Transcript Standby Power... Beware the Phantom Menace

Standby Power…
The Phantom Menace
Nathalie Péloquin, ing.
Senior Standards Engineer
Isabelle Saint-Laurent
Account Mgr, Industrial Sector
Office of Energy Efficiency
Toronto, May 4 – 5, 2006
Table of contents
 Standby Power
• Definition
• Trends
• Scope – Residential and Commercial
 Addressing The Issue
• What is being done now
• Strategies for the future
 Next Steps
 Contact Info
 Roundtable Discussion
2
What is Standby Power?
 The energy used by equipment while it is turned
“off” – i.e. not being used or not performing its
primary function.
• Used to power a built-in clock,
respond to programming or
to remote commands.
• External energy supplies
(“battery packs”) consume
power the moment they are
plugged into an outlet.
A.K.A. …vampire loads… phantom loads… leaking electricity…
waiting electricity… free-running power… off-mode power…
3
Standby operating modes
Mode
Function
Leaking Electricity
off
no function at all
 transformer losses
 battery overcharging
 poor design ("internal" on)
passive standby
not performing principal
function
 ready to be switched on
 ready to receive information
 additional function
 support function
active standby
on
principal function
not leaking
Unplugged
Source: Lawrence Berkley National Laboratories
4
Standby Power is found all
around the house
…and more
5
Standby
A growing concern
1970
1980
1990
2000
Source: Benoit Lebot, International Energy Agency (IEA)
6
2010
How big is the problem?
A very conservative estimate averages 50W per household, roughly
equivalent to leaving a 40W light bulb on all the time.
MW used in residential standby in Canada:
600
Amount of MW used under a one-watt scenario:
157
Equivalent # of households taken off the grid in a year:
431,187
46
63
21
8
15
3
123
15
17
5
6
178
58
Based on 2004 figures
7
2
41
11
4
1
14
5
Trends – Residential
2000
1500
Best Case Scenario:
if all products were to
operate at One-Watt
Standby
1000
500
227 MW -Capacity of a coal fired power plant
0
20
01
20
03
20
05
20
07
20
09
20
11
20
13
20
15
20
17
20
19
Required Capacity (MW)
Standby Consumption Scenarios:
Business As Usual versus One-Watt
BAU
One-Watt
Source: Standby Power – Status and Trends in Canada, A. Zyzniewski, NRCan 2004.
8
Potential Savings:
1,110 MW,
2.4 Mt
Commercial Standby Power
 Current data on standby in the Commercial
Sector is more limited
 Definition of standby power and low-power
modes is less clear-cut
• Addresses plug load
• What about the many other devices that draw
standby in commercial buildings?
– Elevators,
– Exit signs,
– Emergency lighting, and
– HVAC equipment
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Research overview
Country
Switzerland
Researcher
Menti
Switzerland
Menti
Belgium
DeGroote
Japan
Nakagami
Australia
Australian
Greenhouse
Office
Year Finding
1999 < 10% of total electricity
consumption
1999 36% of total electricity
consumption at night
(between 20:00 and
6:00) and on w/e
Method
Theoretical investigation
2001 10–15 kWh/m2 of office
space
2001 2 W/m2 (17.5 kWh/m2)
or 10% of total
electricity use
2005 Total standby energy
was between 4% and
8% of total electricity
consumption
Studied five office buildings in
Belgium
Team monitored one 9,400m2
commercial building
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Actual measurements of 32
building appliances
Study involved 15 councils, 57
premises and 8,691 items of
equipment.
Focused on a total of 52 types
of plug-in, electronic office
equipment
Estimates of C/I Standby Use
 Scenario 1: 10% of electricity is used by standby
• 47.36 PJ
• 1,500 MW
• 1,461,728 households
 Scenario 2: 15 kWh/m2 is used in standby
• 547.8 million m2 of office space in Canada (2003)
• 938 MW
• 913,000 households
 Even a simple reduction of 10% in standby
power use would be equivalent to removing
~100,000 households from the grid…
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Computers...
a big part of plug load
 Findings of a study of plug load in local
government buildings done in Australia in ‘04-’05
 Standby power consumption is
Contributions to total standby energy consumption
decreasing, with the
exception of
desktop computers
 Equipment types were
found to have relatively
high enablement rates,
except for computers.
Computer
49%
Monitor
28%
Source: Australian Greenhouse Office Study, 2005
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ENERGY STAR®
Computer Power Mgt (CPM)
 98% of computers are shipped with ENERGY STAR
CPM, but < 10% are enabled*.
kW saved if 50% of computers enabled CPM:
70,520
Equivalent # of households taken off the grid in a year: 68,639
8,862
8,625
1,459
6,681
2,038
6,503
1,984
2,038
1,984
1,420
29,749
28,956
16,033
15,606
282
275
1,476
1,437
1,901
1,851
* Source: Lawrence Berkley National Laboratories
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Initiative for energy
efficient PCs
 Targets the internal power supplies of desktop
computers and desktop-derived servers
– 80% or greater efficiency at
20%, 50% and 100% of rated load
– True power factor of 0.9 or greater
 Offers utilities an opportunity to secure energy
and peak savings in the Commercial /
Institutional sector
 Creates early market traction for the
upcoming ENERGY STAR®
specification revision.
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Initiative Overview
Utilities
Provide financial incentives
Comm / Inst Buyers
Provide energy savings
Manufacturers
Provide energy-efficient
products
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Potential
 Savings of 700 to 2,435 kWh per unit, over the
lifetime of a desktop computer or server.
 Low acquisition cost
• 1.3¢ per kWh (TRC) 60
50
• 1.9 ¢ per kWh (UCT)
50
40
30
20
21
17
7
10
0
2006
GW-h/y saved
Source: Assessment of the Canadian PC Market, Dunsky Energy Consulting, 2006
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2007
GHG reductions
(Kt CO2e)
Current Canadian activities
 The ENERGY STAR® Initiative:
• Development and maintenance of criteria
• Promotion of symbol to increase awareness
• Inclusion of ENERGY STAR in Federal Green Procurement
Policies
 Technical
• Preliminary analysis of Canadian situation (NRCan)
• Technical Committees consider standby as existing
standards are revised and new ones developed
– Standby is addressed on an equipment specific basis by
stakeholders (e.g. manufacturers, industry groups, etc.)
• Update regulations where appropriate.
 Programs
• Such as support of 80 PLUS initiative in Canada
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ENERGY STAR®: part of a
Standby strategy
 Standby power consumption addressed in
consumer electronics;
• Tiered levels and continual criteria revisions
ensure tightened levels.
– TV,DVD,VCR, Combo, Audio products, cordless
phone, Battery Charging system, External Power
supplies
 Develop strategic initiatives to encourage use
of low-power and sleep modes.
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, 1999
Measurements of
standby power for
appliances in a typical
US home*
1
July 1 ‘03
1
July 1 ‘03
1
July 1 ‘03
1
Jan 1 ‘03
Jan 1 ‘06
Jan 1 ‘06
Jan 1 ‘06
ENERGY STAR
maximum standby
power specification
2
International Energy
Agency’s
One-Watt Initiative
 1-2
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* Source: Alan Meier, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBL)
Jul 1 ‘07
Mar 1 ‘07
2
July 1 ‘06
2
July 1 ‘06
1
July 1 ‘05
1
July 1 ‘05
1
July 1 ‘05
Next steps
 Need for better understanding of scope of issue
in Canada
• Studies to supplement current info on residential
• Studies to bring sound info on commercial
 Assemble a committee of stakeholders willing to
tackle the issue
 Develop and implement a strong Canadian
policy
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Roundtable discussion
Chair: Julia McNally
Manager of Planning,
Coordinating and Reporting
Ontario Power Authority
21
Discussion topic
Can Canada reach a goal of
1 watt (or less)
by 2010?
1W
22
How could this be achieved?
 Establish evaluation criteria and track results.
 Establish Canadian consumer electronics database.
 Work with industry groups to gather shipment data of
equipment including share of ENERGY STAR (standby).
 Examine the potential of voluntary targets with industry.
 Implement low-standby within the green procurement
policy of the Federal Government and challenge the
industry to follow suit.
 Adopt standby loss in Regulations.
• Adopt current ENERGY STAR MEPS or past tier levels
 Others…
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Backup Slides
International Activities
 International Energy Agency (IEA)
One-Watt Stand-by Power Initiative
 Various Standby Initiatives:
• European Union, the United Kingdom, United
States, and Japan
 Government Procurement Policies:
• Australia, United States (FEMP) and European
Union
 Australia has formally adopted a “one-watt plan”
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International Activities
Jurisdiction
Activity
Australia
 Home electronics under ENERGY STAR
 Energy Rating Label scheme for white goods
 Negotiated voluntary standby goals in industry – which could
potentially become mandatory
United States
 Energy Star levels for standby consumption, which have lowered
in given time periods. Many products labeled as ENERGY STAR
as of 2003 will have One-Watt standby consumption.
 CEC has adopted standards to limit standby losses for external
power supplies and for consumer audio and video equipment.
Range of standby loss requirements are from less than .5 Watts for
external power supplies to 4 Watts for compact audio projects.
Most standards take effect on January 1, 2006 or January 1, 2007
European Union
 Agreement with audio manufacturers association to reduce
standby to One-Watt by 2007.
 Code of conduct agreements with industry for digital set-top boxes
and external power supplies.
 ENERGY STAR program adopted for office equipment.
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US Power Management
Campaign Material
Mouse Pad
Poster
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Tent Card
Desktop leave behind
80 PLUS Potential
 Savings range from $20 to $68 over the lifetime
of the computer.
• Conservative estimate on the low end as most
business PCs do not get turned off or go to
standby at night.
PC
Server
Computer
quantity
ea
1
1
Operating
hours *
hrs
2250
8760
Energy
Energy
savings per savings per Total energy
computer
computer
savings per
due to
due to
year based Energy costs
Power
increase in reduction in
on hours
savings per
6 year
Standard
80 PLUS
savings per efficiency per harmonics shown in col. computer per energy cost
power supply power supply computer
year
per year**
C
year
savings
kW
kW
kW
kWh
kWh
kWh
$
$
0.08
0.0647
0.015
34.4
7.8
42
3.38
20.27
0.08
0.0647
0.015
134.0
7.8
142
11.35
68.08
* Assumes that PCs are turned on 8hrs/day, off during non-work hours, and servers are on 24/7.
** The reduction in losses due to reduced or eliminated harmonic currents is estimated to be 4%.
*** Assuming an average cost of $0.08/kWh - but NO demand charge
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