Transcript Glencoe Biology

Chapter 30 Mammals
Section 1: Mammalian Characteristics
Section 2: Diversity of Mammals
Click on a lesson name to select.
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Mammalian Characteristics
Hair and Mammary Glands
 Two characteristics that distinguish members
of class Mammalia from other vertebrate
animals are hair and mammary glands.
Chapter 30
Mammals
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Mammalian Characteristics
Functions of Hair
1. Insulation
2. Camouflage
3. Sensory devices
4. Waterproofing
5. Signaling
6. Defense
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Mammalian Characteristics
Other Characteristics
 Endothermy
 Source of body heat is internal.
 Heat is produced by a high metabolic rate.
 Body temperature is regulated by internal
feedback mechanisms.
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Mammalian Characteristics
Feeding and Digestion
 Daily intake of
food is used to
generate heat to
maintain a
constant body
temperature.
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Mammalian Characteristics
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Mammalian Characteristics
Trophic Categories
1. Insectivores
2. Herbivores
3. Carnivores
4. Omnivores
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Mammalian Characteristics
Teeth
 Reveal the life habits of a mammal
 Carnivores use canines to stab and
premolars to slice and shear meat.
 Incisors of insectivores are long and
curved, functioning as pincers in
seizing insect prey.
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Mammalian Characteristics
Excretion
 Kidneys excrete or retain the proper
amount of water in body fluids.
 Enables mammals to live in extreme
environments
Mammals
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Mammalian Characteristics
Respiration
 High levels of
oxygen are required
to maintain a high
level of metabolism.
 Mammals are the
only animals that
have a diaphragm.
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Mammalian Characteristics
Circulation
 Mammals require a consistent
supply of nutrients and oxygen
to maintain homeostasis.
 Keeping oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood separate
makes the delivery of nutrients
and oxygen more efficient.
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Mammalian Characteristics
The Brain and Senses
 Mammals have highly developed brains.
 Cerebral cortex is responsible for coordinating
conscious activities, memory, and the ability
to learn.
 Cerebellum is responsible for balance and
coordinating movement.
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Mammalian Characteristics
Complex Behavior
Senses
 The importance of the senses varies from
one group of mammals to the next.
Glands
 A system of glands secretes a variety of
fluids that helps to regulate a mammal’s
internal environment.
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Mammalian Characteristics
Reproduction
 In mammals, the egg is fertilized internally.
 Development of the embryo takes place in
the female uterus.
Movement
 Mammals must find food, shelter, and
escape from predators.
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.2 Diversity of Mammals
Mammal Classification
 Monotremes
 Marsupials
 Placental mammals
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.2 Diversity of Mammals
Monotremes
 Reproduce
by laying
eggs
 Duck-billed
platypus
 Echidna
Echidna
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.2 Diversity of Mammals
Marsupials
 Very short period of
development in the uterus
 Crawl into a pouch made
of skin and hair and
continue development
while being nourished by
milk from the mother’s
mammary glands
Kangaroo
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.2 Diversity of Mammals
Placental Mammals
 Give birth to young
that do not need
further development
within a pouch
Shrew
 Represented
by 18 orders
Humpback whale
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.2 Diversity of Mammals
Chapter 30
Mammals
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.2 Diversity of Mammals
Evolution of Mammals
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.2 Diversity of Mammals
Therapsids
 A therapsid is an extinct vertebrate with both
mammalian and reptilian features.
 Pair of holes in the roof of the skull that
allowed for the attachment of jaw muscles
 Limbs positioned beneath their bodies
 Might have been endotherms
Chapter 30
Mammals
Chapter Resource Menu
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
Formative Test Questions
Chapter Assessment Questions
Standardized Test Practice
biologygmh.com
Glencoe Biology Transparencies
Image Bank
Vocabulary
Animation
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.
Chapter 30
Mammals
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
Name the term that refers to a mammal’s
ability to produce heat internally.
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
D
A. endoderm
B. endothermy
C. ectoderm
D. ectothermy
Chapter 30
Mammals
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
What classification of mammals reproduces
by laying eggs?
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
D
A. marsupial
B. placental mammal
C. monotreme
D. therapsid
Chapter 30
Mammals
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
A mammal’s period of gestation refers to what?
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
D
A. amount of time the
young stays with its herd
B. amount of time the
young stays in the uterus
C. amount of time the young
drinks its mother’s milk
D. amount of time for the
young to mature enough
to reproduce
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Formative
Questions
Which characteristics distinguish mammals
from other vertebrates?
A. kidneys and a cloaca
B. mammary glands
and hair
C. a high metabolic
rate and limbs
D. a four-chambered
0%
0%
0%
0%
heart and endothermy
D
A
B
C
D
C
B
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Formative
Questions
What is the tough, fibrous protein that makes
up hair, nails, claws, and hooves?
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
D
A. urea
B. keratin
C. cellulose
D. collagen
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Formative
Questions
What is the source of body heat for
mammals?
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
D
A. hibernation
B. insulation
C. metabolism
D. respiration
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Formative
Questions
Which part of the brain is more highly
developed in mammals than in other
animals?
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
D
A. cerebrum
B. hypothalamus
C. medulla
D. optic lobe
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.1 Formative
Questions
What is a group of cells that secretes fluid to
be used elsewhere in the body?
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
D
A. a bladder
B. a duct
C. a gland
D. an organ
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.2 Formative
Questions
Which mammals have reptilian features,
such as laying eggs?
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
D
A. cetaceans
B. marsupials
C. monotremes
D. sirenians
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.2 Formative
Questions
Which mammals use their two pairs of
razor-sharp incisor teeth to gnaw through
wood, seed pods, or shells to get food?
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
D
1.
2.
3.
4.
C
A. artiodactyls
B. insectivores
C. lagomorphs
D. rodents
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.2 Formative
Questions
Which animals are cetaceans?
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
D
1.
2.
3.
4.
C
A. deer and goats
B. moles and shrews
C. dolphins and whales
D. manatees and dugongs
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.2 Formative
Questions
Why did mammals undergo extraordinary
adaptations to the environment after the
disappearance of dinosaurs?
0%
0%
D
0%
B
0%
A
B
C
D
C
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
A. They had new niches
available to them.
B. They were able to
survive the ice age.
C. They were no longer
prey to dinosaurs.
D. They no longer
competed with dinosaurs.
Chapter 30
Mammals
Chapter Assessment
Questions
The graph shows
that large animals
such as elephants
have a high
metabolic rate.
1.
2.
A
B
A. True
B. False
0%
B
A
0%
Chapter 30
Mammals
Chapter Assessment
Questions
Select the mammal that is a member of the
order Chiroptera.
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
D
A. hedgehog
B. ape
C. anteater
D. bat
Chapter 30
Mammals
Chapter Assessment
Questions
Compare the digestive tracts of the deer and
the fox. Infer why the deer’s digestive tract is
so much longer.
Answer: It takes longer and is more difficult
to digest plant material than meat.
Chapter 30
Mammals
Standardized Test
Practice
Which animal eats
the least amount of food
as a percentage of its
body mass?
A. elephant
B. shrew
1.
2.
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
Chapter 30
Mammals
Standardized Test
Practice
Why is a high metabolic
rate necessary for the
shrew’s survival?
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
D
1.
2.
3.
4.
C
A. Its body loses
heat quickly.
B. It has a short
digestive tract.
C. It carries out
complex behavior.
D. It produces milk
for its offspring.
Chapter 30
Mammals
Standardized Test
Practice
How does a herbivore’s digestive tract
compare to the digestive tract of this
carnivore? An herbivore will have…
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
D
1.
2.
3.
4.
C
A. a shorter digestive tract
and a smaller cecum.
B. a shorter digestive tract
and a larger cecum.
C. a longer digestive tract
and a larger cecum.
D. a longer digestive tract
and a smaller cecum.
Chapter 30
Mammals
Standardized Test
Practice
How do ruminants benefit from having
bacteria in their stomachs?
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
D
1.
2.
3.
4.
C
A. They can be omnivorous.
B. They can digest meat.
C. They can filter urea.
D. They can process cellulose.
Chapter 30
Mammals
Standardized Test
Practice
Which teeth are more highly developed in a
mountain lion?
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
D
1.
2.
3.
4.
C
A. canines
B. incisors
C. molars
D. premolars
Chapter 30
Mammals
Standardized Test
Practice
What is believed to have caused the isolation
of marsupials’ ancestors to Australia and
nearby islands?
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
D
1.
2.
3.
4.
C
A. adaptive radiation
B. continental drift
C. habitat destruction
D. reproductive isolation
Chapter 30
Mammals
Standardized Test
Practice
What competitive adaptive advantage do
placental mammals have over marsupials?
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
D
1.
2.
3.
4.
C
A. a more highly developed
digestive system
B. a pair of holes in the
roof of the skull
C. limbs positioned
beneath their bodies
D. more highly evolved
social behavior
Chapter 30
Mammals
Glencoe Biology Transparencies
Chapter 30
Mammals
Image Bank
Chapter 30
Mammals
Vocabulary
Section 1
mammary gland
placenta
diaphragm
gestation
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
gland
uterus
Chapter 30
Mammals
Vocabulary
Section 2
monotreme
marsupial
placental mammal
therapsid
Chapter 30
Mammals
Animation
 Visualizing the Digestive Systems of
Mammals
Chapter 30
Mammals