CSP in Spain

Cayetano López CIEMAT Director General December 2011

The elements of change in the energy paradigm The serious drawbacks of the existing energy supply scheme Imply a change whose main vector is:

Reduce the carbon content of the primary energy sources

Energy saving and efficiency increase Less fossil fuels

More renewables

More (at least keep) nuclear (Fukushima accident?, Gen IV?) Possible clean use of coal (CO2 capture and sequestration) Fusion (not available in the short term) None of these alternatives are free of problems. To implement them, a big effort in technology development and political support is necessary.

Electricity Generation in Spain, 2010 Biomass & Waste, 3 % Solar, 3 % Coal, 8 % Hydro, 14 % Nuclear, 20 % Wind, 15 % Oil products, 5 %

Renewables: 35 %

Natural Gas, 32 %

Renewables in the Spain energy supply Renewables in 2010: 11,3% in Primary Energy 13,2 % in Final Energy 35 % in Electricity 5 % biofuels CO2 emissions by unit of electricity produced

The solar resource In good conditions, the daily averaged incoming solar flux is around 220 – 250 W / m2 which, integrated, gives a yearly primary energy of around 2000 – 2200 kWh / m2. This is equivalent to a “rain” of about 20 cm of oil per annum and m2. 1,2 barrel/(year x m2) Solar energy is plentiful but diffuse

CSP prospects in Spain, 2009

With Spain at the Epicenter, Global Concentrated Solar Power Industry to Reach 25 GW by 2020 Cambridge, Massachusetts, 28 April 2009 -

Led by development in Spain and potential in the US, concentrated solar power markets are entering a new growth phase, amidst a tumultuous global economic landscape. The CSP industry is scaling rapidly with 1.2 GW under construction as of April 2009 and another 13.9 GW announced globally through 2014, according to a new study from Emerging Energy Research analyzing global CSP markets and strategies.

Spain is the epicenter of CSP development with 22 projects for 1,037 MW under construction, all of which are projected to come online by the end of 2010. Despite only 75 MW of CSP under construction, the US continues to offer significant opportunity for CSP, with 8.5 GW in the pipeline and scheduled for installation by 2014. Attracted to promised lower costs, US utilities have turned to CSP -- through both Power Purchase Agreements and direct ownership -- to meet their Renewable Portfolio Standard mandates.

CSP in the world (July 2011)

CSP in Spain (October, 2011) 902 MW, 22 plants 2.600 GWh/y 2.500 MW foreseen at the end of 2013

Andasol, 2 x 50MWe

Andasol 1: Power Block and Storage 2 tanks: Ø = 36 m; h = 14 m 28.500 tm of molten salts 7,5 h storage at 50 MW

CSP and dispatchability

Matching the utility system load profile Source: Abengoa Solar, 2009

PS-10 PS-20

Heliostats: 624 x 121 m2 1255 x 121 “ Tower Height: 120 m 160 m Power: 11 MWe 20 MWe

Solúcar PS-10, PS-20

Central Receiver: Gemasolar Power: 20 MWe. Storage: 15h at full power

Novatec/Biosol Fresnel, 1,4 MW

Conditions for the RES deployment Politics Legislation, Incentives Subsidies, etc.

R + D Technology Centers, Universities, etc.

Industry Entrepreneurship, Venture capital, etc.

Solar Platform in Almeria (PSA) 10 1 1 9

1.- Central Receiver 2.- Parabolic troughs 3.- Direct Steam Generation 4.- Stirling Dishes 5.- Solar Furnace

4 5 8

6.- Water Detoxification 7.- Water Desalination 8.- Energetic Efficiency in Buildings 9.- Fresnel Collectors 10.- Advanced Technologies: gas/molten salts

3 6 8 7 2 1 The Plataforma Solar de Almería is the world most complete experimental installation in concentration solar energy

DSG: An important simplification Aceite a 390 ºC Vapor a 104 bar/371 ºC

Sobrecalentador Turbina de vapor Campo de colectores Solares

Condensador

Generador de vapor .

Caldera auxiliar Aceite a 295 ºC Desgasificador Recalentador Dep. expansión aceite HTF Plant (present) DSG Plant (future) Vapor a 104 bar/400 ºC

Turbina de vapor Caldera auxiliar Condensador Desgasificador

Agua a 114 bar / 120 ºC

A technological breakthrough: Direct Steam Generation Environment friendly Cost reduction (20 %) Máx. temperature and pressure: 400 ºC and 120 bar.

11 troughs. Opening: 5.76 m; total length: 550 m; Power: 1.8 MW t 3 Mwe prototype in order to check this technology (CIEMAT, Iberdrola, IDAE, AGECAM, Navarro-Piquer) Hopefully completed in 2012-2013

Central Receiver Molten Salt Receiver installed at CESA-1 Pressurized Air Receiver (SOLGATE) installed at CESA 1

Environmental Applications - Detoxification plant for pesticide polluted waters in the Almeria greenhouse fields. In operation since June 2004 (ALBAIDA) - CONSOLIDER Project: TRAGUA (Solar Energy for water treatment) - AQUACAT: Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco - VII FP projects: SOLWATERGY (Integration of CSP and Desalination at the Mediterranean Area), Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Egypt, Algeria

Hydro Solar PV CSP Wind Other * Total Renewables 2011-2010 2010 2015 2020

13,23 (31.600) 13,55 (31.400) 13,86 (32.800) 3,79 (6.300) 0,63 (700) 5,42 (9.100) 3,00 (8.300) 7,25 (12.400) 4,80 (14.400) 20,74 (42.300) 27,85 (55.500) 35,00 (70.700) 0,82 (4.200) 1,18 (7.100) 2,85 (14.500) 39,2 (85.100) 51,0 (111.400) 63,8 (144.800)

(*) Biomass, Waste. Off-shore, etc

Units: GW (GWh)

Over-cost derived from the subsidies to RES

Other financial data RES 2011-2020

Export – Import = 1.400 M€ (2015) to 1.900 M€ (2020) Avoided emissions 2011-2020 = 171 Mt CO2 Jobs related to RES in 2020 = 303.000

Thank you !!!

MENA-Europe Complementarity

The Desertec and the Mediterranean Solar Projects

Renewable Energies Problem 1: High Cost Possible solutions: Increasing size of the plants Advances in R + D Improvements in component manufacture Series production (market expansion) Experience in O & M Problem 2: Intermitency Possible solutions: Hybridation Energy storage (electricity, heat, H 2 )