Transcript Slide 1

Eco housing in India
the context, issues and
strategies
UNEP Regional Expert Group Meeting on Eco houses/cities
Mili Majumdar
Fellow and Area Convenor
Centre for Research on Sustainable Building Sciences
TERI, New Delhi
21-23 March,2005
Preview
• Resource concerns globally and in
India
• Ongoing initiative in incorporating
energy and resource efficiency in
housing sector
• Macro level- Eco housing initiative at city
level (Pune)
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Ecological footprint-to measure
people’s natural resource consumption
• Humanity’s ecological
footprint grew by
about 160% from
1961-2001
• Ecological footprint in
2001 was about 2.2
global hectare per
person
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Water footprints
• Global water use
doubled between
1961-2001,domestic
use grew by more than
four fold
• High income countries
used about 1000 cu m
water per person,
twice as much as
middle and low income
countries, on average.
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Living planet report 2004 ,wwf
Current and future scenario in
energy use in residential sector
• Biomass and waste represent 85% of
energy demand in residential sector
• Biomass and waste would be
increasingly displaced by coal and oil.
• Electricity’s share in residential
consumption will reach 15% in
2030,reflecting an increase in
electrification from 44% of population
in 2002 to 68% in 2030.
Source:
World energy outlook 2004, International energy agency
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Annual electricity consumption in
India-sectoral break up
All India Energy sales (utilities only) in 2002/03
Water works and
sewage pumping
2%
Agriculture
25%
Railways/
tramways
3%
Public lighting
1%
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Miscellaneous
3%
Domestic
25%
Commercial
7%
Industrial
34%
Water
a study in Class I cities of a few Indian
states show that 56-68% of these cities
receive less that 100 lpcd of water
Other environmental concerns
• Air and water pollution
• Depleting green cover
• Health risks
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Challenges
• Creation of suitable policy environment at
national and regional level
• Identification of suitable technological
options.
• Awareness/capacity building of
stakeholders
• Incentives /financing
• Access to markets for efficient products
• Commercial viability
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Policy framework
• Ministry of Power has set up a Bureau of Energy
Efficiency to develop energy codes for buildings
(currently codes for commercial buildings under
development)
• Ministry of Environment and forests mandates
environmental clearance for large construction
projects
• Ministry of Non conventional energy sources
provides incentives to projects using renewable
forms of energy
• “Power for all” by 2012: Rural electrification is
the priority of the government
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Eco-housing initiative in Pune
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Eco housing initiative in Pune
A project undertaken in partnership with
USAEP (with seed funding for specific
activities), Pune Municipal Corporation
(local government body) , NGOs, research
organisations, finance bodies and builders
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Pune: Fast
growing city
Residential area
of 147 sq. km
Earlier a low
rise, low density
city being
transformed into
high rise high
density city
PUNE
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Increasing
energy, water
demand and
increased
generation of
waste
WHAT IS ECO HOUSING ?
E: Environment Friendly
C: Conservation of
Resources (energy,water)
O: Optimize the Cost of
Urban Living
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OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
To popularize and facilitate the creation of
Energy efficient , eco friendly residential
housing and develop and promote
models of urban community.
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The objectives will be achieved by
• Creating an enabling environment for EcoHousing through strategic stakeholder
partnerships on the supply and demand
side of the housing and finance market
• Capturing the benefits of Eco-Housing
designs and financial mechanisms by
integration into a demonstration project,
and
• A time-bound scale-up and mainstreaming
plan with adequate financial institutional
support.
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PROGRAM RATIONALE
Increasing benefits with engagement of expanding value chain
40 % savings in energy use
for water pumping
Global Environment
Region/State
City
Municipality/Utility
Savings in water consumption: 960
MLD to 550 MLD for a Class “B” city
in India
Scale up
Community
Neighborhood
Savings in water consumption:
600 lpcpd to 300 lpcpd per family
House
Accrued Benefits
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Increasing Accrued Benefits of Eco-Housing
PARTNERSHIP
Builders
Research Inst.
Environmental
firms
Municipal
Corporations
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Architects
Financial
Institutes
Other donor
organization
NGOs
(ALM)
Activities
The main activities of this initiative in the first year
are
• Formulation of technical criteria for
development of eco houses.
• Support the formation of financing packages
• Showcase a model Eco-Housing residential
sector project.
The subsequent objectives of this initiative is to
develop a long term plan for partnering with
other organizations, to build capacity of
architects and developers so as to support
entrepreneurship in Eco-Housing.
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Key interventions to address the
challenges
• Engagement of Stakeholders
• Development of Eco-Housing
Performance Assessment Tools
• Effecting Policy Changes
• Fiscal and Financial Incentives
• Developing a Sustainable Institutional
Mechanism
• Demonstration Projects
• Training and Capacity Building
Promotion
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Actions so far
• Local municipal body has opened an eco housing cell
within its structure to facilitate eco-housing
– Local body is already taking initiative to mandate the
following:
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Rain water harvesting
Use of recycled water for space cooling
Waste water treatment plant for large colonies
Specified green areas
Solar water heating system for housing colonies
• Technical criteria for development of eco housing has
been drafted
• Website set up for information dissemination
• Study tours to international eco housing projects have
been undertaken.
• Awards for eco buildings/industries/ housing/
organisations promoting eco projects have been
instituted through local private bodies.
• Partners and roles in main streaming eco housing have
been formalised.
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Focus areas in development of
technical criteria
 Site selection and impact on biodiversity
 Environmental Architecture
 Eco friendly construction practices and material
 Water conservation, recycle and reuse, rain water
harvesting
 Decentralized sewage treatment, recycle and
reuse.
 Solid waste management best practices and
technology adopted to achieve zero garbage
 Utilization of renewable and energy efficient
technology
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Some highlights of the Technical
criteria
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Site planning
• Appropriate site selection
• Preservation and protection of soil,
plant cover , water table
• Provision for basic amenities on site
• Appropriate storm water
management, erosion control
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Energy
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• Lighting energy
efficiency can
bring about
20% energy
savings over
conventional
systems
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• Solar water
heating
system would
meet 91% of
water heating
demand
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Energy efficiency at site level
• Energy efficient site lighting
• Solar lighting
• Appropriate planning of services to
reduce pumping energy e g gravity
sewer
• Reduce transportation lengths to
reduce vehicular movements
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Orientation for solar access/shading to avoid direct
radiataion
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Shading analysis to determine window shading
• Daylight integration by appropriate design
to cut down on lighting requirements in
houses
• Embodied energy content to be reduced
by using industrial waste as construction
material, using recyclable products, using
wood substitutes and rapidly renewable
materials
• Resource recovery from waste
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Water
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Water consumption
Reduction in per capita water consumption
by 25 % as compared to BIS standards of
135 l
• Use of low flow fixtures and avoiding wastage
and losses
• Promote use of WC with dual flush system with a
flow rate of 3 l and 6 l per flush
• Faucets and aerators to be used for maintaining a
flow rate of 2 lpm
• Encourage installation of water meters and
regular monitoring of usage
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Water efficient fixtures
30-40% water savings
Low Volume Flushing Cistern 6-7 liters /flush
Sensor based Flushing
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Pressure Regulating Valve
Sensor based Wash Basin
Taps
Efficient water use for gardening
• Practice efficient watering and fixed time schedules
• Irrigate in the coolest part of the day (early mornings and
evenings) to avoid evaporation loss and wind drift.
• Reduce the frequency of irrigation during winter
• Plan a water efficient landscape which is
– A mix of native shrubs and trees that require no
watering after establishment, and reduced lawn areas.
– Group the plants based on their water needs to minimize
water loss
• Use efficient irrigation fixtures such as
– Drip irrigation for shrubs, vegetables, ornamentals but
not for grasses and groundcover.
– An autoirrigation system with programmed time
schedule, rain shut off device and soil moisture sensor to
avoid overwatering
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Water harvesting
• Achieve optimum mix to recharge and
storage
• Reuse
• Prevention of aquifer contamination
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Solid waste management
• Segregation at household level
• Decentralised system or recycling centre
for disposal of the waste with resource
recovery for every 500 households
• Identification of licensed agents for
recyclable materials
• Common composting or biomethanation
plant for manure and biogas production
• Identification of utilisation of compost and
fuel
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Other criteria
• To control air pollution due to
construction
• Health of construction workers
• Handicap access
• Mixed income group housing
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Longer term Sustainability Of The
Project
Formation of ECO-HOUSING Entrepreneur
cell to work towards achieving the
objectives.
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Road map to success
• Development of Eco-Housing
Performance Assessment Tools
• Pune municipal corporation to
mandate certain criteria
• Evolve a financially viable model
• Developing a Sustainable Institutional
Mechanism
• Demonstration Projects
• Training and Capacity Building
Promotion
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In conclusion……..
Eco housing solutions are economically
viable with minimal environmental
footprint which can bring about 30-50%
energy savings ,30-40% water savings
with reduction in…...
•demand on the fossil fuels
•emissions
•pressure on natural resources e.g water.
•waste generation
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Thank you
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