Transcript NES Review - MagellanManagement.com

Seneca Landfill:
Landfill Gas to
Energy Project
Presented by: Marty Siebert
2006 EGSA Spring Conference
Agenda
• Landfill Gas 101
• Seneca Landfill
• Landfill Gas
– LFG Collection
– LFG Treatment
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•
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Power Generation
Heat Recovery
Emissions
Benefits
Landfill Gas 101
• Landfill gas (LFG) is a by-product of the
decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW).
• LFG:
– ~ 50% methane (CH4).
– ~ 50% carbon dioxide (CO2).
– <1% non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs).
• For every 1 million tons of MSW:
– ~ 1.0 MW of electricity
– ~ 550,000 cubic feet per day of landfill gas.
• If uncontrolled, LFG contributes to smog and
global warming, and may cause health and safety
concerns.
Modern Municipal Solid
Waste Landfill
Landfill gas production
 1 ton domestic waste => 530,00 – 880,00 ft³ Landfill gas
over a period of 15 - 25 years
Source: Biogasvolume and Properties; U. Loll,
 LHV = approx. 430 - 500 Btu/scf
“ATV Seminar 2/99 Essen”; Germany
 40 - 50% collectable from a covered landfill
Seneca Landfill Project
• Butler County, PA just North of Pittsburgh
• State Funded Project
• Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Landfill
Gas to Energy Plant
– Electricity used to offset grid power
– Thermal used to offset natural gas boiler
• Plant is over 80% efficient
• Renewable/Green power source
Landfill Gas Site
Utilization of Landfill
Gas
Wellhead
LFG Collection
• A system of horizontal or vertical wells are
constructed across a landfill.
• These wells are connected to a header system.
• A blower provides vacuum to the header system
to collect gas from the wells.
• The blower sends the landfill gas to a treatment
and control system
• The control system sends gas to the flare and
genset as required
LFG treatment, blower, and
flare station
LFG Conditioning and
Treatment
• Packaged skid downstream of LFG collection
system and flare
• Required LFG treatment prior to use in genset
• Blower/Compressor
– Increase pressure
• Chillers
– Knock out moisture and contaminants
• Filters
– Filter out contaminants
LFG Conditioning and
Treatment cont.
• Active Carbon Vessel
– Cleaning and removal of Siloxanes
– Siloxanes and Hydrocarbons damage engine
life and performance
– Critical Issue in Project Success
Gas Quality Control Sample Data
The following adverse affects are prevented by gas cleaning:
•Engine damage from siloxane buildup
•Damage/Fouling to oxidation catalyst
•Emissions level increases over time
Si-content in engine oil (approx. 1.000 Bh)
[mg/kg]
•Decrease in maintenance intervals
80
start gas pretreatment
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Jun 94
Si-limit new oil
Jan 95
Jul 95
Feb 96
Aug 96
Mrz 97
Sep 97
Apr 98
Examples of Si Buildup
Examples of Si Buildup
Examples of Si Buildup
Power Generation Equip.
Power Generation
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330kW Recip. Jenbacher Gas Engine
Prime Power > 8,000 hrs/yr
Low NOx Emissions < 0.6 g/bhp-hr
Dual fuel capable
– Natural Gas site over
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Designed to Burn Low-Btu gas
Follows fluctuation in gas energy content
Tolerate of gas contaminants
Low Maintenance
Electrical Operation and
Interconnect
• Utility parallel switchgear and controls
• Generate electricity for site use with excess
power exported to the grid
• Base load application driven of thermal demand
• Black start, island mode capability with load
shed controls
• Interconnect through Penn Power
• Consolidation of site distribution
Heat Recovery
Heat Recovery
• Engine’s jacket water and exhaust heat
recovered
• Hot water used to process LF’s Leachate
– Leachate heated to 95degF to kill bacteria
– Must be treated
• Increase system efficiency
• Offsets natural gas boiler
Project Overview
Hot Water to Leachate Process
Exhaust Out
Remote Dump Radiators
Exhaust Heat
Recovery Unit
P
Utility
Paralleled
Electric Output:
335kW at 480V,
60Hz, 3 Phase
Hot Water Recovery Loop
Low Temp Loop - Dumped
P
LF Gas
Treatment
Skid
Clean LFG
to Engine
Raw LFG From Flare Skid
Natural Gas
Secondary
Fuel Source
Utility
Site
Loads
LFG Politics and
Challenges
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Gas Rights
Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs)
Utility Interconnect
Emissions Permitting
LFGE Project Benefits
• Destroys methane and other organic compounds
in LFG
– Each 1 MW of generation =
• planting ~11,300 acres of trees per year,
• removing the emissions of ~8,400 cars per year,
• preventing the use of ~89,000 barrels of oil per year
• Offsets use of nonrenewable resources (coal, oil,
gas) reducing emissions of:
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SO2 - contributes to acid rain
NOx - contributes to ozone formation and smog
PM - respiratory health concern
CO2 - global warming gas
Emission Reduction
Benefits (lbs/MWh)
Emission Type
(LFG from AP-42; others from eGRID)
Weighted Average for all LFG Electricity Generating
Technologies
National Grid Average – Emitting Sources Only
NOx
SO2
Mercury
2.05
0.17
3.4 x 10-6
4.09
8.48
37.0 x 10-6
National Grid Average – All Sources
2.96
6.04
27.2 x 10-6
Methane Emissions
Sources of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the US
Other Systems 6%
Natural Gas
Systems 10%
LivestockManure
10%
Landfills 36%
Coal Mining 17%
Domestic
Livestock 21%
Environmental Benefits
• Estimated Annual Benefits for all LFGE:
– Planting over 19,000,000 acres of forest,
– Preventing the use of over 150,000,000
barrels of oil,
– Removing emissions equivalent to over
14,000,000 vehicles, or
– Offsetting the use of 325,000 railcars of
coal.
Why Should We Care
About LFG?
• Methane is a potent heat-trapping gas.
• Landfills are the largest human-made
source of methane in the US.
• There are many cost effective options for
reducing methane emissions while
generating energy.
• Projects reduce local air pollution, create
jobs, revenues, and cost savings.
State of the LFGE Industry
396 operational projects (January 2006)
~9.7 billion kWh of electricity produced and
~82 billion cubic feet of gas delivered in ‘05
 Numerous projects under construction
 Over 600 candidate landfills with 1,500 MW of
potential capacity, or 280 billion cubic feet/yr
of LFG for direct use, and ~17 MMTCE
potential emissions reductions

Landfill Gas and Green Power
A Winning Combination
• LFGE is a recognized renewable energy resource
(Green-e, EPA Green Power Partnership).
• LFG is generated 24/7 and available over 90% of the
time.
• Serves as the “baseload renewable” for many green
power projects.
• LFG is among the most cost competitive renewable
resources available ($0.04 - 0.06/kW).
• LFG can act as a long-term price and volatility hedge
against fossil fuels.
• Utilities are already using LFGE.
Questions?
Contact Information:
Marty Siebert
Email: [email protected]
Ph: 901-751-3634