latin and
the shift to the national languages’
Tore Janson (2004: 148)
Re autem vera tantum afuit ut humanistae
Latinitati exitio fuerint, ut paene exploratum
habere possimus propter ipsa humanistarum
studia linguam Latinam multo diutius
viguisse. Huius rei documenta cum multis e
fontibus elucent, tum praecipue in libro
inveniuntur optimo, quem his novissimis annis
composuit Iosephus IJsewijn, professor
Lovanienis
Terentius Tunberg, `Quid Latinitas sit Moderna?’ ‘
Nuntii Latini Forum (8/3/08)
http://chat.yle.fi/latini/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=565
• Scitisne fuisse in I Re Publica Polonia (XVI
- XVII saeculum) proverbium: "Eques
Polonus sum, Latine loquor"? Omnes
nobiles potuerunt Latine loqui. Legi id in
Polonia possibile fuisse nesciens aliam
linguam praeter Latinam cum multis
hominibus colloquere. Circa 15% populi
Poloni, praecipue nobiles naturaliter,
potuerunt Latine tam bene loqui!
From Burke (2004), p.46-47
• Daniel Defoe expressed his surprise that `a man who
can speak Latin may travel from one end of Poland to
the other as familiarly as if he was born in the country.
Bless us! What would a gentleman do that was to travel
through England and could speak nothing but Latin.’
• `peasants and shepherds’ [in Hungary] `speak Latin
more thoroughly than many priests do elsewhere’
»
Claim by a Flemish monk, 1633
• In Hungary `coachmen, watermen and mean persons’
could make themselves understood in Latin’
Edward Browne 1668
A language with class?
quaerite an…. dixerit e cohorte illa dumtaxat
antiquiore vel oratorum aliquis vel poetarum,
id est classicus adsiduusque scriptor, non
proletarianus
M.Cornelius Fronto (2nd. Cent. A.D.)
A gentleman need not know Latin, but he
should at least have forgotten it.
Brander Matthews (1852-1929)
Augustine, Confessiones I, XIV, 23:
Latin learned natively v. Greek via grammar
• sine ullo metu atque cruciatu, inter etiam
blandimenta nutricum et ioca arridentium et
laetitias alludentium
• Videlicet difficultas omnino ediscendae linguae
peregrinae quasi felle aspergebat omnes
suavitates graecas fabulosarum narrationum.
Nulla enim verba illa noveram, et saevis
terroribus ac poenis, ut nossem, instabatur mihi
vehementer
Das Colloquium gibt die Möglichkeit, zur
lateinischen Sprache einen unmittelbaren
Zugang zu gewinnen: Statt Texte der Römer
„herauf herab und quer und
krumm“ zusammenzubuchstabieren, versuchen
wir, gesprochenes Latein so direkt zu erleben
und zu verstehen, wie dies bei native speakers
gewesen sein muss.
Wilfried Stroh, http://www.klassphil.unimuenchen.de/%7Estroh/main2.htm
W.H.D.ROUSE 1863-1950
Victorius Ciarrocchi, the most active member
of Grex Latine Loquentium
Father Reginald Foster, Vatican Latinist
ATM – Vatican style
Terentius Tunberg –director of the Univeristy of
Kentucky’s Institute of Classical Studies
FR. CAELESTIS EICHENSEER(1924 – 2008),
FOUNDER-EDITOR OF VOX LATINA
Hans Orberg (1920 -2010), author of Lingua Latina
per se Illustrata
Luigi Miraglia, direct method advocate and
president of the Academia Vivarium Novum
Evan Millner, designer of the Latin podcast
programme
• Magister (entering). Salvete. (No answer ; or not improbably, someone
repeats)
Boy. Salvete.
M. Non : tu dic Salve (pointing to him), Salve. Salvete.
B. Salve.
M. (offering chalk). Scribe, salve, salvete. (Points to board. Boy writes.) (So
at the end of the lesson, Valete, vale.)
M. (calling in a colleague, or elder boy, who is in waiting: they seat
themselves side by side; then they rise). Surgimus. (They sit down.)
Considimus. (Beckoning to the boys, and clapping his hands at each word of
the Series.) Universi! Surgimus, Considimus. (They repeat words and acts
several times; then the master beckons to another boy) Scribe `surgimus’
(he writes), Considimus(he writes).
M. and Colleague. Surgimus, eximus, inimus, considimus. (They move
away from the chair, and back as they say the new words: always word and
act go together. Class drill.)
M. and C. Surgimus, eximus ,ambulamus(they walk a few steps)
revenimus,inimus, considimus,sedemus. (The words are written as before,
first one by one, then the whole series of seven.)
M. Nunc " aspicite caudam " (points). Quae est cauda ? (After a while, or at
once, someone will answer) ?
B. -mus.
M. Quid valet -mus Anglice ? (He may have to ask this in English, but the
answer must be got somehow.)
B. We
•
From Rouse & Appleton, Latin on the Direct Method (1925)
Dialogue from Adler’s A Practical Grammar of the Latin Language
(1858)
Recording available from www.mylatinpodcast.com
Have you good sugar?
Yes, sir, I have good sugar
Have you the good ribbon?
I have the fine ribbon.
Which hat have you?
I have my ugly hat.
Which ribbon have you?
I have your fine ribbon.
Éstne tíbi sáccharum bónum?
Sánē, dómine, ést míhi
sáccharum bónum
Habēsne taéniam púlchram?
Hábeo taéníam púlchram?
Quí est tíbi píleus? }
Quem píleum habes}
Píleum túrpem méum habeo.
Quae est tíbi taénia?
Quam hábēs taéniam?
Taéniam túam púlchram hábeo.
John C. Traupman, Conversational Latin for Oral Proficiency, p.15
• A:
• B:
• A:
• B:
• A:
• B:
• A:
• B:
• A:
Salvē! Quid est nōmen tibi?
Hello!
What’s your name?
Salvē et tū. Mihi nōmen est _______. Quid est nōmen tibi?
Hello!
My name’s ________ What’s your name?
Nōmen mihi est _______. Quid agis?
My name’s ________ How are you?
Valeō, grātiās. Quid agis tū:?
I’m fine, thanks. How are you?
Valeō. Hui, tē nōvi: Nōnne in proximō vīcō habitās?
I’m fine. Hey, I know you. Don’t you live in the next street?
Etiam, habitō
Yes, I do.
Quid novī ibi?
What’s new there?
Nihil novī. Valē, _____
Nothing new. Bye, ______
Valē, _____
Bye, _______
Epistula die 8 Novembri mensis ad
Gregem Latine Loquentium missa
Omnibus sodalibus p. s. d.
Valde electione Obamae Civitatum foederatarum Americae Septentrionalis
praesidis, amici, gaudeo.
Senex non inscius de publicis rebus cuiuslibet fere loci temporisque,
aetates aureas venturas nondum spero, neque principes thaumaturgos atque
evergetas adhuc expecto. Christianus, unum esse Redemptorem humani
generis (sed tantum quod attinet ad salutem aeternam animarum) credo. Tamen
aliquid melius factum iri puto, Obama praelato, in publicis rebus regendis, tam
in Foederatis Civitatibus quam pro ceteris nationibus. Pacem restauraturum
atque servaturum Obamam spero, plebem adiuturum, liberalia studia
aucturum. Alios populos exemplum Americanorum imitaturos spero, quos
scurras quosdam, potius quam praesides, de potestate, qua indigne potiti
sunt, eiecturos expecto.
Valete omnes.
Caesar Santucci
CIRCULUS LATINUS LONDINIENSIS
http://members.lycos.co.uk/avitus2002/CLL.html
Circulus Latinus Londiniensis unus est e plurimis Circulis
Latinis totius orbis terrarum qui statutis temporibus
homines omne genus congregant qui Latine loqui student...
Sicut plurimi alii Circuli Latini, malumus convenire in locum
qui foveat convivalem aditum ad humanitatem cujus omnes
possint participare, nempe in domum publicam —sic enim
appellant Angli tabernas— primo, si licet, cujusque mensis
Jovis die. Magna jucunditate omnibus de rebus Latine loqui
solemus quas animum nostrum alliciunt, dum cervesiæ
sextarios —ut fit apud Britannos— bibimus vel cenamus.
Sæpe etiam cum prope assidentibus sermones conserimus
qui mirantur quanam lingua tam alacriter loquamur.