Transcript Agenda - The Climate Group

Conférence européenne des régions pour le Climat
Energy efficiency in Heat + Electricity co-generation:
the Lombardy’s best practices
Yves Gaspar
Lombardy Foundation for the Environment
Catholic University of Brescia
Lyon, 20 Octobre 2011
Energy use efficiency:
Performance of thermal engines
S. Carnot 1796-1832
The heat engines
QH
QH = QC + W
W
QC
η
Combined heat & power generation
District Heating in EU – Present Situation
District Heating in EU – Present Situation
District heating is a convenient way to heating space and tap
water.
In many processes, for example when electricity is generated
or waste is burned, large parts of the energy are set free in
the form of surplus heat.
The fundamental idea behind modern district heating is to
recycle this surplus heat which otherwise would be wastedfrom electricity production, from fuel and biofuel-refining,
and from different industrial processes.
Furthermore, district heating can make use of the many
kinds of renewables (biomass, geothermal, solar thermal).
DH has an average market share of 10 percent in Europe, but
it is particularly widespread in North, Central and Eastern
Europe, where market shares often reach 50 percent and
more.
District Heating in EU – Present Situation
At
present 69% of the primary energy demand in EU is
originated in urban areas, where the DH benefits are higher.
More
than 83% of heat delivered by DH systems is originated
by “surplus heat”, CHP and renewable energies. DH contibutes
to the reduction of primary energy demand and CO2 emissions
in EU.
At
present DH in the EU saves 0,9 EJ/year of primary energy
and avoids 113 Mt/year of CO2 emission
Ecoheatcool
project, co-financed by the European Commission,
confirms the possibility of saving an extra 400 Mton/year of CO2
(corresponding to 9.3% CO2 reduction, more than the whole
Kyoto target) and an extra 2,1 EJ/year of primary energy
(equivalent to the annual energy balance of Sweden) with more
District Heating and Cooling across 32 European countries.
BRESCIA
Municipality of Brescia
Province of Brescia
BRESCIA DISTRICT HEATING – EXISTING SITUATION
C.le Nord
1 km
40
Mm3 heated volume
620
km of double pipe
19.500
connected buildings
130.000 inhabitants supplied
695
MWt of installed power
223
MWe of electrical installed power (CHP)
C.le Lamarmora
Termoutilizzatore
19
72
19
73
19
74
19
75
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
HEATED VOLUME (10^6 m3)
BRESCIA DISTRICT HEATING – ANNUAL GROWTH
DH SYSTEM BRESCIA - HEATED VOLUME
42
40
38
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
Mm 3
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
YEARS
YEAR
BRESCIA DISTRICT HEATING
2008 OPERATIONAL DATA
Heat supplied by district heating:
at customer boundaries:
at power plant boundaries:
1.053 GWht
1.292 GWht
Cogenerated electricity:
857 GWhe
Maximum heat produced
(5 gennaio 2009):
560 MWt
BRESCIA DISTRICT HEATING
4.000
3.800
3.600
3.400
3.200
3.000
2.800
2.600
2.400
2.200
2.000
1.800
1.600
1.400
1.200
1.000
800
600
400
200
0
• natural gas
• oil
• coal
• municipal waste and biomass
19
72
19
73
19
74
19
75
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
GWh
FUEL USED IN BRESCIA DH SYSTEM
ANNI
TERMOUTILIZZATORE BRESCIA- Integrated Waste Management
100 %
~ 60 %
1000 kg
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
(The waste to energy plant of Brescia)
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
(The waste to energy plant of Brescia)
OPERATIONS DATA 2008:
Treated waste
( of which biomass 274.000 tons )
801.000
tons
Electricity production (net)
570
Gwhel
District heating
568
Gwhth
Fossil fuels saving (Tons of Oil Equivalent)
> 150.000
TOE
CO2 avoided emissions
> 400.000
tons
Brescia DH developments: NOx Reduction
IMPLEMENTED NOx CONTROL IN BRESCIA WTE
(since 1998)
• PRIMARY
- low combustion excess air
- 30 compartment grate
- infrared camera for
optimization of air supply
- flue gas recirculation
• SECONDARY (NOx reduction)
- SNCR
(NH3 injection with 27 nozzles, positioned at
three levels)
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
(The waste to energy plant of Brescia)
STACK EMISSIONS
mg/Nm3
(excepted TCDD in ng/Nm3)
dry, 11% O2
1993
1994
EUROPEAN
DIRECTIVE
2000/76/CE
(recepit in Italy
in 2005)
Dust
10
3
10
<0,5
SO2
150
40
50
10
NOx
200
100
200
80
HCl
30
20
10
4
HF
1
1
1
0,1
CO
100
40
50
15
2
0,5
0,5
0,01
Cd
0,1
0,02
0,05
0,002
Hg
0,1
0,02
0,05
0,002
IPA
0,05
0,01
0,01
<0,001
TCDD Teq ng/Nm3
0,1
0,1
0,1
<0,005
Heavy metals
AUTORIZZ.
REGIONALE
DESIGN DATA
ACTUAL
OPERATIONAL
DATA
(typical)
STUDIO DI DISPERSIONE ATMOSFERICA
DI INQUINANTI EMESSI SUL TERRITORIO BRESCANO
Comune di Brescia – Università degli Studi di Brescia
Fig 47 – Riduzione della media annuale di PM10 (µg/m3) conseguente all’introduzione
del teleriscaldamento
BRESCIA DISTRICT HEATING FUTURE developmentS
- SCENARIO 2020 HEATED VOLUME:
45 Mm3
MAXIMUM PEAK OF HEAT REQUIRED:
720 MWt
ANNUAL THERMAL ENERGY REQUIRED:
1.791 GWht
46
44
42
40
38
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
2
4
6
8
0
2
4
6
8
0
2
4
6
8
0
2
4
6
8
0
2
4
6
8
0
19
7
19
7
19
7
19
8
19
8
19
8
19
8
19
8
19
9
19
9
19
9
19
9
19
9
20
0
20
0
20
0
20
0
20
0
20
1
20
1
20
1
20
1
20
1
20
2
0
19
7
VOLUMETRIA ALLACCIATA 10^6 m3
36
ANNO
Brescia DH developments: NOx Reduction
HIGH DUST SCR
HIGH DUST SCR LOCATION
Brescia DH developments: NOx Reduction
SCR “HIGH DUST”
2nd PHASE TEST RESULTS (preliminary)
2 SCR LAYER (24 months operation):
• NOx:
80

60 mg/Nm3
• NH3 slip:
12

1 - 4 mg/Nm3
• NH3 consumption: 0.22 
• PRESSURE LOSS:
0.20 m3/h (25% concentrated)
< 2 m bar
Brescia DH developments: NOx Reduction
SCR HIGH DUST ON THE COAL BOILER OF LAMARMORA PLANT
• BOILER THERMAL POWER:
200 MW
• FLUE GAS FLOW:
230 KNm3/h
• NOX EMISSION:
500 mg/Nm3
EXPECTED NOx EMISSION AFTER DENOX INSTALLATION: < 150 mg/Nm3
MILANO DISTRICT HEATING
UPDATED 31/12/2008
19,8
Mm3 heated volume
143
km of double pipe
1.240
connected buildings
200.000 inhabitants supplied
639
80
MWt of installed power
MWe of electrical installed power (CHP)
MILANO DISTRICT HEATING – FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
HEAT PUMP PLANT
MILANO DISTRICT HEATING – FUTURE DEVELOPMENT