Transcript BACTERIA! - Mrs. Ahrens' Science Site

Virus Mobil Cards
• Write the definition of the following terms on 3 mobil
cards:
o Capsid
o Bacteriophage
o Vaccine
• Explain how viruses reproduce on the card.
• Explain 3 examples of viral diseases.
BACTERIA!
Review Questions
Are bacteria prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
Multicellular or Unicellular?
Do they have a cell wall? Yes!
How many kingdoms are there for types
of bacteria? 2!
Eubacteria and
• What are the two types of bacteria? Archabacteria
• What domains are these two types of
bacteria part of? Bacteria and Archea
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ARE BACTERIA LIVING?
YES!
Divided into two kingdoms:
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
Heterotroph or autotroph (most
use chemosynthesis).
Chemosythesis is when organisms
make energy from chemical
reactions.
The Six Kingdom System:
Archaebacteria
• Include prokaryotes
without membrane bound
nuclei
• Live in extreme
environments without
Oxygen
• Microscopic
• Unicellular
• Cell Walls
• Autotrophs or Heterotrophs
• Oldest fossils are 3.5 Billion
years old
The Six Kingdom System: Eubacteria
• Are prokaryotes that have
very strong cell walls
• Microscopic
• Unicellular
• Heterotrophs & Autotrophs
• Live in most habitats
except extremes where
archaebacteria live.
• Some cause disease, most
are harmless and/or
helpful.
• Archaebacteria and
eubacteria together are
called monera and make
up the most amount of
biodiversity in the world.
Bacteria and archaea
• Similar but different
o SIMILARITIES:
o DIFFERENCES:
o Living environments
o Small
o Shapes
o Single celled
o Cell wall
o Plasma membrane
Bacterial Shapes
• Bacilli: rod shaped
• Cocci: spherical
• Spirilla: spiral, corkscrew
Structure of a Bacteria
Cell membrane
Cell wall
DNA
Ribosomes
http://www.ou.edu/class/pheidole/General%20Bacteria.jpg
Bacteria Growth and Reproduction
http://porpax.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/gene/sf9x3box.jpg
• Bacteria reproduce in
two main ways:
o Binary fission – when
bacterium doubles in
size, it copies its DNA
and divides,
producing two
identical cells.
o Conjugation – a
hollow bridge forms
between 2 bacteria
and genes are
transferred from one
cell to the other
(genetic diversity)
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/69091a.jpg
Bacteria Reproduction:
Binary Fission
• When a bacteria grows so that it has doubled in
size, it replicates its DNA and divides in half
• Is this sexual or asexual?
• Identical or different daughter cells?
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9DNWcqxI4
Bacteria Reproduction:
Conjugation
• Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic
material between bacterial cells by direct cell-tocell contact or by a bridge-like connection
between two cells.
• Eubacteria have peptidoglycan and certain lipids
in their cells walls that are not present in
Archaebacteria.
• Gram staining differentiates types of Eubacteria.
o Thick cell walls absorb more of the dye and appear dark purple (Gram
positive).
o Thin cell walls absorb less of the dye and appear pink (Gram negative).
http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/jaedike_alic/grainpositive.jpg
http://www.asm.org/Division/c/photo/gc1.JPG
We’re not all bad!
• Bacteria are most widely known for causing
diseases such as strep throat, tetanus, meningitis,
and tuberculosis.
• However, most bacteria are very useful:
o Many are important decomposers in our
ecosystem.
o Rhizobium provides plants with nitrogen.
o A few bacteria are used to clean up small oil
spills in the ocean.
Antibiotics
• Antibiotics block the growth and reproduction of
bacteria
• Used to treat bacterial infections
• Bacteria can evolve to become resistant to
antibiotics
Common Bacteria Strains
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Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Escherichia coli (E. Coli)
Meningococcus
Bacteria Facebook Page
• You will be given a fact sheet with a type of
bacteria and your task will be to create a facebook
page for it
• You must include:
o 5 statuses about your specific bacteria from your fact sheet
o 5 statuses on anything you learned about all bacteria from the notes
today
o Draw or cut and paste at least 3 pictures of your bacteria
o Write at least 4 other types of bacteria that you are “friends” with