Transcript Smart Grid Utility deck - CITRIS

Smart Grid
Utility Challenges in the 21st Century
Andrew Tang
Smart Energy Web
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
September 18, 2009
Balancing Competing Priorities
Environmental
Sustainability
Reasonable
Cost
Reliable Service
Smart Grid
2
Challenges for the 21st Century Utility
Peak Load is 2x greater than off-peak…
…leading to significant unutilized capacity
Time-shifting
Electricity
Key Utility Challenges:
- Keep electricity flowing reliably
- Integrate increasing amounts of
… and they are unpredictable
intermittent resources
Wind Profile: April 2007
Wind and solar
are non-coincident
with
Resource
Patterns
distributed
and
peak demand…
700
- Maintain a balanced system
Each Day is a different color.
600
Day 29
Megawatts
500
Day 9
400
Day 5
Day 26
300
Average
200
100
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
-100
Hour
3
Traditional End-to-end Utility Network
Balances Supply and Demand
Natural Gas
Generators
Nuclear Power
Plants
Transmission
Smart Grid functionality
restores the
Lines
balance
Hydro power
plants
Distribution
Substations
Customers
4
Large-scale Renewables and Distributed
Resources Impact Supply and Demand
Unpredictably…
… Driving the Need for a Smarter Grid
Natural Gas
Generators
Nuclear Power
Plants
Transmission
Lines
Distributed
storage
Smart Grid functionality restores the
Rooftop
balance
Solar
Hydro power
plants
Distribution
Substations
Customers
Plug-in
Electric
Vehicles
Wind Farms
Solar Farms
5
A Smart Grid
Overlay with an “Intelligent” Infrastructure
• Pervasive sensing and measurement devices
Smart
• Pervasive control devices
• Advanced data communications
• Computing and information management
Power
Plants
Transmission
Networks
Substations
Distribution
Networks
Consumers
6
Utility-scale Storage Resources
Pumped Hydro
Compressed Air
Zinc Bromine Flow Batteries
Sodium-Sulfur (NAS) Battery
Flywheel
7
Renewable Resource Integration
Today:
Renewable Resource Generation
• Clean, flexible, natural gas-fueled resources are currently
necessary to back up intermittent resources
• Significantly improved air emissions profile than retiring plants,
but still fossil-fueled
Rooftop PV
Centralized
CCGT
PowerStorage
Plant
Tomorrow:
Local Storage
• Utility-scale distributed storage backs up intermittent resources
and time-shifts resource availability to coincide with demand
• Distributed generation and distributed storage create a similar
capability at the customer premise
8
Smart Grid Foundation:
Largest US Smart Meter Deployment
 Ubiquitous automated meter reading

10 million meter upgrades by 2012

3.5 million deployed to date
 Frequent meter reads

daily for gas

hourly or 15 minute intervals for electric
 Embedded in-premise network gateway
device unlocks new opportunities

Customer energy management

Demand-side management

SmartCharging for PEVs
9
Paradigm Shift:
Customer Energy Management
GWh
Time-shifting Electricity
Time of Day
In-premise Network
AMI / Smart Grid
10
Online Energy Use Information
 Secure customer access
through PGE.com
 Displays energy use by
billing cycle, month, or week
 Displays daily hourly electric
use
 Customer service reps able
to view same graphs online
11
In-premise Network:
Increasing Levels of Sophistication
Basic
 Simple high-low
indicator
Enhanced
Advanced
 More comprehensive in-home
displays (usage, cost, time)
 Fully automated intelligent energy
management system
 Programmable
Communicating Thermostat
(PCT)
 Other automated/ programmable
appliances
 Electric vehicle charging
 Distributed generation
 Electric storage
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12:00 AM
11:00 PM
10:00 PM
9:00 PM
8:00 PM
7:00 PM
6:00 PM
5:00 PM
4:00 PM
3:00 PM
2:00 PM
1:00 PM
12:00 PM
11:00 AM
10:00 AM
9:00 AM
8:00 AM
7:00 AM
6:00 AM
5:00 AM
4:00 AM
3:00 AM
2:00 AM
1:00 AM
12:00 AM
Whole Building Power (kW)
Targeting Dependable Reductions
in Electric Demand
7/9/2008
20000
CPP MA Baseline
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Results from PG&E Auto-Demand Response Event, Summer 2008
13
PEV Impact on Utility Operations
will be Significant
Larger number of BEVs coming to market
BEVs have extended range
100 miles
24 kWh
15 PHEV
40 miles
BEV 22
BEV
# of models announced
BEV=(full) battery electric vehicle; PHEV=plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
BEVs require higher charging capability
20 hours
9 hours
4 hours
3.3kW
Rate of charge
BEV
PHEV
Battery size (usable)
They represent substantial impact on the grid
2.0
San Ramon
6.5
Fresno
6.2
Vacaville
5.3
Rocklin
Berkeley
1.4kW
PHEV
Electric mileage
SF
Most BEVs
will come with
the ability to
charge at 6.6
kW
8 kWh
6.3
Expected
charging
profile
3.4
6.6kW
Avg. residential peak (summer, kW)
14
PEVs Charge On-peak
1/1/2006
3/1/2006


11/1/2006
7/25/2006
Off Peak
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
When
People
Get
Home
Note: Off peak period as defined in E9 (electric vehicle) rate

9/1/2006
System Loads
1
24
Megawatts
24000
22000
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6/1/2006
Hour of Day
Ample generation in overnight periods
Most people return home during peak
TOU pricing may not be enough to incent behavior
–
We estimate only 3% of all electric vehicles in California are on TOU rate
ª Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric, and Alternate Fuels and the DOE/GSA Federal Automotive Statistical Tool (FAST).
15
HEV Density “2004-08”– A Tale of Two Cities
Fresno CA:
 New Registrations: 83K
 HEV Registrations: 2K
 2.4% of light duty
purchases HEVs
 HEV zip code median: 11
Berkeley CA:
 New registrations: 14K
 HEV registrations: 2.5K
 18% of light duty
purchases HEVs
 HEV zip code median: 212
= 25 HEVs
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SmartPort Network Architecture
Intelligent Sub-meter
• Charging profile
• Demand response
• CO2 credit calculation
• Highway usage tax
AMI Smart Grid
HAN
ZigBee
PLC –
Homeplug
Smart Garage
ZigBee
PLC –
Homeplug
Cord
xEV
PLC –
Homeplug
SAE
J2836
SAE
J1776
17
At PG&E,
We Are Committed To Sustainability
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