Transcript ASCENT - University of Southern California

Center for Embedded Networked Sensing
Monitoring and Detecting Harmful Algal Blooms in King Harbor, City
of Redondo Beach, CA, Using a Wireless Sensor Network
Xuemei Bai, Beth Stauffer, Astrid Schnetzer, Lindsay Darjany, David A. Caron,
Carl Oberg, Amit Dhariwal, Bin Zhang, Arvind Pereira, Jnaneshwar Das and Gaurav S. Sukhatme
University of Southern California http://robotics.usc.edu/~namos/
Developing a Monitoring and Early Warning System for HABs
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Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)
Fig.1
King Harbor Marina
– Commonly known as red tide, which is the proliferation of
nuisance algae.
– It has significant adverse impact on environment,
economy, and public health.
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Portofino Marina
Questions to be addressed in King
Harbor
Fish Kill in 2005
Port Royal Marina
HABs at Redondo Beach
The color of water sample
collected during a bloom
in 2006
– Blooms frequently occurred in recent years, which might
be linked to the massive fish kill in 2005.
– Several potentially harmful algal species coexisted in the
harbor.
– When and where the blooms are formed
(inside or outside the harbor?)
– Solutions to avoid potential fish kill
(aeration?).
– The cause of community structure
change of HABs species
(environmental conditions or trophic
interaction).
Approach: Networked Aquatic Microbial Observing System
Static Data Acquisition Platforms
A
Mobile Data Acquisition System
B
– Four Buoys were deployed at
locations indicated in Fig 1.
– The buoys are wirelessly connected
and equipped with sensors which
allows continuous real -time data
acquisition:
– Multi-sensor equipped
Sondes deployed at both
surface and near bottom
– Parameters can be
measured by the sensors:
• Six thermistors to monitor temperature
distribution at different depths
• A light meter to monitor light intensity
• A fluorometer to monitor the Chlorophyll
Beth calibrating the fluorometer in Sonde
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– Autonomous navigation to desired locations
based on data collected from the static sensor
networks.
– Capable of vertical profiling
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Conductivity
Temperature
Depth
Chlorophyll
Turbidity
DO
Conductivity
Temperature
Depth
Chlorophyll
Current speed
Current direction
Results: Data From Both Networked Sensors and Lab Experiments
Laboratory Experiments
Multi-platform Monitoring
– Continuous data collection from
surface and near-bottom Sondes
(5 days):
– Physical and biological
data were successfully
collected during multiple
deployments at various
locations to characterize
the harbor waters.
• Oxygen was highly saturated and the
chlorophyll concentrations indicated low
phytoplankton biomass.
• Chlorophyll levels and temperature shared
similar diel patterns.
• Changes of oxygen concentrations were
closely associated with changes in
chlorophyll.
• Salinity and turbidity measurements
indicated depth-dependent differences.
36.0
0.015
15
0.010
14
Chl
DO
Turbidity
Salinity
0.025
-2.214
35.5
9.0
0.020
8.5
Chl (Votage)
0.020
16
-2.215
0.030
Salinity (ppt)
0.025
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Chl (Votage)
Temperature (C)
– For instance, depth gradients of
temperature were documented and
chlorophyll dynamics during nonbloom conditions were
characterized (January, March and
April.
9.5
0.030
Temp
Chl
17
bloom events in early 2006 (eg: June 2006)
were documented and during these events
several dominant species were identified using
microscopy and species specific molecular
probes.
- Lab experiments are designed to examine
changes in community structure of HAB
species using molecular approaches (e.g shifts
from dinoflagellate to Raphiophyte-dominated
assemblage).
-2.213
35.0
0.015
0.010
-2.212
34.5
8.0
-2.211
0.005
0.005
-2.210
34.0
13
0.000
23-Apr-07
24-Apr-07
25-Apr-07
Turbidity (Votage)
Surface
- Tremendous changes in chlorophyll during
7.5
0.000
23-Apr-07
Apr 26,07
24-Apr-07
25-Apr-07
23-Apr-07
24-Apr-07
25-Apr-07
C.marina
Apr 26,07
Apr 26,07
Depth
13.8
0.02
0.04
9.0
0.02
8.5
0.600
35.8
0.595
35.7
0.590
35.6
Turbidity (Votage)
0.04
14.0
Chl (Votage)
0.00
23-Apr-07
24-Apr-07
25-Apr-07
Apr 26,07
8.0
0.00
23-Apr-07
24-Apr-07
25-Apr-07
Apr 26,07
Prorocentrum
0.585
Positive amplification using
species specific primers
13.6
35.5
0.580
23-Apr-07
24-Apr-07
25-Apr-07
Apr 26,07
Many thanks to Dr. Peter Countway
for helping me with molecular work!
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Oxygen Vertical Profile
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
0
– Measurements using a
portable oxygen sensor
showed an increasing trend
in total DO from January to
April. Furthermore, an
increase in variability of DO
with depth throughout
deployments was detected.
7-Jan, 07
7-Mar, 07
1
7-Apr,07
23-Apr,07
Depth (m)
Temperature (C)
14.2
0.06
9.5
0.605
H. akashiwo
0.06
10.0
Turbidity
Salinity
35.9
F. japonica
14.4
0.08
C. marina
14.6
Chl
DO
10.5
0.610
Salinity (ppt)
Chl (Votage)
0.08
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Temp
ChL
14.8
0.10
11.0
0.10
15.0
2
Bloom-forming Species and Potential Grazers
Noctiluca with algae inside food vacuoles
3
Akashiwo sanguinea
4
5
6
King Harbor Marina DO Profile
UCLA – UCR – Caltech – USC – UC Merced
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