Transcript New SF

STRUCTURAL FUNDS 2007-2013
Presentation given at The Council of European Municipalities
and Regions (CEMR) on the occasion of the seminar on
“Promoting endogenous local economic development strategies: the case of
the creative industry”
Ana Maria Nogueira - DG EMPL
April 6th 2006
Commission européenne
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Timeline
2001: Second Cohesion report
Feb 04: Financial Perspectives proposal 07-13 +
Third Cohesion report
July 04: Proposal SF regulations
Sep 04: Start debate Council + EP + other
institutions
June 05: proposal Strategic Guidelines for
Cohesion
Dec 05/ Adoption of financial perspectives
Commission européenne
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The legislative proposals
A General Regulation setting the main objectives
and eligibility rules for interventions,
programming and management of the funds
3 Funds' Regulations – ERDF, ESF, Cohesion
Fund – stipulating the arrangements specific to
each fund
A regulation establishing a European grouping for
cross-border co-operation
One Commission's implementing Regulation
Commission européenne
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Why the need of change
To address enlargement challenges
To concentrate on Lisbon and Gothenburg agendas
To give more visibility to the results of cohesion
policy
To address the difficulties encountered in the
implementation of current programming
Commission européenne
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Re-orientation of Cohesion policy based on the
priorities of the Union – Lisbon and Gothenburg
Articulation around the 3 pillars of sustainable development
Competitiveness  innovation, research,
education and accessibility
Employment and social inclusion
Environment and risk prevention
Commission européenne
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Impact of enlargement
From 380 to 454 million (EU25) – and then to
485 million (EU 27)
GDP per head drops (-12.5% EU 25: -18%
EU27)
BUT – NMS bring dynamic growth (4% per
year against 2.5% in EU 15)
Commission européenne
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Impact of enlargement
The development gap between regions
doubles: the average GDP in Obj 1 is 69%: in
the NMS 46%
Employment rate: EU15 = 64% - NMS = 56%
Number of unemployed reaches 18 million
Rate: 15% in 10 NMS – 8% in EU 15
Population getting the highest rate of aid from Cohesion policy goes
from 83 million to 123 million
Commission européenne
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Other challenges for the future
Globalisation and technological progress
Adjusting to change
Demographic trends
Increase growth in the
Loss of 1 million
workers per year
EU
Commission européenne
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Principles of the SF reform
Concentration: a more strategic approach –
geographic – thematic
Simplification:
less objectives-less funds
simpler programming
more flexible management
Decentralisation: stronger role for the regions
and local players
Commission européenne
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Principles
Concentration
Simplification
Decentralisation
while keeping the main principles that have proved the Community added
value:
programming
partnership
evaluation
additionality
shared management
accent on quality and performance
Commission européenne
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A more strategic approach and in line with the Subsidiarity
principle for the three stages of programming
Community Strategic Guidelines (EU level):
linking cohesion objectives with Lisbon
agenda
Strategic Reference Framework (national
level): organisation of coherence of
Community, national and regional priorities
Operational Programmes –
thematic\geographic: analysis, strategy,
priorities
Commission européenne
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The new architecture: 3 Objectives-3 Funds
Convergence – ERDF, ESF,CF
regions (regional GDP per capita <75% of the average)
Regions concerned by the statistical effect: “phasing-out”
CF (GNI per capita <90% of the average)
Regional competitiveness and employment –
ERDF,ESF
"phasing-in" regions
all other parts of the Union
European territorial co-operation – ERDF
No Community Initiatives
Commission européenne
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The political priorities
Convergence  support growth and job
creation in the least developed MS and regions
Regional Competitiveness and Employment
 helping regions and people to anticipate
and respond to change
Territorial co-operation promoting a
balanced integration of the European territory
Commission européenne
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Special treatment
Regions affected statistically by enlargement
Outermost regions
Regions with geographical handicaps
Certain islands
Mountain areas
Sparsely-populated regions in the far North of EU
Commission européenne
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A decentralised and territorial approach
Each region may benefit from a programme, which it implements
Territorial specificities are taken into account
Integration of the urban dimension with the possibility of
sub-delegation to the urban authorities
Attention given to zones with a geographic or natural
handicap islands, mountains, rural zones with low population density,
previous external border areas may benefit from an increased rate of cofinancing
Nordic zones  very low population density taken into account in the
final allocation
Ultra-peripheral regions  covered by a specific allocation
compensating for extra costs
Commission européenne
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acquis
structurale
policy – present / future
financiar-instrumentele
Pachetul
Cohesion
Structural instruments
7 priority themes – 5 instruments
ERDF
ESF
Objective 1
Objective 2
INTERREG
URBAN
Objective 1
Objective 2
Objective 3
EQUAL
ERDF
Convergence
Regional
competitiv&employment
European territorial
cooperation
EAGGFGuidance
FIFG
CF
Objective 1
Transport and
environ projects
X X
Objective 1
LEADER+
Restr. fisheries
outside Objective 1
ESF
Convergence
CF
Convergence
Regional competitiv
&employment
3 objectives – 3 instruments
Simplification
Commission européenne
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Structural funds
- programming cycle Cohesion
Strategic
National
Development
Guidelines
adopted by
Plan
Council
Community
Support
National Strategic
Framework
Reference
Framework
Simplification
Operational Programmes
Operational
Programmes
(high priority
level,
most important actions)
X
Programme
Complements
Commission européenne
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Strategic guidelines, programming and follow-up
Community's strategic guidelines on cohesion
1
proposed by the Commission,
adpoted by the Council, assent by the
European Parliament
National strategic reference framework
2
proposed by the Member State in applying the
partnership principle; reflects on the Union‘s orientations,
lays down a national strategy and its programming;
finally decided by the Commission
Operational Programmes
3
one programme by fund and Member State
or region, description of priorities, management and
financial sources; proposed by Member State or region;
finally decided by the Commission
Programme management and project selection
4
5
by Member States and regions; “shared management“ principle = concertation with the
Commission
Strategic follow-up and annual debate
by the European Council in Spring, based on an
annual report of the Commission and Member States
Commission européenne
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Significant simplification
3 funds in place of 6  ERDF, Cohesion Fund, ESF
Mono-fund programmes
Integration of projects of the Cohesion Fund in
multi-annual programming
Identical management rules for the Cohesion Fund
and the Structural Funds
Programming and financial management by priority
and no longer by measure
National eligibility rules for expenditure and no
longer Community rules
Commission européenne
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Concentration
Budgetary resources are concentrated on those who need them
most (budgetary concentration):
78,54% in favour of Convergence (81,7%):
Less-developed regions
Less-developed countries
Regions concerned by the statistical effect linked to enlargement (drop in GDP per
capita)
17,22% (15,9)in favour of Regional Competitiveness and Employment
3,94% (2,42%)for cross-border and trans-national co-operation
Programmes will focus on the Lisbon and Gothenburg
priorities (thematic concentration)
Commission européenne
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Comparison between Commission proposal and Council
agreement
Commission
proposal in %
in billion
Euro
Council
agreement
in%
in billion
Euro
Convergence
78.54 %
264
81.7 %
251.3
Regional
Competitiveness and
Employment
17.22 %
57.9
15.9 %
48.9
European Territorial
Cooperation
3.94 %
13.2
2.42 %
7.5
Objective
Total
336.1
Commission européenne
307.6
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Objectives, Structural Funds and instruments 2007-2013
Objectives
Structural Funds and instruments
Convergence
ERDF
ESF
Regional Competitiv.
and Employment
ERDF
ESF
European territorial
Cooperation
ERDF
infrastructure,
innovation,
investments
etc.
vocational
training,
employment
aids etc.
all Member States and regions
Commission européenne
Cohesion
Fund
environmental and
transport infrastructure,
renewable energy
MemberStates with a
GNI/head below 90%
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Programmes and
Instruments
Eligibility
Priorities
Convergence objective
Cohesion
Policy
2007-2013
3 Objectives
Budget:
EUR 307.6 bn
Regional and national
programmes
ERDF
ESF
Cohesion Fund
including phasing-out
Allocations
81.7%
(EUR 251.33 bn)
Regions with a GDP/head
75% of average EU25
Statistical effect:
Regions with a GDP/head
75% of EU15
and >75% in EU25
Member States
GNI/head 90%
EU25 average
•innovation;
•environment/
risk prevention;
•accessibility;
•infrastructure;
•human resources;
•administrative capacity
•transport (TENs);
•sustainable transport;
•environment;
•renewable energy
57.6%
EUR 177.29 bn
4.1%
EUR 12.52 bn
20.0%
EUR 61.42 bn
Regional competitiveness and employment objective
15.8%
(EUR 48.79 bn.)
(0.37% of EU-GNI)
Regional programmes
(ERDF)
and national
programmes
(ESF)
Member States
suggest a list of
regions
(NUTS I or II)
"Phasing-in"
Regions covered by objective 1 beween 2000-06
and not covered by the
convergence objective
•Innovation
•environment/risk
prevention
•accessibility
•European Employment
Strategy
3.4%
EUR 10.38 bn
European territorial co-operation objective
Cross-border and
transnational
programmes and
networking (ERDF)
Border regions and
greater regions of
transnational
co-operation
Commission européenne
15.5%
EUR 38.4 bn
•innovation;
•environment/
risk prevention;
•accessibility
•culture, education
2.44%
(EUR 7.5 bn.)
of which:
77.6% cross-border
18.5% transnational
3.9% interregional
+ ENPI
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The regulatory framework
General Regulation
on the ERDF, the ESF
and the Cohesion Fund
Council by unanimity,
assent EP
ERDF Regulation
ESF Regulation
Cohesion Fund Regulation
Regulation establishing a
European grouping of
territorial co-operation (EGTC)
ERDF, ESF: Co-decision;
Cohesion Fund: assent EP
Co-decision
Commission Regulation on
Implementation
Information, Publicity, Financial
control and Financial corrections
New: General Regulation applies to the Cohesion Fund; a new Rural Development
Fund and Fisheries instrument now outside Cohesion Policy; one Commission regulation instead of
five on specific aspects; eligibility rules simplified.
24
Commission européenne
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Financing: Differentiation of co-financing rates
Criteria
Member States,
regions
ERDF,
ESF
Cohesion
Fund
(1) Member States whose average per
capita/ GDP below 85% between 2001-03
CZ, EE, GR, CY, LV,
LT, HU, MT, PL, PT,
SI, SK, BG, RO
85%
85%
ES
80%/50%*
85%
AT, BE, DK, DE, FR,
IR, IT, LU, NL, SE,
SF, UK
75%/50%*
-
regions in ES, FR, PT
85%
85%**
(2) Member States other than those
under (1) eligible to the Cohesion Fund
(3) Member States other than those
under (1) and (2)
(4) Outermost regions referred to in
Article 299 (2) of the Treaty
* The first rate concerns regions eligible under the "Convergence"; the second one concerns regions
under the "Regional Competitiveness and Employment" objective
** If applicable
Commission européenne
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Programming: Earmarking "Lisbon priorities"
Presidency conclusions stipulate that expenditure targets will
be set under both the convergence (60%) and regional
competitiveness and employment (75%) objectives for policies
which contribute directly to achieving the Lisbon objectives.
The Commission currently prepares a list of those categories
of expenditure concerning research and innovation, human
capital, business services, major European infrastructures and
energy efficiency and renewables.
Exception: these provisions shall not apply to Member States
that acceded the Union after 2004.
Commission européenne
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The European Social Fund
2007-2013
“Jobs and new opportunities for all”
Commission européenne
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Legal basis
• Article 146 of the Treaty establishes that the ESF
aims “to render the employment of workers easier and to
increase their geographical and occupational mobility within
the Community, and to facilitate their adaptation to
industrial changes and to changes in production systems, in
particular through vocational training and retraining”
• The ESF Regulation translates Article 146 of the
Treaty into concrete provisions on the tasks,
priorities, and eligible activities of the ESF
Commission européenne
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The new FSE
Reinforced links with EU employment and
social inclusion priorities
Contributes to Convergence and Regional
Competitiveness and Employment
Mainstream of innovative actions and transnational cooperation
Priority for administrative capacity
development
Promotion of good governance and partnership
Commission européenne
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Reinforced links with the EES
Strengthen economic and social cohesion by supporting MS
policies aiming at
–
–
–
–
full employment,
quality and productivity at work,
social inclusion and
reduction of regional employment disparities
Take account of EU objectives in the field of social inclusion
and gender equality
Concentration on the employment recommendations
Commission européenne
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ESF priorities: Convergence and Regional Comp. (I)
Adaptability of workers and enterprises 
Development and implementation of lifelong learning
strategies and systems, dissemination of ICT and
management skills, promotion of entrepreneurship and
innovation
Anticipation and positive management of change
through work organisation, identification of future skill
needs and support to workers affected by restructuring
Commission européenne
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ESF priorities: Convergence and Regional Comp. (II)
Enhancing access to employment 
Modernisation of labour market institutions
Active and preventive measures ensuring early identification of
needs
Participation and progress of women in employment, reduce
gender segregation, reconcile work and private life
Strengthen social integration and employment of migrants
Commission européenne
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ESF priorities: Convergence and Regional Comp.(III)
Reinforcing social inclusion of people at
disadvantage and combating discrimination 
pathways to integration in employment through
employability measures and accompanying actions and
social support and care services
diversity in the work place and awareness raising and
involvement of local communities and enterprises to
combat discrimination
Commission européenne
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ESF priorities: Convergence and Regional Comp.(IV)
Mobilising for reforms in employment and
inclusion 
development of partnerships and pacts through
networking at national, regional and local level
Commission européenne
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ESF priorities: Convergence (I)
Investment in human capital 
reforms in Education and Training systems to increase
relevance to the LM, update teachers' skills
Increased participation in Education and Training systems
to reduce early school leaving and increase access to initial
vocational and tertiary education
Development of human potential in research and
innovation
Commission européenne
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ESF priorities: Convergence (II)
Building of Institutional Capacity of public
administrations and public services 
support to policy and programme design and
evaluation
capacity building in the delivery of policies,
programmes and legislation
Commission européenne
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Mainstreaming innovation and trans-nationality
Promotion and mainstreaming of innovative
and trans-national action within each
programme
Each Managing Authority will choose the
themes for innovation
Trans-national co-operation  specific axis or
programme
MS ensure complementary and coherence with
other Community programmes
Commission européenne
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Promotion of good governance and partnership
ESF shall be implemented at the appropriate
territorial level according to each MS specificities
Greater involvement of Social Partners and
consultation of non-governmental stakeholders in
ESF programming, implementation and monitoring
"An appropriate amount" of ESF resources under
Convergence for capacity building and activities
undertaken by Social Partners
Adequate access of NGO to funded activities
Commission européenne
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Eligibility
Expenditure ineligible for ESF support 
Reimbursable VAT
Interests on debt
Purchase of infrastructure, depreciable movables real state and land
“The ERDF and the ESF may finance, in a complementary
manner and subject to a limit of 10% of each priority axis of
an operational programme, actions falling within the scope
of assistance from the other Fund, provided that they are
necessary for the satisfactory implementation of the
operation and are directly linked to it” (art.33.2 GR)
Commission européenne
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2000-2006/2007-2013: Instruments and Objectives
2000-2006
Objectives
2007-2013
Financial instruments
Cohesion Fund
Cohesion Fund
Objective 1
ERDF
ESF
EAGGF-Guidance
FIFG
Objective 2
ERDF
ESF
Objective 3
Objectives
Convergence and competitiveness
Financial Instruments
Cohesion Fund
ERDF
ESF
ESF
Regional competitiveness and
employment
- regional level
- national level: European Employment
Strategy
ERDF
ESF
INTERREG
ERDF
European territorial cooperation
ERDF
URBAN
ERDF
EQUAL
ESF
LEADER +
EAGGF-Guidance
Rural development and restructuring
of the fishery sector outside Obj. 1
EAGGF-Guarantee
FIFG
9 objectives
6 instruments
3 objectives
3 instruments
Commission européenne
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Next steps
Budget 2007-2013: Council, European Parliament and
Commission need to agree upon a new Inter-institutional
Agreement (April/May?).
Cohesion Policy regulations and Strategic Guidelines for
Cohesion: the set of five regulations will possibly be agreed
by the Council (February 2006) and by Council and EP
(June/July 2006).
Programming and implementation: Member States and
regions to propose National Strategic Reference
Frameworks and Operational Programmes (second half of
2006), which will be adopted by the Commission
(2006/2007).
Commission européenne
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Thank you for your attention
For more information, please visit:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/esf2000/index-en.htm
Commission européenne
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LOCAL
EMPLOYMENT
DEVELOPMENT
(LED)
Commission européenne
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The European Employment Strategy
The European Employment Strategy (EES) has coordinated Member
States' employment policies since 1997 through:
•
common European guidelines and recommendations
•
annual national action plans for employment
•
monitoring, evaluation and mutual learning at EU level (open
method of coordination)
•
Member States have responsibility for implementation
 A policy framework which complements EU action in
the field of employment (cf. legislation, social
dialogue and the European Social Fund)
Commission européenne
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The EES and the Lisbon Agenda
Lisbon
Macro-economic policy coordination
stability and growth pact, monetary policy
Sustainable
Development
Strategy
Micro-economic reforms
industrial policy, innovation and R&D, reforms
in product, service and financial markets
Employment policy coordination
attracting more people, adaptability of workers
and enterprises, investment in human capital
EES
Coordination on
social protection
& social inclusion
 The Lisbon Strategy initiated a
comprehensive set of structural
reforms. The EES is the employment pillar.
Commission européenne
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European Employment Strategy
New EES covers a three year period, from 2005 to 2008. Components are:
 Integrated Employment Guidelines
(following a proposal from the Commission, the European Council agrees
every year on a series of guidelines setting out common priorities for MSs'
employment policies)
 National Reform Programmes
(every MS draws up a programme in which is described how these Guidelines
are going to be designed and implemented nationally)
 Joint Employment Report
(the Employment chapter of the annual progress report is adopted by the
Council to form the Joint Employment Report)
 Recommendations
(The Council may decide, by qualified majority, to issue country-specific
Recommendations upon a proposal by the Commission)
 EU annual progress report
A rolling programme of annual planning, monitoring, examination, and readjustment
Commission européenne
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European Employment Strategy
THE EMPLOYMENT GUIDELINES (2005 to 2008)
Integrated Guidelines numbers 17 to 24
Member States, in cooperation with the social partners,
shall conduct their policies with a view to implementing the
objectives and priorities for action specified below.
Reflecting the Lisbon strategy, the Member States' policies
shall foster in a balanced manner:

Full employment

Improving quality and productivity at work

Strengthening social and territorial cohesion
Commission européenne
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European Employment Strategy
THE EMPLOYMENT GUIDELINES (2005 to 2008)
Integrated Guidelines numbers 17 to 24
17: Implement employment policies aiming at achieving full employment,
improving quality and productivity at work, and strengthening social
and territorial cohesion
18: Promote a lifecycle approach to work
19: Ensure inclusive labour markets, enhance work attractiveness, and
make work pay for job-seekers, including disadvantaged people, and
the inactive
20: Improve matching of labour market needs
21: Promote flexibility combined with employment security and reduce
labour market segmentation, having due regard to the role of the
social partners
22: Ensure employment-friendly labour cost developments and wagesetting mechanisms
23: Expand and improve investment in human capital
24: Adapt education and training systems in response to new
competence requirements
Commission européenne
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European Employment
Strategy
Introductory text to the employment guidelines for 2005-2008
(integrated guidelines 17-24):
"In taking action, Member States should ensure
good governance of employment policies. They
should establish a broad partnership for change
by involving parliamentary bodies and
stakeholders, including those at regional and
local levels. European and national social
partners should play a central role."
ie. good governance and partnership, including at the
local level, cuts across all the Employment Guidelines
Commission européenne
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What is Local Employment
Development?
Activities to develop employment
locally, involving key local actors,
generally in partnership with others
(perhaps EU/nationally/regionally
designed initiatives, but not always)
Everything has a local dimension
Commission européenne
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What is Local Employment
Development?
Local Employment
Development reaches the
parts that EU policy and
national policy (and regional
policy) fail to reach
PROMOTING THE LOCAL DIMENSION OF
THE EES
Commission européenne
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European Social Fund (ESF)
Proposal for ESF Regulation, 2007-2013
Scope of Assistance (Article 3):
• (Social Inclusion) "… the involvement of local
communities and enterprises and the promotion of
local employment initiatives."
• "Promoting partnerships, pacts and initiatives through
networking of relevant stakeholders, such as social
partners and NGOs, at national, regional, local and
transnational level…"
• "Strengthening institutional capacity and the efficiency
of public administrations and public services at
national, regional and local level…"
Commission européenne
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European Social Fund (ESF)
Proposal for ESF Regulation, 2007-2013
Good governance and partnership (Article 5):
• "Its support shall be designed and implemented at the
appropriate territorial level taking into account the national,
regional and local level according to the institutional
arrangements specific to each Member State."
• "The MSs shall ensure the involvement of the social
partners and adequate consultation and participation of
other stakeholders, at the appropriate territorial level…"
Gender equality and equal opportunities (Article 6):
• "MSs shall promote a balanced participation of women and
men in the management and realisation of the operational
programmes at local, regional and national level, as
appropriate."
Commission européenne
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Some of our recent LED
Activities
• Grants towards pilot projects 'Preparatory Measures in favour of a
Local Commitment to Employment' (2000-03)
• EU Forum on LED (Rhodes, Greece, 2003)
• Practical Handbooks for Local Employment Strategies (2004)
• IDELE: Identification, Dissemination and Exchange of good
practice in Local Employment development (2004-06)
• New Member States and Local Employment Development: taking
stock and planning for the future (2005-06)
• Benchmarking and LED (2005)
• Joint EU-US Seminar on LED (June 2005)
• Linking Local Actors (2006-07)
• Joint work with OECD-LEED programme
Commission européenne
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IDELE
Identification, Dissemination and Exchange of good
practice in Local Employment development, and
promoting better governance
• 3-year rolling programme (2004-2006)
• Series of 12 seminars, each on a different theme (4 each year)
• Rigorous process of identification and analysis of good practices
(focus on local strategies and overall approaches, rather than ad
hoc projects)
• Seminars bring together 25-30 participants - researchers,
practitioners, policy makers (mainly from local level, but other
levels also represented) – to discuss issues and case studies (6-8)
in depth
• Dissemination: website; each year, 4 thematic reports, plus overall
report; will be increasing focus in Year 3
• Creating its own network, and database of good practice examples
Commission européenne
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IDELE
Themes covered so far – LED and:
• Declining industrial areas
• Integrating ethnic minorities in cities
• Remote rural areas
• Successful areas and the Lisbon Process
• Lifelong Learning
• Linking into national/regional governance systems
• Sustainable finance (alternatives to the grant culture)
• Cross-border areas
Commission européenne
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IDELE
Themes to be covered in 2006 – LED and:
• The new Convergence Regions (for cohesion policy –
especially the ESF)
• Employment activation in the new Regional
Competitiveness and Employment regions
• Rural development
• Overall conclusions and recommendations from IDELE
Commission européenne
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IDELE
Themes to be covered in 2006 – LED and:
• The new Convergence Regions (for cohesion policy –
especially the ESF)
• Employment activation in the new Regional
Competitiveness and Employment regions
• Rural development
• Overall conclusions and recommendations from IDELE
Commission européenne
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IDELE
Emerging issues/findings (1)
• A lot is going on out there!
• IDELE is an intensive process if it is to be effective
• No 'one-size fits all'… BUT common factors and issues
• Governance issues: "wired up" to other levels, flexibility
• Local action is most effective where local strategies/action
plans (LAPs) are developed – should link vertically and
horizontally
• Local Authorities always play a crucial role in LED
partnerships and activities… BUT leadership not ownership
• Maximise local assets
• Local action profits from strong social and trust relationships
Commission européenne
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IDELE
Emerging issues/findings (2)
• Finance: grant dependency, sustainability, attract capital
• Best practice in LED often comes from organisations formed
as companies (of some sort)
• May exist because of or in spite of external policies and
environment (and can change over time)
• National governments can: provide commitment;
acknowledge diverse needs at local level; remove barriers to
partnership; balance accountability with freedom and
flexibility
• Have to work harder at involvement of private sector
• Do not always need radical overhaul – adapt existing
structures
Commission européenne
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IDELE
Emerging issues/findings (3)
BUT, remember…
• Objective is not the creation of partnerships, but is the
delivery of effective and efficient (public) services,
responsive to local needs, that have a positive impact
• Crowded platforms problem in some areas
• Limits to the local – local level cannot or should not be
involved in everything
Commission européenne
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EES & LED
Conclusions regarding the local dimension of the
EES:
The EES is a well established vehicle for the promotion of more and
better jobs.
At regional and local levels, actors have been given the opportunity
to work increasingly together and interact with national and
European institutions and policies.
Local development plays a big role in the implementation of the
EES. Even more must be done to ensure this involvement thereby
improving the governance of the EES, a key part of the Growth and
Employment (Lisbon) Strategy.
Commission européenne
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The Local Dimension of the EES
• Website address for LED pages on Europa:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/local_employment/index_en.htm
http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/employment_strategy/index_en.htm
• IDELE website: http://www.ecotec.com/idele/
• Benchmarking & LED project: http://www.benchmarking-led.dk/
• OECD-LEED:
http://www.oecd.org/document/9/0,2340,en_2649_34417_22477577_1_1_1_1,00.
html
• DG EMPL:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/index_en.html
Commission européenne
-63-