Transcript Slide 1
Eco housing in India
the context, issues and
strategies
UNEP Regional Expert Group Meeting on Eco houses/cities
Mili Majumdar
Fellow and Area Convenor
Centre for Research on Sustainable Building Sciences
TERI, New Delhi
21-23 March,2005
Preview
• Resource concerns globally and in
India
• Ongoing initiative in incorporating
energy and resource efficiency in
housing sector
• Macro level- Eco housing initiative at city
level (Pune)
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Ecological footprint-to measure
people’s natural resource consumption
• Humanity’s ecological
footprint grew by
about 160% from
1961-2001
• Ecological footprint in
2001 was about 2.2
global hectare per
person
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Water footprints
• Global water use
doubled between
1961-2001,domestic
use grew by more than
four fold
• High income countries
used about 1000 cu m
water per person,
twice as much as
middle and low income
countries, on average.
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Living planet report 2004 ,wwf
Current and future scenario in
energy use in residential sector
• Biomass and waste represent 85% of
energy demand in residential sector
• Biomass and waste would be
increasingly displaced by coal and oil.
• Electricity’s share in residential
consumption will reach 15% in
2030,reflecting an increase in
electrification from 44% of population
in 2002 to 68% in 2030.
Source:
World energy outlook 2004, International energy agency
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Annual electricity consumption in
India-sectoral break up
All India Energy sales (utilities only) in 2002/03
Water works and
sewage pumping
2%
Agriculture
25%
Railways/
tramways
3%
Public lighting
1%
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Miscellaneous
3%
Domestic
25%
Commercial
7%
Industrial
34%
Water
a study in Class I cities of a few Indian
states show that 56-68% of these cities
receive less that 100 lpcd of water
Other environmental concerns
• Air and water pollution
• Depleting green cover
• Health risks
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Challenges
• Creation of suitable policy environment at
national and regional level
• Identification of suitable technological
options.
• Awareness/capacity building of
stakeholders
• Incentives /financing
• Access to markets for efficient products
• Commercial viability
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Policy framework
• Ministry of Power has set up a Bureau of Energy
Efficiency to develop energy codes for buildings
(currently codes for commercial buildings under
development)
• Ministry of Environment and forests mandates
environmental clearance for large construction
projects
• Ministry of Non conventional energy sources
provides incentives to projects using renewable
forms of energy
• “Power for all” by 2012: Rural electrification is
the priority of the government
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Eco-housing initiative in Pune
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Eco housing initiative in Pune
A project undertaken in partnership with
USAEP (with seed funding for specific
activities), Pune Municipal Corporation
(local government body) , NGOs, research
organisations, finance bodies and builders
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Pune: Fast
growing city
Residential area
of 147 sq. km
Earlier a low
rise, low density
city being
transformed into
high rise high
density city
PUNE
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Increasing
energy, water
demand and
increased
generation of
waste
WHAT IS ECO HOUSING ?
E: Environment Friendly
C: Conservation of
Resources (energy,water)
O: Optimize the Cost of
Urban Living
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OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
To popularize and facilitate the creation of
Energy efficient , eco friendly residential
housing and develop and promote
models of urban community.
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The objectives will be achieved by
• Creating an enabling environment for EcoHousing through strategic stakeholder
partnerships on the supply and demand
side of the housing and finance market
• Capturing the benefits of Eco-Housing
designs and financial mechanisms by
integration into a demonstration project,
and
• A time-bound scale-up and mainstreaming
plan with adequate financial institutional
support.
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PROGRAM RATIONALE
Increasing benefits with engagement of expanding value chain
40 % savings in energy use
for water pumping
Global Environment
Region/State
City
Municipality/Utility
Savings in water consumption: 960
MLD to 550 MLD for a Class “B” city
in India
Scale up
Community
Neighborhood
Savings in water consumption:
600 lpcpd to 300 lpcpd per family
House
Accrued Benefits
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Increasing Accrued Benefits of Eco-Housing
PARTNERSHIP
Builders
Research Inst.
Environmental
firms
Municipal
Corporations
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Architects
Financial
Institutes
Other donor
organization
NGOs
(ALM)
Activities
The main activities of this initiative in the first year
are
• Formulation of technical criteria for
development of eco houses.
• Support the formation of financing packages
• Showcase a model Eco-Housing residential
sector project.
The subsequent objectives of this initiative is to
develop a long term plan for partnering with
other organizations, to build capacity of
architects and developers so as to support
entrepreneurship in Eco-Housing.
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Key interventions to address the
challenges
• Engagement of Stakeholders
• Development of Eco-Housing
Performance Assessment Tools
• Effecting Policy Changes
• Fiscal and Financial Incentives
• Developing a Sustainable Institutional
Mechanism
• Demonstration Projects
• Training and Capacity Building
Promotion
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Actions so far
• Local municipal body has opened an eco housing cell
within its structure to facilitate eco-housing
– Local body is already taking initiative to mandate the
following:
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Rain water harvesting
Use of recycled water for space cooling
Waste water treatment plant for large colonies
Specified green areas
Solar water heating system for housing colonies
• Technical criteria for development of eco housing has
been drafted
• Website set up for information dissemination
• Study tours to international eco housing projects have
been undertaken.
• Awards for eco buildings/industries/ housing/
organisations promoting eco projects have been
instituted through local private bodies.
• Partners and roles in main streaming eco housing have
been formalised.
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Focus areas in development of
technical criteria
Site selection and impact on biodiversity
Environmental Architecture
Eco friendly construction practices and material
Water conservation, recycle and reuse, rain water
harvesting
Decentralized sewage treatment, recycle and
reuse.
Solid waste management best practices and
technology adopted to achieve zero garbage
Utilization of renewable and energy efficient
technology
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Some highlights of the Technical
criteria
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Site planning
• Appropriate site selection
• Preservation and protection of soil,
plant cover , water table
• Provision for basic amenities on site
• Appropriate storm water
management, erosion control
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Energy
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• Lighting energy
efficiency can
bring about
20% energy
savings over
conventional
systems
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• Solar water
heating
system would
meet 91% of
water heating
demand
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Energy efficiency at site level
• Energy efficient site lighting
• Solar lighting
• Appropriate planning of services to
reduce pumping energy e g gravity
sewer
• Reduce transportation lengths to
reduce vehicular movements
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Orientation for solar access/shading to avoid direct
radiataion
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Shading analysis to determine window shading
• Daylight integration by appropriate design
to cut down on lighting requirements in
houses
• Embodied energy content to be reduced
by using industrial waste as construction
material, using recyclable products, using
wood substitutes and rapidly renewable
materials
• Resource recovery from waste
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Water
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Water consumption
Reduction in per capita water consumption
by 25 % as compared to BIS standards of
135 l
• Use of low flow fixtures and avoiding wastage
and losses
• Promote use of WC with dual flush system with a
flow rate of 3 l and 6 l per flush
• Faucets and aerators to be used for maintaining a
flow rate of 2 lpm
• Encourage installation of water meters and
regular monitoring of usage
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Water efficient fixtures
30-40% water savings
Low Volume Flushing Cistern 6-7 liters /flush
Sensor based Flushing
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Pressure Regulating Valve
Sensor based Wash Basin
Taps
Efficient water use for gardening
• Practice efficient watering and fixed time schedules
• Irrigate in the coolest part of the day (early mornings and
evenings) to avoid evaporation loss and wind drift.
• Reduce the frequency of irrigation during winter
• Plan a water efficient landscape which is
– A mix of native shrubs and trees that require no
watering after establishment, and reduced lawn areas.
– Group the plants based on their water needs to minimize
water loss
• Use efficient irrigation fixtures such as
– Drip irrigation for shrubs, vegetables, ornamentals but
not for grasses and groundcover.
– An autoirrigation system with programmed time
schedule, rain shut off device and soil moisture sensor to
avoid overwatering
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Water harvesting
• Achieve optimum mix to recharge and
storage
• Reuse
• Prevention of aquifer contamination
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Solid waste management
• Segregation at household level
• Decentralised system or recycling centre
for disposal of the waste with resource
recovery for every 500 households
• Identification of licensed agents for
recyclable materials
• Common composting or biomethanation
plant for manure and biogas production
• Identification of utilisation of compost and
fuel
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Other criteria
• To control air pollution due to
construction
• Health of construction workers
• Handicap access
• Mixed income group housing
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Longer term Sustainability Of The
Project
Formation of ECO-HOUSING Entrepreneur
cell to work towards achieving the
objectives.
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Road map to success
• Development of Eco-Housing
Performance Assessment Tools
• Pune municipal corporation to
mandate certain criteria
• Evolve a financially viable model
• Developing a Sustainable Institutional
Mechanism
• Demonstration Projects
• Training and Capacity Building
Promotion
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In conclusion……..
Eco housing solutions are economically
viable with minimal environmental
footprint which can bring about 30-50%
energy savings ,30-40% water savings
with reduction in…...
•demand on the fossil fuels
•emissions
•pressure on natural resources e.g water.
•waste generation
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Thank you
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