Transcript Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana

Sexually Transmitted Infections
and Diseases
INFORMATION AND ISSUES
STIs: facts and fiction
 Myth
 Chlamydia is the least common of the STI
 Fact
 Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STI in humans.
 Myth
 1 in 100 adult Americans have an STI.
 Fact
 1 in 5 adults in the United States has an STI
STIs: facts and fiction
 Myth
 HPV is only found in adult male populations.
 Fact
 HPV infection is found in 30 percent of sexually active
adolescent girls and young women..
 Myth
 Pubic lice cause no symptoms.
 Fact
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STI and STD Definitions
 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are caused by
infections that are passed from one person to
another during sexual contact.
 These infections often do not cause any symptoms.
Medically, infections are only called diseases when
they cause symptoms. That is why STDs are also
called “_________________________.“
 But it’s very common for people to use the terms
"sexually transmitted diseases" or "STDs," even
when there are no signs of disease.
Various STIs
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Chancroid
Chlamydia
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Genital Warts-Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis B
Herpes
HIV & AIDS
Intestinal Parasites
Molluscum Contagiosum
_______________________________
Pubic Lice (Crabs)
Scabies
Syphilis
Trichomoniasis (Trich)
Chlamydia
 Chlamydia (klah MIH dee ah) is an infection caused by a
kind of bacteria that is passed during sexual contact.
 It is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial
infection in the United States.
 Chlamydia can infect the penis,
vagina, cervix, anus, urethra, eye, or throat.
 Usually, chlamydia has no symptoms. Most people are
not aware that they have the infection — especially
women.
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Half of men with chlamydia have no chlamydia symptoms.
Chlamydia
 If you do get chlamydia symptoms, they may begin in as little
as ____________________ after you got the infection.
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When women have chlamydia symptoms, they may experience
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abdominal pain
abnormal vaginal discharge
bleeding between menstrual periods
low-grade fever
painful intercourse
pain or a burning feeling while urinating
swelling inside the vagina or around the anus
the urge to urinate more than usual
vaginal bleeding after intercourse
a yellowish discharge from the cervix that may have a strong smell
When men have symptoms, they may experience
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pain or a burning feeling while urinating
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swollen or tender testicles
swelling around the anus
Chlamydia
 Chlamydia is easily treated. Treatment requires
antibiotics. One type of chlamydia treatment is taken
in one dose. Other kinds of chlamydia treatment
must be taken for seven days.
 Chlamydia is spread by vaginal and anal intercourse.
Rarely, it is spread during oral sex or by touching
your eye with your hand. It can also spread from a
woman to her fetus during birth. Chlamydia is not
passed through casual contact.
Gonorrhea
 Gonorrhea (gon-o-RHEE-a) is an infection caused by a
kind of bacteria that is passed during sexual contact. It
can infect the penis, vagina, cervix, anus, urethra, or
throat. Sometimes it is called "the clap" or "the drip."
 Gonorrhea can be a serious health risk if it is not treated.
It affects about 600,000 women and men in the United
States every year.
 Gonorrhea is easy to treat. If you have gonorrhea, you
will need to take an antibiotic. Health care providers
usually prescribe a single dose of an antibiotic. Some
gonorrhea infections, however, are resistant to certain
types of antibiotics, so you may have to take more than
one dose.
Gonorrhea
 Often, gonorrhea has no symptoms. Most people are not aware that they have the
infection — especially women.
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Four out of five women with gonorrhea have no gonorrhea symptoms.
One out of 10 men with gonorrhea has no gonorrhea symptoms.
 If you do get gonorrhea symptoms, they may begin in as little as 1–14 days after you
got the infection.
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When women have symptoms, they commonly experience
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abdominal pain
bleeding between menstrual periods
fever
menstrual irregularities
painful intercourse
painful urination
swelling or tenderness of the vulva
the urge to urinate more than usual
throwing up
yellowish or yellow-green vaginal discharge
 When men have symptoms, they commonly experience
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pus-like discharge from the penis
pain or burning feeling while urinating
more frequent urination than usual
Gonorrhea
 Gonorrhea is spread by vaginal and anal intercourse
and oral sex.
 Gonorrhea can also be passed from a woman to her
fetus during birth. It is not passed through casual
contact.
 Untreated Complications
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PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS
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ARTHRITIS
Hepatitis B
 Hepatitis is an infection of the liver. The group of
viruses that infect the liver are called hepatitis
viruses. Some types of hepatitis can cause very
serious diseases and — in extreme cases — may lead
to death.
 The type of hepatitis most likely to be sexually
transmitted is hepatitis B (HBV). Hepatitis B is
spread through semen, vaginal fluids, blood, and
urine.
Hepatitis B
 Because hepatitis B often has no symptoms, most people are not aware that
they have the infection. About 1 out of 2 adults who have it never have
hepatitis B symptoms. When hepatitis B symptoms do occur, they usually
appear between six weeks and six months after infection.
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When hepatitis B symptoms do develop, the ones most likely to happen first include
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extreme tiredness
tenderness and pain in the lower abdomen
loss of appetite
nausea, vomiting
pain in the joints
headache
fever
hives
Later hepatitis B symptoms include
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more severe abdominal pain
dark urine
pale-colored bowel movements
jaundice — yellowing of the skin and eyes
Hepatitis B
 There is no medicine that can cure hepatitis. But in
most cases, hepatitis B goes away by itself within 4 to
8 weeks. More than 9 out of 10 adults with HBV
recover completely.
 However, about 1 out of 20 people who get HBV as
adults will be "carriers" and have chronic (longterm) infection with HBV. Nine out of 10 infants who
get HBV at birth will have chronic infection unless
they receive immediate treatment. Most HBV
carriers remain contagious for the rest of their lives.
There are about one and a quarter million HBV
carriers in the U.S.
Hepatitis B
 Hepatitis B is very contagious. It is passed through
an exchange of
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having sexual intercourse without a latex or female condom
having unprotected oral sex
sharing needles to inject drugs
sharing personal hygiene utensils such as toothbrushes and
razors
accidental pricks with contaminated needles in the course of
health care
HBV can also be passed from mother to infant during birth.
Herpes
 Herpes is a very common infection. It is caused by
two different but closely related viruses. The viruses
are herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes
simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Both are easy to catch.
They remain in the body for life and can produce
symptoms that come and go.
 Oral herpes is caused most often by HSV-1. When a
herpes infection is on or near the sex organs, it is
called genital herpes. Genital herpes is caused most
often by HSV-2.
Herpes
 The most common herpes symptom is ______________________— usually on
the vagina, vulva, cervix, penis, buttocks, or anus. Symptoms may last several weeks
and go away. They may return in weeks, months, or years.
 The first time that genital herpes symptoms appear is called "first episode" or
"initial herpes." The initial herpes symptoms are usually more noticeable than later
outbreaks.
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Genital herpes symptoms may include
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blisters
burning feelings if urine flows over sores
inability to urinate if severe swelling of sores blocks the urethra
itching
open sores
pain in the infected area
During initial herpes, symptoms may also include
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swollen, tender glands in the pelvic area, throat, and under the arms
fever
chills
headache
general run-down feelings
achy, flu-like feelings
Herpes
 Certain medications can help manage the infection.
Using herpes treatments is usually very effective in
speeding up the healing of sores and preventing them
from returning frequently.
 Although herpes treatment is helpful, there is no cure.
However, in most cases outbreaks become fewer and
weaker over the course of a few years.
 Herpes is spread by touching, kissing, and sexual contact,
including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It can be passed
from one partner to another and from one part of the
body to another. Brief skin-to-skin contact is all that's
needed to pass the virus.
HIV-AIDS
 HIV causes AIDS. HIV stands for human
immunodeficiency virus. It breaks down the immune
system — our body's protection against disease. HIV
causes people to become sick with infections that
normally wouldn't affect them.
 AIDS is short for acquired immune deficiency
syndrome. It is the most advanced stage of HIV
disease
 Some people develop HIV symptoms shortly after
being infected. But it usually takes more than 10
years.
HIV-AIDS
 AIDS symptoms appear in the most advanced stage of HIV disease. In addition to a
badly damaged immune system, a person with AIDS may also have
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thrush — a thick, whitish coating of the tongue or mouth that is caused by a yeast infection and
sometimes accompanied by a sore throat
severe or recurring vaginal yeast infections
chronic pelvic inflammatory disease
severe and frequent infections
periods of extreme and unexplained tiredness that may be combined with headaches,
lightheadedness, and/or dizziness
quick loss of more than 10 pounds of weight that is not due to increased physical exercise or dieting
bruising more easily than normal
long periods of frequent diarrhea
frequent fevers and/or night sweats
swelling or hardening of glands located in the throat, armpit, or groin
periods of persistent, deep, dry coughing
increasing shortness of breath
the appearance of discolored or purplish growths on the skin or inside the mouth
unexplained bleeding from growths on the skin, from the mouth, nose, anus, or vagina, or from any
opening in the body
frequent or unusual skin rashes
severe numbness or pain in the hands or feet, the loss of muscle control and reflex, paralysis, or
loss of muscular strength
confusion, personality change, or decreased mental abilities
HIV-AIDS
 There is currently no cure for HIV/AIDS. But there are
treatments for people living with HIV/AIDS.
 HIV is transmitted in blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast
milk. The most common ways HIV is spread are by
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having vaginal or anal intercourse without a condom with someone who
has HIV/AIDS
sharing needles or syringes with someone who has HIV/AIDS
being deeply punctured with a needle or surgical instrument
contaminated with HIV
getting HIV-infected blood, semen, or vaginal secretions into open
wounds or sores
Babies born to women with HIV/AIDS can get HIV from their mothers
during birth or from breastfeeding.
 HIV is not transmitted by simple casual contact such as
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HPV
 HPV stands for human papillomavirus. There are more than 100 types of
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HPV. Some types produce warts — plantar warts on the feet and common
hand warts. About 40 types of HPV can infect the genital area — the vulva,
vagina, cervix, rectum, anus, penis, or scrotum.
Genital HPV infections are very common. HPV is so common that about
half of all men and more than 3 out of 4 women have HPV at some point in
their lives. But most people who have HPV don't know it.
Most HPV infections have no harmful effect at all.
Some types of HPV may cause genital warts. These are called low-risk types
of HPV.
Some types of HPV may cause cell changes that sometimes lead to cervical
cancer and certain other genital and throat cancers. These are called highrisk types.
high-risk types of genital HPV can cause cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva,
anus, penis, and throat. The type of cancer HPV causes most often is
cervical cancer.
HPV
 HPV is spread by skin-to-skin contact — usually
during vaginal, anal, or oral sex play.
 An HPV vaccine can protect women against two of
the HPV types that _____________________of
all cases of cervical cancer.
 There is currently no HPV treatment to cure HPV
itself. Most HPV infections are harmless, do not
require treatment, and go away by themselves.
Treatment is available for the abnormal cell changes
in the cervix that are caused by HPV.
Syphilis
 Syphilis (SIFF-I-lis) is a sexually transmitted disease
caused by bacteria that are passed sexually. It can
infect the vagina, anus, urethra, or penis, as well as
the lips and mouth.
 Syphilis can be a serious health risk if it is not
treated. About 36,000 American women and men
become infected with syphilis every year.
 Often, syphilis has no symptoms or has such mild
symptoms that a person doesn't notice them.
Syphilis
 Primary Stage — A painless sore or open, wet ulcer, which is
called a chancre, appears. You may have just one chancre or a few.
Chancres usually appear about three weeks after infection, but may
take up to 90 days. Without treatment, they last 3–6 weeks.
Chancres can appear on the genitals, in the vagina, on the cervix,
lips, mouth, breasts, or anus. Swollen glands may also occur during
the primary phase.
 ______________ — Other symptoms often appear 3–6 weeks
after the sores appear. These syphilis symptoms may come and go
for up to two years. They include body rashes that last 2–6 weeks —
often on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. There are
many other symptoms, including mild fever, fatigue, sore throat,
hair loss, weight loss, swollen glands, headache, and muscle pains.
 Late Stage — One out of three people who have syphilis that is not
treated suffer serious damage to the nervous system, heart, brain, or
other organs, and death may result. This can occur 1–20 years after
the start of the infection.
Syphilis
 The early stages of syphilis are easy to treat. If you have syphilis,
you will need to take an ________________.
 Keep in mind that any damage caused by syphilis in the later stages
cannot be undone.
 Syphilis is spread by contact with syphilis sores. Direct contact can
occur during
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vaginal and anal intercourse
oral sex
kissing (much less commonly)
 Syphilis is especially contagious in the ___________________,
when sores are present. The liquid that oozes from them is very
infectious. People are usually not contagious during the latent
stages of the first four years of syphilis infections. Untreated
syphilis remains latent for many years or a lifetime, but can be
spread from a pregnant woman to her fetus.
Overall Prevention
 If you have symptoms of an STD, it's important to be
tested. Some common symptoms of STDs include sores
on the genitals, discharge from the penis or vagina,
itching, and burning during urination.
 But remember, many infections often do not cause any
symptoms. Many people have sexually transmitted
infections and never know it. Many people get or spread
infections without ever having symptoms.
 If you've had sex play with another person and did not
use a condom,female condom, dental dam, or other
barrier, it's a good idea to talk to your health care
provider about STD testing.