Transcript ASEAN Sending and Receiving Countries

Asian Migration Patterns and Trends
Bali Process Ad Hoc Group Workshop on Regional
Protection, Resettlement and Repatriation
Mark Getchell, Regional Representative IOM
Canberra
Regional Migration Dynamics
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…international movement has become much
more diverse both in terms of the forms that it
takes and in terms of the people who move.
There has been a significant increase in the
movement between Asia-Pacific nations but also
out of and into the region. Movement is both
forced and unforced, documented and
undocumented, permanent and non-permanent,
work-related and not work-related.
GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES IN MIGRATION IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC, Graeme Hugo, Draft Paper for EastWest Centre Project on Cross-Border Governance, April 2009
Out Migration (net)
SASI Group (University of Sheffield), Newman (University of Michigan) 2006,Net Immigration
In Migration (net)
SASI Group (University of Sheffield), Newman (University of Michigan) 2006,Net Immigration
Regional impact of International Migration
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World: est. 214 million migrants worldwide (3% of
global pop.)
Europe hosts largest number of international
migrants – est. at 70 mil in 2010
Asia hosts second largest population – est. at 61
mil in 2010
Global refugee stock projected to reach 16.3
million in 2010
Asia expected to host 66% of world refugees
(10.9 million) in 2010
Source: Trends in Total Migrant Stock: The 2008 Revision
UN Dept of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
International Migrant Stock
Estimated amount of international migrants by major area, 1990-2010 (millions)
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Africa
Asia
Europe
1990
Latin America
and the
Caribbean
2000
2010
Source: Trends in Total Migrant Stock: The 2008 Revision
UN Dept of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
Northern
America
Oceana
Major RCPs by Region
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There are 13 major RCPs covering migration issues
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Cover regional issues in: Europe, Central Asia, North
and Central America, South America, Mediterranean,
West Africa, Southern Africa, North Africa, Horn of
Africa, Asia-Pacific, Middle-East
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Most represent origin and destination countries and
sometimes transit
Principle Migration Related RCPs
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Söderköping Process (a/k/a Cross-Border Cooperation
Process) in Central Europe;
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Budapest Process in Europe and Central Asia;
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Regional Conference on Migration (RCM or Puebla
Process) in North and Central America;South American
Conference on Migration (SACM);
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Mediterranean Transit Migration Dialogue (MTM Dialogue)
in Europe and North Africa;
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Migration Dialogue in West Africa (MIDWA);
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Migration Dialogue in Southern Africa (MIDSA);
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Inter-governmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
Regional Consultative Process on Migration (IGAD-RCP)
in Eastern Africa/Horn of Africa;
Principle Migration Related RCPs (cont’d)
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Inter-Governmental Asia-Pacific Consultations on
Refugees, Displaced Persons and Migrants (APC);
Ministerial Consultations on Overseas Employment and
Contractual Labour for Countries of Origin in Asia
(Colombo Process);
Ministerial Consultations on Overseas Employment and
Contractual Labour for Countries of Origin and Destination
in Asia (Abu Dhabi Dialogue);
Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons
and Related Transnational Crime in the Asia-Pacific
region;
Inter-Governmental Consultations on Migration, Asylum
and Refugees (IGC) including countries in Europe and
North America as well as Australia and New Zealand.
Tools Toward Building Cooperation
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databases of migration info [IGC, Söderköping Process];
matrixes comparing nat’l legislation on migration issues (e.g.
TiP & smuggling [RCM]; asylum, enforcement, & immigration
systems [IGC]);
interactive map for RCP’s participating states to exchange info
on the migratory situation in that region [MTM];
model legislation criminalizing people smuggling & TiP [Bali];
good practice guidelines for (i) protection for repatriating child
victims of TiP [RCM], (ii) initial establishment of identity of
irregular migrants [Bali], and (iii) voluntary return of irregular
migrants [RCM];
training curriculum for labour attachés & overseas employment
administrators [Colombo];
checklist of issues to be addressed in the return of irregular
migrants [Bali].
IOM Jakarta Irregular Migrant (IM) Caseload
IMs UNDER IOM INDONESIA AUSPICES
As Per 30 APRIL 2010
Sorted By: CITIZENSHIP
PK, 14
BD, 12
SO, 3 TH, 3
KH, 2
DZ, 1
IR, 51
MM, 60
VN, 33
SD, 1
MA, 1
IQ, 186
AF, 659
LK, 229
TOTAL
2010
TOTAL
2009
GRAND
TOTAL
AFGHANISTAN
36
352
833
ANGOLA
0
4
BANGLADESH
0
2
CAMBODIA
2
4
EGYPT
0
1
INDIA
0
4
IRAN
0
IRAQ
1
92
JORDAN
0
20
MAROCCO
0
1
NEPAL
0
15
PAKISTAN
3
SAUDI ARABIA
0
2
SIERRA LEONE
2
4
SOMALIA
0
1
SRI LANKA
10
SYRIA
0
4
THAILAND
0
1
TURKEY
0
17
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
0
2
VIETNAM
12
YEMEN
0
ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN BY CITIZENSHIIP
66
13
18
25
5
114
125
131
130
3
413
1510
The Role of Assisted Voluntary Return
(AVR)
 IOM
has been implementing AVR programmes for 30
years
 In past 10 years IOM AVR programmes have assisted
more than 1.4 million migrants return safely to over 160
countries of origin
 Targets assistance to unsuccessful asylum seekers,
irregular migrants, stranded migrants, victims of trafficking,
qualified and skilled nationals to assist in
development/reconstruction of home countries
 AVR projects currently underway in AHG countries:
Australia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Sri Lanka
Advantages of AVR
AVR advantages all players on the origin-transit-destination
spectrum:
 for
the migrant it is an humane alternative to deportation;
 for the country of destination it is more cost effective &
administratively expedient than forced return;
 for the country of origin, and its bilateral relations with the
country of destination, it is politically more palatable and
less sensitive than the forced “deportation” of émigrés
whilst significantly facilitating the reintegration of their
nationals.
What’s needed
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Migration management of existing flows
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Temporary systems
 Policies
 Data
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Cooperation: all levels
Development assistance
Economic development policies (promote
alternatives to migration)
Planned resettlement schemes